不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦楞(leng)形板是不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)寬幅型鋼(gang)的一種，由于(yu)其形狀如同(tong)頂上(shang)用瓦片(pian)鋪(pu)成的行列隆(long)起部分，故稱為(wei)在線亞洲日產一區二區:不銹鋼瓦楞(leng)形板(ban)，如圖5-37所示。

 人們過去常見(jian)的“瓦(wa)(wa)楞（形(xing)(xing)）板(ban)”大都是用普(pu)通低碳(tan)鋼，也就是非合金鋼材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)的（見(jian)圖(tu)5-38),還(huan)有用非金屬材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)如(ru)石(shi)棉、塑料(liao)(liao)、紙板(ban)等(deng)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)的瓦(wa)(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)板(ban)。這些瓦(wa)(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)板(ban)主(zhu)要(yao)用于建筑領(ling)域(yu)的屋頂材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)、外(wai)墻材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)各種包裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)(xiang)體的外(wai)形(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)產(chan)品包裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)(xiang)、盒(he)等(deng)，之所以做(zuo)成(cheng)瓦(wa)(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)，主(zhu)要(yao)目的是增加結構剛度(du)和(he)穩定(ding)性(xing)。因此，其尺寸精度(du)和(he)表面質量(liang)要(yao)求及材(cai)(cai)(cai)質要(yao)求都不是很高。

 此處介紹(shao)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)與普(pu)通的(de)(de)(de)“瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)（形(xing)(xing)(xing)）板(ban)(ban)”有(you)著(zhu)本質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，首先材料是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼，無疑要(yao)(yao)比普(pu)通的(de)(de)(de)“瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)（形(xing)(xing)(xing)）板(ban)(ban)”具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)強度、良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)極好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)飾效(xiao)果，另外在結構上也大不(bu)(bu)(bu)相同。這些都賦予了不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)普(pu)通“瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)”的(de)(de)(de)各種功能(neng)與作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，而且具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)普(pu)通“瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)（形(xing)(xing)(xing)）板(ban)(ban)”沒有(you)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)，即不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)可以作(zuo)為(wei)傳熱元件使用(yong)(yong)。作(zuo)為(wei)傳熱元件，對(dui)其(qi)各方面的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)就比普(pu)通“瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)（形(xing)(xing)(xing)）板(ban)(ban)”高(gao)得多(duo)，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)對(dui)瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)表(biao)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。對(dui)瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)表(biao)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)主要(yao)(yao)體現在對(dui)外形(xing)(xing)(xing)尺寸和(he)表(biao)面質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)上。因此，采用(yong)(yong)何種方式、何種工(gong)藝(yi)加工(gong)生產(chan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)就成(cheng)為(wei)保證其(qi)外形(xing)(xing)(xing)尺寸和(he)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。其(qi)他性(xing)(xing)能(neng)（機械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)、耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)焊接(jie)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)）主要(yao)(yao)取(qu)決(jue)于所選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)材料。

1. 不銹鋼瓦楞形板外(wai)形尺(chi)寸

 從圖(tu)(tu)5-37和圖(tu)(tu)5-39可以看(kan)出(chu)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦楞形(xing)板的(de)外(wai)表(biao)形(xing)狀是有(you)規(gui)律、周(zhou)期性變化(hua)的(de)，而(er)且彎曲深度(du)(du)較小、形(xing)狀單(dan)一，不(bu)僅有(you)橫(heng)(heng)向波紋(wen)，而(er)且還有(you)縱向波紋(wen)。所以說，其形(xing)狀既簡單(dan)又復(fu)雜，簡單(dan)是指形(xing)狀單(dan)一，有(you)規(gui)律；復(fu)雜是指不(bu)僅有(you)橫(heng)(heng)向波紋(wen)，而(er)且還有(you)縱向波紋(wen)。這就給不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦楞形(xing)板的(de)成型(xing)帶來(lai)不(bu)小的(de)難(nan)度(du)(du)，在(zai)成型(xing)工藝上必(bi)須采取相應的(de)工藝措施(shi)和手段，方(fang)能保(bao)證獲得要求的(de)外(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸和成型(xing)質量。

 圖5-39是不銹鋼瓦楞形(xing)板的實物照片，從圖片可以看出(chu)，不銹鋼瓦楞形(xing)板的外表和形(xing)狀是非常(chang)美觀(guan)、漂亮的，具有(you)較高的觀(guan)賞性(xing)，如同(tong)工藝品、裝飾品。

 圖(tu)5-39不(bu)銹鋼瓦楞形板A-A截面尺寸，見圖(tu)5-40,B-B截面尺寸，見圖(tu)5-41。

 不銹鋼瓦楞形板(ban)成品實物斷面圖(tu)片，見圖(tu)5-40(b)和圖(tu)5-41(b)。

 從圖5-40和圖5-41可以看(kan)出，不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦楞形(xing)板(ban)的(de)斷面變(bian)化的(de)規律(lv)是周(zhou)期性的(de)，斷面形(xing)狀(zhuang)是關(guan)于(yu)縱向中心線為對稱的(de)型鋼(gang)，彎曲深(shen)(shen)度較淺，深(shen)(shen)度僅有7mm。

 不銹鋼瓦楞形板外(wai)形尺寸精度(du)：截面最(zui)大(da)邊長(chang)誤差≤0.3mm;圓角最(zui)大(da)直徑：≤2.0mm;縱向(xiang)、橫向(xiang)彎曲度(du)：每米(mi)≤1mm; 扭轉：每米(mi)≤1°。

2. 瓦楞形(xing)板橫向波紋的成型

 不(bu)(bu)銹鋼瓦楞形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)式(shi)冷彎成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)時，首(shou)先將不(bu)(bu)銹鋼冷軋平板(ban)預(yu)彎曲(qu)鐓壓成(cheng)弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)波紋，如圖5-42所示的第(di)一(yi)架成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)孔形(xing)(xing)(xing)的形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀。輥(gun)(gun)(gun)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀為(wei)，向(xiang)下彎曲(qu)的弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)直徑為(wei)Φ=265mm,向(xiang)上彎曲(qu)的弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)直徑為(wei)Φ=164mm,帶鋼進(jin)入并通過如此輥(gun)(gun)(gun)型(xing)(xing)是(shi)毫不(bu)(bu)困難(nan)的，一(yi)個(ge)波長（周(zhou)期）為(wei)83.40mm,弧深度(du)（垂直位移）為(wei)4.12mm,這個(ge)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀無論是(shi)在(zai)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)寬(kuan)度(du)上，還是(shi)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)深度(du)上都是(shi)可行的和符合(he)要求(qiu)的。一(yi)個(ge)波長（周(zhou)期）橫(heng)向(xiang)位移（減(jian)寬(kuan)量）為(wei)0.60mm,相對減(jian)寬(kuan)率（橫(heng)向(xiang)位移）為(wei)0.71%,見圖5-42,如此的位移（減(jian)寬(kuan)量）不(bu)(bu)會對鐓壓成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)造(zao)成(cheng)困難(nan)和產生成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)缺陷，這些(xie)都為(wei)第(di)二架成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)再鐓壓創(chuang)造(zao)了條件。

 第(di)(di)(di)二架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)(gun)在第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)(gun)的(de)鐓(dui)(dui)壓(ya)基礎上(shang)，再次(ci)鐓(dui)(dui)壓(ya)，使其達(da)到如圖5-42所(suo)示的(de)孔形(xing)形(xing)狀(zhuang)，弧度直徑(jing)分別(bie)為(wei)Φ=133mm和p=82mm,一(yi)個(ge)波(bo)(bo)(bo)長(chang)（周(zhou)期(qi)）為(wei)81.70mm、弧深(shen)(shen)度為(wei)8.18mm,這就是說寬(kuan)(kuan)度和深(shen)(shen)度更(geng)(geng)接近(jin)于成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品形(xing)狀(zhuang)，而(er)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)減(jian)寬(kuan)(kuan)量（水平位移(yi)）僅為(wei)1.42mm,相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)減(jian)寬(kuan)(kuan)率(lv)（水平方向(xiang)）為(wei)1.7%,要比(bi)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)道次(ci)大了許多，這是符合開始(shi)小一(yi)些(xie)、中間大一(yi)些(xie)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型規律要求的(de)，見第(di)(di)(di)三(san)架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)(gun)在第(di)(di)(di)二架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)(gun)的(de)鐓(dui)(dui)壓(ya)基礎上(shang)，再鐓(dui)(dui)壓(ya)，使其達(da)到如圖5-42所(suo)示的(de)孔形(xing)形(xing)狀(zhuang)，這時將已經成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型的(de)弧形(xing)瓦(wa)楞形(xing)鐓(dui)(dui)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)梯(ti)形(xing)狀(zhuang)瓦(wa)楞形(xing)，而(er)一(yi)個(ge)波(bo)(bo)(bo)長(chang)（周(zhou)期(qi)）為(wei)80mm,相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)減(jian)寬(kuan)(kuan)量（水平位移(yi)）僅為(wei)2.28mm,一(yi)個(ge)波(bo)(bo)(bo)長(chang)（周(zhou)期(qi)）相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)減(jian)寬(kuan)(kuan)率(lv)（水平方向(xiang)）為(wei)2.79%.通(tong)過鐓(dui)(dui)壓(ya)使弧深(shen)(shen)由8.18mm減(jian)小為(wei)7.00mm,這樣可使梯(ti)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型更(geng)(geng)加精確到位，為(wei)最(zui)后沖(chong)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型達(da)到成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品形(xing)狀(zhuang)及尺寸奠定良好的(de)基礎，此時，橫(heng)向(xiang)鐓(dui)(dui)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型已全部完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，隨后將采用沖(chong)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)(gun)在已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型橫(heng)向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋上(shang)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最(zui)終(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型。

 圖(tu)5-42是各架次成型(xing)輥輥形尺(chi)寸圖(tu)。

 第(di)三(san)(san)架成型(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)形圖(tu)和孔形圖(tu)，見(jian)圖(tu)5-43.第(di)三(san)(san)架成型(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)應(ying)是由多片(pian)(pian)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)片(pian)(pian)疊加組合(he)而成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組合(he)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)，輥(gun)(gun)(gun)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平段和圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)段采(cai)取與板(ban)(ban)(ban)材接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，而傾斜(xie)段則采(cai)取與板(ban)(ban)(ban)材不接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，為的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是減少成型(xing)表面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擦劃傷(shang)，此外，如(ru)此結構也將便于(yu)成型(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工和隨后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用與維護等。上(shang)、下輥(gun)(gun)(gun)斜(xie)角采(cai)取圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)過渡(du)，一般情況(kuang)下，圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)徑應(ying)大于(yu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)厚(hou)，所(suo)以(yi)圖(tu)5-43所(suo)示的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)三(san)(san)架上(shang)、下輥(gun)(gun)(gun)斜(xie)角的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)過渡(du)直(zhi)徑為2.0mm,見(jian)圖(tu)5-43局部放(fang)大圖(tu)。

3. 縱(zong)向波紋的(de)成型

 縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)的(de)成(cheng)型(xing)是(shi)(shi)在橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)成(cheng)型(xing)之后的(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)上(shang)成(cheng)型(xing)的(de)。所以在已(yi)成(cheng)型(xing)的(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)上(shang)再成(cheng)型(xing)縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)是(shi)(shi)有難度的(de)。其難度主要(yao)表現為(wei)，可能破壞已(yi)成(cheng)型(xing)的(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)，而且(qie)縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)也成(cheng)型(xing)不(bu)好。選用(yong)何種方式成(cheng)型(xing)就成(cheng)為(wei)縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)成(cheng)型(xing)的(de)關鍵。

 沖壓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)就是(shi)在(zai)一對成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)上(shang)，按工藝和(he)(he)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，在(zai)要面上(shang)間隙(xi)分布著凸起(qi)和(he)(he)凹陷的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分，用(yong)于(yu)壓制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波紋(wen)，同時(shi)又不(bu)能(neng)損壞(huai)已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)梯形(xing)(xing)波紋(wen)，縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波紋(wen)尺(chi)寸圖及(ji)實物圖片，見(jian)(jian)圖5-40和(he)(he)圖5-41。之所以將沖壓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)置(zhi)于(yu)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波紋(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)后、平整輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)前，是(shi)為了保證瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)和(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。可以想(xiang)象(xiang)，在(zai)沒(mei)有(you)(you)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波紋(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平板(ban)帶材(cai)(cai)上(shang)沖壓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凸起(qi)和(he)(he)凹陷型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)，由(you)于(yu)自由(you)度大沒(mei)有(you)(you)約束力(li)，沖壓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)會造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)坯料局部(bu)(bu)收(shou)縮(suo)，產(chan)生皺折及(ji)其(qi)他缺陷，影響成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)和(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸。另外，瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)截面受材(cai)(cai)料內部(bu)(bu)殘余應力(li)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，很(hen)容易產(chan)生扭轉(zhuan)，這也會影響成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性。但在(zai)瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波紋(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)后、平整輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)前，再用(yong)沖壓輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)其(qi)縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波紋(wen)，此(ci)時(shi)，已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波紋(wen)使瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)剛度增大，同時(shi)又受到(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)和(he)(he)平整輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)約束，其(qi)自由(you)度就減小(xiao)。以上(shang)這些都可以有(you)(you)效(xiao)地防止局部(bu)(bu)收(shou)縮(suo)和(he)(he)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)扭轉(zhuan)，從而對保證瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)起(qi)到(dao)有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波紋(wen)沖壓輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)示意圖，見(jian)(jian)圖5-44。

 沖壓成型(xing)輥(gun)也應做成組(zu)合式(shi)輥(gun)子(zi)(zi)，即由多輥(gun)片疊加(jia)組(zu)合而(er)成。這(zhe)種形式(shi)的(de)輥(gun)子(zi)(zi)便(bian)于加(jia)工和維護，調整使(shi)用方便(bian)。