不銹鋼冷軋工藝流程為：熱軋鋼卷準備-熱卷退火酸洗一鋼卷研磨-冷軋-冷軋帶鋼退火酸洗-調質軋制一精加工研磨一精整，不銹鋼的冷軋生產工藝流程如圖2-2-2所示。
經酸洗后(hou)(hou)的原料(liao)表(biao)面(mian)若有缺陷或(huo)成(cheng)(cheng)品表(biao)面(mian)要求極高(gao)時，不能(neng)(neng)直接(jie)軋(ya)制(zhi)，需要對(dui)原料(liao)進(jin)行修磨后(hou)(hou)才能(neng)(neng)軋(ya)制(zhi)。軋(ya)制(zhi)一(yi)般能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個軋(ya)程內(nei)完成(cheng)(cheng)，需要兩(liang)個或(huo)兩(liang)個以上(shang)軋(ya)程時，必須經過中間軟化(hua)退火(huo)，就(jiu)增加了軋(ya)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)本。在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個軋(ya)程內(nei)完成(cheng)(cheng)軋(ya)制(zhi)，往(wang)往(wang)根據產(chan)品厚(hou)度來選擇原料(liao)厚(hou)度。
不(bu)銹鋼冷(leng)軋工序的主體裝備非常復雜，生產全線主要包括以下設備：
1. 原料退火酸洗設備
原料退火酸(suan)洗線(xian)又稱熱線(xian)，主要包括退火和酸(suan)洗兩(liang)個(ge)功能(neng)，主要設(she)備組成有(you)開卷機、焊(han)機、活套(tao)、退火爐、冷卻段、破鱗機、拋丸機、酸(suan)洗部分、卷取機。根據(ju)不同的需要，部分原料酸(suan)洗線(xian)還(huan)會配備軋(ya)制、平整、切邊等功能(neng)設(she)備。
2. 軋機設備
一般而(er)言，不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝中用(yong)來生(sheng)(sheng)產不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)是二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)輥(gun)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。因(yin)其具有良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛(gang)(gang)度(du)(du)(du)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)過程(cheng)中有廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。多(duo)(duo)采用(yong)熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)3.0～5.5毫(hao)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)產品，經(jing)過冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓延加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之后，生(sheng)(sheng)產成不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)產品。當前不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)主(zhu)要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝為三大(da)(da)(da)類(lei)：不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)單機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)多(duo)(duo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)。由于(yu)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)金屬再(zai)結晶(jing)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)以(yi)下進(jin)行，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)低(di)，因(yin)此在(zai)(zai)(zai)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)中，金屬變形抗力增大(da)(da)(da)、軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)壓力增高、同時(shi)金屬塑形降低(di)、容易(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)脆裂，這種(zhong)(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)被稱為加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)硬(ying)化(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)。當鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)種(zhong)(zhong)一定(ding)時(shi)，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)硬(ying)化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)與變形程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)有關，變形量加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)硬(ying)化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)。當加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)硬(ying)化(hua)達到一定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)時(shi)，就不(bu)(bu)(bu)能繼續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)。因(yin)此，冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)板帶(dai)材(cai)經(jing)受一定(ding)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)總變形后，往往需(xu)要(yao)經(jing)軟化(hua)熱處理（再(zai)結晶(jing)退火或(huo)固溶處理等(deng)），使之恢復塑性、降低(di)抗力，以(yi)利于(yu)繼續加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。為實(shi)現(xian)高效(xiao)率、高精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)生(sheng)(sheng)產，必須采用(yong)剛(gang)(gang)性大(da)(da)(da)、小(xiao)直徑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)輥(gun)和(he)大(da)(da)(da)張力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)輥(gun)可(ke)逆式軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成卷軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)，是不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯著特點。最初(chu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)多(duo)(duo)采用(yong)四輥(gun)可(ke)逆式軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。這種(zhong)(zhong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)由于(yu)剛(gang)(gang)性不(bu)(bu)(bu)足，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)高，而(er)且工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)輥(gun)、支承輥(gun)、牌坊都(dou)(dou)很(hen)龐大(da)(da)(da)，針對這種(zhong)(zhong)情況開發出了(le)包(bao)括八輥(gun)、十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)輥(gun)、二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)輥(gun)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)輥(gun)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中具有代(dai)表性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)輥(gun)森(sen)吉米(mi)爾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。目前不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)數(shu)采用(yong)這種(zhong)(zhong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。森(sen)吉米(mi)爾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)絕(jue)大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)都(dou)(dou)是單機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)產。
3. 成品(pin)退火(huo)酸洗設(she)備(bei)
成品(pin)退(tui)火(huo)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)主(zhu)要是使經(jing)冷軋后(hou)的(de)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)通過(guo)退(tui)火(huo)軟(ruan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，得(de)到要求的(de)性能，并通過(guo)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)消除退(tui)火(huo)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)生(sheng)成的(de)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)皮(pi)等雜質，進一步提高帶鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)質量。目前世界(jie)上成熟的(de)爐(lu)(lu)型有周期式(shi)退(tui)火(huo)爐(lu)(lu)和(he)連續式(shi)退(tui)火(huo)爐(lu)(lu)。連續爐(lu)(lu)主(zhu)要有臥式(shi)爐(lu)(lu)和(he)立式(shi)爐(lu)(lu)兩種。立式(shi)爐(lu)(lu)（俗稱(cheng)光亮(liang)爐(lu)(lu)）主(zhu)要用于生(sheng)產厚度(du)為0.2～2毫米的(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)等級為BA的(de)鏡面(mian)板(ban)，且(qie)受現有馬弗爐(lu)(lu)長度(du)的(de)限(xian)制，其產量很低(di)。而臥式(shi)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)產量高，且(qie)其產品(pin)規格范圍廣，生(sheng)產表(biao)(biao)面(mian)等級為2B或2D的(de)普(pu)通冷軋產品(pin)。近年來(lai)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)工(gong)藝和(he)設(she)備正越來(lai)越為適應環保和(he)改善工(gong)作條件而不(bu)斷改進，酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)工(gong)藝先(xian)后(hou)經(jing)歷了化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)、H2SO4電(dian)(dian)解(jie)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)＋化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)、堿液（鹽浴）＋電(dian)(dian)解(jie)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)＋化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)、中(zhong)性鹽電(dian)(dian)解(jie)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)＋化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)等階段，工(gong)藝流程(cheng)為：1號(hao)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)槽-2號(hao)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)槽-3號(hao)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)槽-1號(hao)刷(shua)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)機-4號(hao)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)槽-2號(hao)刷(shua)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)機-5號(hao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)槽-6號(hao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)槽一預清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)-3號(hao)刷(shua)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)機一最終(zhong)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)一烘(hong)干(gan)機。
4. 精整設備
精(jing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)使冷軋板(ban)帶(dai)(dai)鋼(gang)成為交貨狀(zhuang)態產(chan)品的(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程，其目的(de)(de)是(shi)保證產(chan)品的(de)(de)實物要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)和(he)質量。精(jing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)包(bao)括(kuo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、縱切、橫切、拉矯等(deng)工(gong)序。有時根據用(yong)戶(hu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)進行修磨(mo)，獲得(de)磨(mo)砂板(ban)、發紋板(ban)等(deng)。帶(dai)(dai)鋼(gang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)改善板(ban)形，確保鋼(gang)板(ban)的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)直(zhi)度符合(he)用(yong)戶(hu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。對于某些(xie)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)鋼(gang)種，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)經過(guo)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)延伸能夠改善帶(dai)(dai)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)力學性能。此外，帶(dai)(dai)鋼(gang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)還(huan)可(ke)以按用(yong)戶(hu)需要(yao)(yao)確保帶(dai)(dai)鋼(gang)表(biao)面光潔度或(huo)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)粗糙(cao)度。同時通(tong)過(guo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)作輥面，帶(dai)(dai)鋼(gang)表(biao)面還(huan)可(ke)以得(de)到一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)花紋圖案(an)。橫縱切、拉矯主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)把(ba)帶(dai)(dai)鋼(gang)加工(gong)成具有用(yong)戶(hu)所(suo)需要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)尺寸和(he)單位質量的(de)(de)板(ban)、帶(dai)(dai)卷材。
至德鋼業，我們(men)根據(ju)您的(de)實際需(xu)求，給出參考建議，為您提供(gong)高性價比的(de)不銹(xiu)鋼管道(dao)及(ji)配件。
