不銹鋼冷軋工藝流程為：熱軋鋼卷準備-熱卷退火酸洗一鋼卷研磨-冷軋-冷軋帶鋼退火酸洗-調質軋制一精加工研磨一精整，不(bu)銹鋼(gang)的冷軋生產工藝流程如圖2-2-2所示。
經(jing)酸洗(xi)后的原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)表面(mian)若有缺陷或成品表面(mian)要求(qiu)極高時，不能直接軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)，需要對(dui)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)行(xing)修(xiu)磨后才能軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)。軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)般能在一(yi)個軋(ya)(ya)程內完(wan)成，需要兩(liang)個或兩(liang)個以上軋(ya)(ya)程時，必(bi)須經(jing)過中間軟化退火，就增(zeng)加了軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)成本(ben)。在一(yi)個軋(ya)(ya)程內完(wan)成軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)，往往根據產品厚度來選擇(ze)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)厚度。
不銹鋼冷軋工序的主體裝備非常復雜，生產全線主要包括以下設備：
1. 原(yuan)料退火酸洗設備
原(yuan)料退火(huo)酸洗(xi)線(xian)又(you)稱熱線(xian)，主(zhu)要(yao)包括退火(huo)和酸洗(xi)兩個功能(neng)，主(zhu)要(yao)設備組成有開卷(juan)機、焊機、活套(tao)、退火(huo)爐(lu)、冷卻段、破(po)鱗機、拋丸機、酸洗(xi)部(bu)分、卷(juan)取機。根據不(bu)同的需要(yao)，部(bu)分原(yuan)料酸洗(xi)線(xian)還會配(pei)備軋制、平整(zheng)、切邊等(deng)功能(neng)設備。
2. 軋機設備
一般(ban)而言，不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)來生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)二十輥(gun)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)。因其(qi)具有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)剛(gang)度(du)(du)，在生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)廣泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)。多采用(yong)熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)厚(hou)度(du)(du)在3.0～5.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)產(chan)品(pin)，經(jing)過(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設備的(de)(de)壓延(yan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)后，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)產(chan)品(pin)。當前(qian)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)主(zhu)要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為三(san)大(da)類(lei)：不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)單機(ji)架(jia)(jia)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)多機(ji)架(jia)(jia)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制。由(you)于冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)在金(jin)屬再結(jie)晶溫度(du)(du)以下進(jin)行，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)溫度(du)(du)低，因此在冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，金(jin)屬變形(xing)抗(kang)力(li)增(zeng)大(da)、軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制壓力(li)增(zeng)高(gao)、同時金(jin)屬塑形(xing)降(jiang)低、容(rong)易產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)脆裂，這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象被稱(cheng)為加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)硬化現(xian)象。當鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)種(zhong)一定(ding)(ding)時，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)硬化程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)與變形(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)有(you)關，變形(xing)量加(jia)(jia)大(da)，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)硬化程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)大(da)。當加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)硬化達(da)到(dao)一定(ding)(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)時，就不(bu)(bu)能(neng)繼續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制。因此，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)板帶材經(jing)受一定(ding)(ding)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)總變形(xing)后，往往需要(yao)經(jing)軟化熱(re)處(chu)理(li)（再結(jie)晶退火或固溶(rong)處(chu)理(li)等(deng)），使之(zhi)恢(hui)復塑性、降(jiang)低抗(kang)力(li)，以利于繼續加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。為實現(xian)高(gao)效(xiao)率、高(gao)精度(du)(du)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，必須(xu)采用(yong)剛(gang)性大(da)、小(xiao)直徑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作輥(gun)和大(da)張力(li)的(de)(de)多輥(gun)可(ke)逆式(shi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)成(cheng)卷軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制，是(shi)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)顯著特點。最初，不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)多采用(yong)四輥(gun)可(ke)逆式(shi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)。這(zhe)種(zhong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)由(you)于剛(gang)性不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制精度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)高(gao)，而且工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作輥(gun)、支承輥(gun)、牌坊都很龐(pang)大(da)，針對這(zhe)種(zhong)情況開發(fa)出了包括(kuo)八輥(gun)、十二輥(gun)、二十輥(gun)等(deng)的(de)(de)多輥(gun)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)。不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)代表性的(de)(de)是(shi)二十輥(gun)森(sen)吉米(mi)(mi)爾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)。目前(qian)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)多數采用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)。森(sen)吉米(mi)(mi)爾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)絕(jue)大(da)部(bu)分都是(shi)單機(ji)架(jia)(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。
3. 成品退火酸洗(xi)設備
成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)退火酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗主要是使經冷(leng)軋后的(de)不(bu)銹鋼通過(guo)(guo)退火軟(ruan)化(hua)，得(de)到要求(qiu)的(de)性能，并通過(guo)(guo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗消除退火過(guo)(guo)程中生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)氧化(hua)皮等雜質(zhi)，進一(yi)(yi)步提高帶鋼的(de)表面(mian)質(zhi)量。目(mu)前世界上成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)型(xing)有周期式退火爐(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)連續式退火爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。連續爐(lu)(lu)(lu)主要有臥式爐(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)立(li)式爐(lu)(lu)(lu)兩種(zhong)。立(li)式爐(lu)(lu)(lu)（俗稱光亮爐(lu)(lu)(lu)）主要用于(yu)生(sheng)產厚度(du)為(wei)0.2～2毫米的(de)表面(mian)等級為(wei)BA的(de)鏡(jing)面(mian)板，且受現有馬弗爐(lu)(lu)(lu)長度(du)的(de)限制，其產量很低。而臥式爐(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)產量高，且其產品(pin)規格范圍廣(guang)，生(sheng)產表面(mian)等級為(wei)2B或2D的(de)普通冷(leng)軋產品(pin)。近年來酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗工藝(yi)和(he)設備(bei)正(zheng)越來越為(wei)適應環保和(he)改(gai)善工作條件而不(bu)斷改(gai)進，酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗工藝(yi)先后經歷了化(hua)學(xue)(xue)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗、H2SO4電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗＋化(hua)學(xue)(xue)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗、堿(jian)液(ye)（鹽(yan)浴）＋電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗＋化(hua)學(xue)(xue)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗、中性鹽(yan)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗＋化(hua)學(xue)(xue)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗等階(jie)段，工藝(yi)流程為(wei)：1號(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽-2號(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽-3號(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽-1號(hao)(hao)刷(shua)(shua)洗機-4號(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽-2號(hao)(hao)刷(shua)(shua)洗機-5號(hao)(hao)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)槽-6號(hao)(hao)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)槽一(yi)(yi)預清洗-3號(hao)(hao)刷(shua)(shua)洗機一(yi)(yi)最終清洗一(yi)(yi)烘干機。
4. 精整設備
精整(zheng)(zheng)是使冷軋板(ban)帶(dai)鋼成(cheng)為(wei)交(jiao)貨狀態產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程，其(qi)目的(de)(de)(de)是保(bao)證產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)實物要(yao)(yao)求和質量(liang)。精整(zheng)(zheng)包括平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)、縱切(qie)、橫切(qie)、拉矯等(deng)工(gong)(gong)序。有時根(gen)據用戶要(yao)(yao)求還要(yao)(yao)進行修(xiu)磨，獲得磨砂板(ban)、發紋板(ban)等(deng)。帶(dai)鋼平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是改(gai)善板(ban)形，確(que)保(bao)鋼板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)直(zhi)度(du)符合用戶要(yao)(yao)求。對于某些特(te)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)鋼種，平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)經過(guo)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)延(yan)伸能(neng)夠改(gai)善帶(dai)鋼的(de)(de)(de)力學性能(neng)。此外，帶(dai)鋼平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)還可(ke)以按用戶需(xu)要(yao)(yao)確(que)保(bao)帶(dai)鋼表面光潔(jie)度(du)或一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)粗糙度(du)。同時通過(guo)平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)作輥(gun)面，帶(dai)鋼表面還可(ke)以得到一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)花紋圖(tu)案。橫縱切(qie)、拉矯主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是把(ba)帶(dai)鋼加(jia)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)具有用戶所需(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸和單位質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)板(ban)、帶(dai)卷材。
至德鋼(gang)業，我們根據(ju)您的實際需求，給出參(can)考(kao)建議(yi)，為您提供高性價比的不銹鋼(gang)管道及配件。
