隨著石油、天然氣、鍋爐、建筑等行業的不斷發展,在使用條件、節能降耗、產品性能等方面對不銹鋼管提出了越來越高的要求。在常規熱軋不銹鋼管生產過程中,管坯成型歷經高溫穿孔、軋制以及定徑等工藝。產品受到圓形中空斷面形狀及生產工藝制約,缺乏更為有效的組織和性能調控手段,導致其性能提升僅能依靠添加合金元素及后續離線熱處理工序,給高品質不銹鋼管材開發以及生產成本、制造效率和能源消耗控制等帶來諸多不利影響。


  控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)與控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)冷卻工(gong)藝(yi)(控(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)冷,TMCP)可綜(zong)合(he)利(li)用細(xi)晶強化(hua)、析出(chu)強化(hua)和相變(bian)強化(hua)等(deng)強化(hua)機(ji)制(zhi),是有(you)效在(zai)線(xian)(xian)調(diao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)組織、顯(xian)著提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)材(cai)料性(xing)能的(de)(de)重要手段。經三十余年快(kuai)速發展(zhan),控(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)冷技術(shu)已廣泛應用于熱(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)板帶鋼(gang)(gang)、型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)、棒線(xian)(xian)材(cai)等(deng)領(ling)域。然而,熱(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)有(you)別(bie)于熱(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)板帶鋼(gang)(gang)等(deng)鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)門類,不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)變(bian)形和成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)后的(de)(de)冷卻工(gong)藝(yi)與常規控(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)冷工(gong)藝(yi)示(shi)(shi)意圖如圖6-63所示(shi)(shi)。熱(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)高溫(wen)穿軋(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)生產工(gong)藝(yi)條件(jian)使得控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)技術(shu)的(de)(de)應用受到(dao)極大(da)限制(zhi),環形斷面(mian)的(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)特(te)點使得控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)冷卻技術(shu)的(de)(de)開發難度(du)很(hen)大(da),嚴重制(zhi)約了基于控(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)冷的(de)(de)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)組織性(xing)能調(diao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)技術(shu)在(zai)該領(ling)域的(de)(de)應用和發展(zhan),熱(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)產品的(de)(de)強度(du)、韌性(xing)和焊接性(xing)等(deng)綜(zong)合(he)性(xing)能的(de)(de)全面(mian)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)臨瓶頸。因此,實現(xian)熱(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)過程的(de)(de)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)組織性(xing)能調(diao)控(kong)(kong)(kong),是熱(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)領(ling)域長期以來的(de)(de)重點攻關方向之一。


圖 63.jpg


  針對熱(re)軋不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)線(xian)組織性(xing)能調控(kong)(kong)工業化技(ji)(ji)術,其(qi)相關機(ji)理(li)及(ji)核(he)心機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)期以(yi)來未取(qu)得有效(xiao)突(tu)破。首先,在(zai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)軋制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)面,由(you)(you)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)熱(re)加工過(guo)程中需要(yao)經歷復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)型工序(xu),為降低(di)變(bian)形(xing)抗力以(yi)保證軋制(zhi)(zhi)工序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)順進行(xing)(xing),管(guan)(guan)(guan)坯的(de)(de)(de)加熱(re)溫(wen)度(du)往(wang)往(wang)較高,同時(shi)(shi)要(yao)在(zai)盡可能高的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)下連續完成(cheng)穿孔及(ji)軋制(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)程,為此難以(yi)實現通過(guo)低(di)溫(wen)軋制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)軋制(zhi)(zhi)工藝對奧(ao)氏體組織狀(zhuang)態進行(xing)(xing)調控(kong)(kong)。其(qi)次,在(zai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)卻(que)方(fang)(fang)面,盡管(guan)(guan)(guan)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)形(xing)狀(zhuang)簡單,但(dan)特殊的(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)斷面特征使得其(qi)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勻(yun)化冷(leng)卻(que)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)顯著區(qu)別于(yu)板(ban)帶(dai)鋼(gang)及(ji)其(qi)他類型鋼(gang)材。例如,沿不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)圓周(zhou)方(fang)(fang)向均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勻(yun)對稱的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)卻(que)水布(bu)置并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能使鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)達到均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勻(yun)化的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)果,這其(qi)中必然(ran)存在(zai)異于(yu)傳統理(li)念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)斷面下的(de)(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勻(yun)化冷(leng)卻(que)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。由(you)(you)于(yu)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勻(yun)冷(leng)卻(que)機(ji)理(li)及(ji)其(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)研究進展(zhan)有限,導致控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)卻(que)過(guo)程中的(de)(de)(de)組織性(xing)能均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勻(yun)性(xing)以(yi)及(ji)冷(leng)卻(que)不(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)彎管(guan)(guan)(guan)事故無(wu)法有效(xiao)解(jie)決(jue),在(zai)較長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)了(le)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)卻(que)技(ji)(ji)術在(zai)熱(re)軋不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)和(he)應用。