隨著石油、天然氣、鍋爐、建筑等行業的不斷發展，在使用條件、節能降耗、產品性能等方面對不銹鋼管提出了越來越高的要求。在常規熱軋不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼管生產過程中，管坯成型歷經高溫穿孔、軋制以及定徑等工藝。產品受到圓形中空斷面形狀及生產工藝制約，缺乏更為有效的組織和性能調控手段，導致其性能提升僅能依靠添加合金元素及后續離線熱處理工序，給高品質不銹鋼管材開發以及生產成本、制造效率和能源消耗控制等帶來諸多不利影響。

  控(kong)(kong)制軋(ya)(ya)制與控(kong)(kong)制冷(leng)卻工(gong)(gong)藝（控(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)冷(leng)，TMCP）可綜合利用細晶強(qiang)化、析(xi)出強(qiang)化和相(xiang)變強(qiang)化等(deng)(deng)強(qiang)化機制，是有效在(zai)線(xian)調控(kong)(kong)熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)鋼(gang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)、顯著提升材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)重要(yao)手(shou)段。經(jing)三十余年快速發(fa)展(zhan)，控(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)冷(leng)技(ji)術已廣泛應用于熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)板帶鋼(gang)、型鋼(gang)、棒線(xian)材(cai)(cai)(cai)等(deng)(deng)領域。然而，熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)無縫鋼(gang)管有別(bie)于熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)板帶鋼(gang)等(deng)(deng)鋼(gang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)門類，不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管軋(ya)(ya)制變形(xing)和成型后的(de)(de)冷(leng)卻工(gong)(gong)藝與常規(gui)控(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)冷(leng)工(gong)(gong)藝示(shi)意圖如圖6-63所示(shi)。熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)無縫鋼(gang)管高溫(wen)穿軋(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產工(gong)(gong)藝條件使(shi)得(de)控(kong)(kong)制軋(ya)(ya)制技(ji)術的(de)(de)應用受(shou)到極大(da)限制，環形(xing)斷面的(de)(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)特點(dian)使(shi)得(de)控(kong)(kong)制冷(leng)卻技(ji)術的(de)(de)開發(fa)難度很大(da)，嚴(yan)重制約了(le)基于控(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)冷(leng)的(de)(de)在(zai)線(xian)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)能調控(kong)(kong)技(ji)術在(zai)該領域的(de)(de)應用和發(fa)展(zhan)，熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)無縫鋼(gang)管產品的(de)(de)強(qiang)度、韌性(xing)(xing)和焊接(jie)性(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)綜合性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)全面提升面臨瓶頸。因(yin)此，實現熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管的(de)(de)成型和成型過程(cheng)的(de)(de)在(zai)線(xian)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)能調控(kong)(kong)，是熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)無縫鋼(gang)管領域長期以(yi)來的(de)(de)重點(dian)攻關方向之一。

  針對熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)不銹鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)的在(zai)(zai)線組織性能(neng)調控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)工(gong)業化技術，其(qi)相關(guan)機(ji)理(li)及核心機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)期以來未取得有效(xiao)突(tu)破。首先，在(zai)(zai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)面(mian)，由(you)于(yu)不銹鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)熱加工(gong)過程中需要(yao)經歷復雜(za)的成型(xing)(xing)工(gong)序，為(wei)降(jiang)低變形(xing)抗力以保(bao)證軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)序的穩順進(jin)行(xing)，管(guan)(guan)坯的加熱溫度(du)往往較(jiao)高(gao)，同時(shi)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)盡可(ke)能(neng)高(gao)的溫度(du)下連續完成穿孔及軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過程，為(wei)此難(nan)以實現通過低溫軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)藝對奧氏體組織狀(zhuang)態進(jin)行(xing)調控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。其(qi)次，在(zai)(zai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)方(fang)面(mian)，盡管(guan)(guan)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)形(xing)狀(zhuang)簡單，但特殊(shu)的環形(xing)斷面(mian)特征使得其(qi)均(jun)勻(yun)化冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顯著區別于(yu)板帶(dai)鋼(gang)(gang)及其(qi)他類型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)材。例如，沿不銹鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)圓周方(fang)向(xiang)均(jun)勻(yun)對稱的冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)水布(bu)置并不能(neng)使鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)達到均(jun)勻(yun)化的冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)果，這其(qi)中必然存在(zai)(zai)異(yi)于(yu)傳統(tong)理(li)念的環形(xing)斷面(mian)下的均(jun)勻(yun)化冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由(you)于(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)的均(jun)勻(yun)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)機(ji)理(li)及其(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的研究進(jin)展有限，導(dao)致控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)過程中的組織性能(neng)均(jun)勻(yun)性以及冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)不均(jun)造成的彎管(guan)(guan)事故無法(fa)(fa)有效(xiao)解決(jue)，在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)長(chang)時(shi)間制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約了控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)技術在(zai)(zai)熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)不銹鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)領域的發展和應用。