隨著石油、天然氣、鍋爐、建筑等行業的不斷發展，在使用條件、節能降耗、產品性能等方面對不銹鋼管提出了越來越高的要求。在常規熱軋不銹鋼管生產過程中，管坯成型歷經高溫穿孔、軋制以及定徑等工藝。產品受到圓形中空斷面形狀及生產工藝制約，缺乏更為有效的組織和性能調控手段，導致其性能提升僅能依靠添加合金元素及后續離線熱處理工序，給高品質不銹鋼管材開發以及生產成本、制造效率和能源消耗控制等帶來諸多不利影響。

  控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)與控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)卻工(gong)藝（控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)，TMCP）可綜(zong)合利用(yong)(yong)細晶強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、析出強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)相(xiang)變強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)等強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)機制(zhi)(zhi)，是有(you)效(xiao)在(zai)線(xian)調(diao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材組織(zhi)、顯著提(ti)升材料性(xing)能(neng)的(de)重要手段。經三十余年(nian)快速(su)發展(zhan)，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)技(ji)術已(yi)廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)板(ban)帶(dai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)、型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)、棒(bang)線(xian)材等領域。然而(er)，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)有(you)別于(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)板(ban)帶(dai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)等鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材門類，不銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)變形(xing)和(he)成(cheng)型(xing)后的(de)冷(leng)卻工(gong)藝與常(chang)規(gui)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)工(gong)藝示意圖如圖6-63所示。熱(re)(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)高溫穿軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)藝條件使(shi)得(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術的(de)應用(yong)(yong)受到(dao)極(ji)大限制(zhi)(zhi)，環形(xing)斷面的(de)形(xing)狀特(te)點(dian)使(shi)得(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)卻技(ji)術的(de)開發難(nan)度很大，嚴重制(zhi)(zhi)約了基于(yu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)的(de)在(zai)線(xian)組織(zhi)性(xing)能(neng)調(diao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技(ji)術在(zai)該(gai)領域的(de)應用(yong)(yong)和(he)發展(zhan)，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)產(chan)品的(de)強(qiang)度、韌性(xing)和(he)焊接性(xing)等綜(zong)合性(xing)能(neng)的(de)全面提(ti)升面臨瓶頸(jing)。因(yin)此，實現熱(re)(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)成(cheng)型(xing)和(he)成(cheng)型(xing)過程的(de)在(zai)線(xian)組織(zhi)性(xing)能(neng)調(diao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，是熱(re)(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)領域長(chang)期以來的(de)重點(dian)攻關(guan)方向之一(yi)。

  針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)線組(zu)織性能(neng)調控(kong)工(gong)業化(hua)技術，其(qi)(qi)相關機理及(ji)核心機制(zhi)長期以(yi)來未取得(de)(de)有效突(tu)破(po)。首先(xian)，在(zai)(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)方面，由于(yu)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)熱(re)加(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)需要經歷復雜的(de)(de)(de)成型(xing)工(gong)序，為(wei)降(jiang)低變形(xing)(xing)抗(kang)力以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)工(gong)序的(de)(de)(de)穩順進行，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)坯的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)熱(re)溫度往(wang)往(wang)較高，同(tong)時要在(zai)(zai)盡可(ke)能(neng)高的(de)(de)(de)溫度下(xia)連(lian)續完(wan)成穿孔及(ji)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)過(guo)程，為(wei)此(ci)難以(yi)實現通過(guo)低溫軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)工(gong)藝對(dui)(dui)奧氏體組(zu)織狀態進行調控(kong)。其(qi)(qi)次(ci)，在(zai)(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)方面，盡管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)形(xing)(xing)狀簡單，但特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)斷面特(te)征使得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)化(hua)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)機制(zhi)顯(xian)著區(qu)別于(yu)板帶鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)他類型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材。例如(ru)，沿不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)圓周方向均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)對(dui)(dui)稱的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)水布(bu)置并(bing)不(bu)能(neng)使鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)達到均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)效果(guo)，這(zhe)其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)必然存在(zai)(zai)異于(yu)傳統理念的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)斷面下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)化(hua)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)機制(zhi)。由于(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)機理及(ji)其(qi)(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)研究進展有限(xian)，導致控(kong)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織性能(neng)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)性以(yi)及(ji)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)不(bu)均(jun)(jun)造成的(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)事故無法(fa)有效解(jie)決，在(zai)(zai)較長時間制(zhi)約了(le)控(kong)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)技術在(zai)(zai)熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)發展和(he)應用。