1. 標(biao)準的演(yan)變歷史和意義
GB/T 9948的歷次版本為:《石(shi)油裂(lie)化用(yong)鋼(gang)管》(YB 237-1963、YB237-1970),主(zhu)編(bian)單位(wei)為鞍(an)鋼(gang);《石(shi)油裂(lie)化用(yong)無縫鋼(gang)管》(GB 9948-1988),主(zhu)編(bian)單位(wei)為鞍(an)鋼(gang)、(GB 9948-2006),主(zhu)編(bian)單位(wei)為鞍(an)鋼(gang)、(GB 9948-2013),主(zhu)編(bian)單位(wei)為攀成鋼(gang)、(GB/T 9948-2013,強標(biao)轉推(tui)標(biao))。
石化工業是國民經濟建(jian)設中重要的基礎(chu)工業之一。隨(sui)著我國(guo)經濟的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)技術正朝(chao)著油(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、深(shen)度加(jia)工(gong)(gong)以(yi)及生產(chan)過程清潔高(gao)(gao)效化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)廠建設(she)、設(she)備(bei)制造(zao)和(he)運營維護中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)材料。石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)用(yong)(yong)無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)況特點是(shi)高(gao)(gao)溫(或低溫)、高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)和(he)高(gao)(gao)腐蝕(shi)性,接觸介(jie)質(zhi)往往是(shi)有(you)毒、有(you)害、易(yi)燃和(he)易(yi)爆等(deng)危(wei)險品(pin)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)用(yong)(yong)無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)尤(you)其以(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)廠的(de)(de)(de)爐(lu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、熱交換器管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)輸(shu)送(song)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)量最大。隨(sui)著我國(guo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)原(yuan)油(you)結構的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(原(yuan)油(you)中(zhong)平均(jun)硫含量從目前的(de)(de)(de)1.0%左(zuo)右上升到2.0%以(yi)上),以(yi)及石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置不斷(duan)(duan)朝(chao)著大型(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),煉化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)新工(gong)(gong)藝、新裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)不斷(duan)(duan)采用(yong)(yong),對無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種和(he)質(zhi)量均(jun)提(ti)出(chu)了(le)更高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。同(tong)時,國(guo)內無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)制造(zao)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)水平和(he)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量也不斷(duan)(duan)提(ti)高(gao)(gao),在大型(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)品(pin)種開(kai)發(fa)(fa)方(fang)面也取得明顯突破(po)。歷次版本標準(zhun),緊密結合了(le)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)特點,支撐了(le)我國(guo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。
2. 主要技術內容(rong)
本標準涉及優質碳素結構鋼2個牌號、合金結構鋼7個牌號、不(bu)銹鋼4個牌號,這些牌號基本涵蓋了目前石油煉化使用的材料。2013年版標準和2006年版相比,主要技術變化有:增加了最小壁厚交貨方式;加嚴了尺寸允許偏差;增加了12CrlMo、12Cr2Mo、12Cr1MoV、12Cr9Mo-1、12Cr9Mo-NT、07Cr19Ni11Ti、022Cr17Ni12Mo2等7個鋼牌號;修改了管坯的制造方法;修改了鋼管的熱處理制度;增加了晶間腐蝕要求;修改了無損檢測要求;增加了高優質碳素結構鋼鋼管用于含H2S環境的補充技術要求。
3. 國內外(wai)標準(zhun)對比及(ji)標準(zhun)水(shui)平
國(guo)外相關標(biao)(biao)準有《高溫(wen)用鐵素體合金(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)無(wu)(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)規范(fan)》(ASTMA335/A335M)、《鍋爐、過熱(re)器和(he)(he)換熱(re)器用鐵素體和(he)(he)奧(ao)氏體合金(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)無(wu)(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)規范(fan)》(ASTM A213/A213M)和(he)(he)《壓力(li)(li)用途的(de)無(wu)(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)交(jiao)貨技術條件第2部(bu)分:規定(ding)高溫(wen)性能(neng)的(de)非合金(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)和(he)(he)合金(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)》(EN 10216-2)等。綜(zong)合對比(bi)國(guo)內外標(biao)(biao)準,GB/T 9948在鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)化學(xue)成分、鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)力(li)(li)學(xue)性能(neng)、鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)檢驗項(xiang)目及指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)要求等方面均與(yu)國(guo)際標(biao)(biao)準和(he)(he)國(guo)外先(xian)進標(biao)(biao)準相當(dang)。《石油(you)裂化用無(wu)(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)》GB/T 9948的(de)標(biao)(biao)準水平(ping)為(wei)國(guo)際先(xian)進水平(ping)。