1. 制定標準的意義
GB/T 30584-2014為(wei)首次制定(ding),主(zhu)編(bian)單(dan)位(wei)為(wei)衡陽(yang)華(hua)菱(ling)鋼管有(you)限公(gong)司。
液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)是(shi)一種工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、建(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)用(yong)自行(xing)式起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji),是(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械中(zhong)技術含量(liang)高,制造工(gong)(gong)藝復雜(za),具有獨特(te)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)業產(chan)品,它(ta)具有起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)力大(da),轉彎半(ban)(ban)徑(jing)小,可(ke)吊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)走(zou),履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)對(dui)(dui)地面比壓(ya)小,對(dui)(dui)環境要求(qiu)低(di),作(zuo)(zuo)業穩定性(xing)好(hao),桁架組合(he)可(ke)自由更換(huan)等特(te)點,廣(guang)(guang)泛應用(yong)于搭(da)建(jian)(jian)橋梁(liang)、安(an)裝(zhuang)發(fa)電(dian)設(she)備、安(an)裝(zhuang)煉油設(she)備、架設(she)風力發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組以及建(jian)(jian)設(she)海上工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)平臺等施(shi)工(gong)(gong)項目。近年來,隨著(zhu)我國(guo)(guo)基礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的加強(qiang),國(guo)(guo)內履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)市(shi)場得到了(le)持續、快速壯大(da)。據(ju)資料統計我國(guo)(guo)每年銷量(liang)國(guo)(guo)內加進(jin)口的液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)在500臺以上。作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)一個重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要部(bu)件的組合(he)臂架,是(shi)承載(zai)關鍵部(bu)位,由3~12m的無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)焊接組合(he)而成(cheng),最大(da)吊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)力達350~1200t,吊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高度可(ke)達226m,最大(da)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)半(ban)(ban)徑(jing)可(ke)達160m以上。起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)臂架管(guan)要求(qiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)高強(qiang)度、高韌性(xing),良(liang)好(hao)的焊接性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。本標準發(fa)布后,對(dui)(dui)于鋼(gang)管(guan)的推廣(guang)(guang)應用(yong),規范鋼(gang)管(guan)的生產(chan)和驗收,提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)具有重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要意義。
2. 主要技術內(nei)容
按(an)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)噸(dun)位及使用部位,鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)強(qiang)(qiang)度可分為(wei)(wei)450MPa、770MPa和(he)(he)890MPa。其中450MPa級(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用于臂梁腹桿,770MPa級(ji)則主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用于起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)噸(dun)位為(wei)(wei)400t以(yi)(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)臂梁,而(er)890MPa級(ji)用于起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)噸(dun)位為(wei)(wei)400t以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)臂梁。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)牌號由代表(biao)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機臂架(jia)的(de)(de)“臂”“架(jia)”漢語拼音首位大(da)(da)寫字(zi)母和(he)(he)規(gui)定最(zui)小下(xia)屈服強(qiang)(qiang)度或(huo)塑(su)性(xing)延伸強(qiang)(qiang)度數(shu)值兩部分組(zu)成。熱軋(擠壓、擴)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)壁厚允(yun)許偏差為(wei)(wei)S%s冷拔(ba)(軋)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)壁厚允(yun)許偏差為(wei)(wei)±10%S。每(mei)米彎(wan)曲(qu)度應不大(da)(da)于1.5mm,全長彎(wan)曲(qu)度不大(da)(da)于鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)長度的(de)(de)0.10%,且不超過(guo)10mm。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)冶煉除經過(guo)爐外精煉外,還應經真空脫氣處理。BJ450鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)以(yi)(yi)正火(huo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態或(huo)調(diao)質(zhi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態交(jiao)貨(huo),BJ770、BJ890鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)以(yi)(yi)調(diao)質(zhi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態交(jiao)貨(huo)。力學(xue)性(xing)能包括(kuo)拉伸和(he)(he)沖擊,其中抗拉強(qiang)(qiang)度規(gui)定了最(zui)小和(he)(he)最(zui)大(da)(da)值,沖擊試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)溫度為(wei)(wei)-20℃。超聲(sheng)檢測(ce)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收等級(ji)為(wei)(wei)L3,或(huo)漏磁(ci)(ci)檢測(ce)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收等級(ji)L3,或(huo)渦流檢測(ce)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收等級(ji)B。渦流或(huo)漏磁(ci)(ci)探(tan)傷時,鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)每(mei)端剩磁(ci)(ci)不大(da)(da)于20Gs。
3. 國內外標準對(dui)比及標準水平
和(he)(he)(he)國外(wai)《機械結(jie)構(gou)用(yong)合(he)(he)金(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)》(JIS G 3441-2004)、《非合(he)(he)金(jin)結(jie)構(gou)鋼(gang)(gang)、細晶(jing)粒結(jie)構(gou)鋼(gang)(gang)熱軋鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)第(di)1部(bu)分:技術交貨(huo)條件(jian)》(EN 10210-1:2006)、《用(yong)于(yu)(yu)機械和(he)(he)(he)一(yi)般工程用(yong)途的無縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)交貨(huo)技術條件(jian)第(di)1部(bu)分非合(he)(he)金(jin)和(he)(he)(he)合(he)(he)金(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)》(EN 10297-1:2003)等相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比,本標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)熱管(guan)的外(wai)徑偏(pian)差與國外(wai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)一(yi)致,壁(bi)厚偏(pian)差嚴于(yu)(yu)三個(ge)國外(wai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun);長度(du)允(yun)許(xu)偏(pian)差與EN10210-1和(he)(he)(he)EN10297-1相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當,但嚴于(yu)(yu)JIS G3441;彎曲度(du)嚴于(yu)(yu)國外(wai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun);不圓度(du)、壁(bi)厚不均(jun)嚴于(yu)(yu)國外(wai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun);化學成分、交貨(huo)狀態、力學性能、沖擊吸收(shou)能量、無損檢測、端頭外(wai)形(xing)、表面(mian)質量等要求嚴于(yu)(yu)國外(wai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。本標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)水平為國際先進水平。