1. 制定標(biao)準的意義

   GB/T 30584-2014為首次制定，主編單位為衡陽(yang)華菱鋼管有限公司。

   液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)一種工(gong)(gong)程、建(jian)筑施工(gong)(gong)用(yong)自(zi)行式起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)，是(shi)工(gong)(gong)程機(ji)(ji)械中技術含量(liang)(liang)高，制造(zao)工(gong)(gong)藝復雜，具(ju)有獨(du)特性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)業產(chan)品，它具(ju)有起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)力大(da)，轉彎半徑(jing)小(xiao)，可吊(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行走，履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)對地面(mian)比壓(ya)小(xiao)，對環(huan)境要(yao)求低，作(zuo)業穩定性(xing)(xing)好，桁架(jia)組合(he)(he)可自(zi)由(you)(you)更(geng)換等特點，廣泛(fan)應用(yong)于(yu)搭(da)建(jian)橋梁、安(an)裝發電(dian)設(she)備(bei)、安(an)裝煉(lian)油(you)設(she)備(bei)、架(jia)設(she)風力發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組以及建(jian)設(she)海上工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)平臺等施工(gong)(gong)項目。近年(nian)來(lai)，隨(sui)著我(wo)國基礎設(she)施建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)加強，國內履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)市場得到了(le)持續、快(kuai)速(su)壯(zhuang)大(da)。據資料統計我(wo)國每年(nian)銷量(liang)(liang)國內加進口的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)在500臺以上。作(zuo)為液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)一個重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)部件的(de)(de)組合(he)(he)臂架(jia)，是(shi)承載關鍵(jian)部位，由(you)(you)3～12m的(de)(de)無縫鋼管焊接組合(he)(he)而成，最大(da)吊(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)力達(da)350～1200t，吊(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高度可達(da)226m，最大(da)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)半徑(jing)可達(da)160m以上。起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)臂架(jia)管要(yao)求鋼管高強度、高韌性(xing)(xing)，良好的(de)(de)焊接性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。本標(biao)準(zhun)發布后，對于(yu)鋼管的(de)(de)推廣應用(yong)，規范鋼管的(de)(de)生產(chan)和驗(yan)收，提升產(chan)品質量(liang)(liang)具(ju)有重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)意義。

2. 主要技(ji)術內(nei)容

   按(an)起重(zhong)機起重(zhong)噸(dun)位及使用(yong)(yong)部位，鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)可分(fen)為(wei)450MPa、770MPa和890MPa。其中(zhong)450MPa級(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)臂梁腹桿，770MPa級(ji)則主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)起重(zhong)噸(dun)位為(wei)400t以下的主(zhu)(zhu)臂梁，而890MPa級(ji)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)起重(zhong)噸(dun)位為(wei)400t以上的主(zhu)(zhu)臂梁。鋼(gang)的牌號由代表起重(zhong)機臂架的“臂”“架”漢語拼音首位大(da)(da)(da)(da)寫字母和規(gui)定最小下屈服(fu)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)或(huo)塑(su)性(xing)延伸(shen)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)數(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)兩部分(fen)組成。熱軋（擠(ji)壓、擴(kuo)）鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)壁厚允許(xu)(xu)偏(pian)(pian)差為(wei)S%s冷拔(ba)（軋）鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)壁厚允許(xu)(xu)偏(pian)(pian)差為(wei)±10％S。每米彎(wan)曲度(du)(du)應不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)1.5mm，全(quan)長(chang)彎(wan)曲度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)長(chang)度(du)(du)的0.10％，且不(bu)(bu)超(chao)過10mm。鋼(gang)的冶煉(lian)除經過爐外精(jing)煉(lian)外，還應經真空脫氣處理。BJ450鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)以正火(huo)狀態或(huo)調質(zhi)狀態交(jiao)貨，BJ770、BJ890鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)以調質(zhi)狀態交(jiao)貨。力(li)學性(xing)能包括拉伸(shen)和沖擊(ji)，其中(zhong)抗拉強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)規(gui)定了(le)最小和最大(da)(da)(da)(da)值(zhi)(zhi)，沖擊(ji)試驗(yan)溫度(du)(du)為(wei)-20℃。超(chao)聲檢(jian)測(ce)驗(yan)收(shou)等級(ji)為(wei)L3，或(huo)漏(lou)磁檢(jian)測(ce)驗(yan)收(shou)等級(ji)L3，或(huo)渦(wo)流(liu)檢(jian)測(ce)驗(yan)收(shou)等級(ji)B。渦(wo)流(liu)或(huo)漏(lou)磁探傷時，鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)每端剩磁不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)20Gs。

3. 國內外標(biao)(biao)準對比及標(biao)(biao)準水平

   和(he)國(guo)外(wai)(wai)《機械結構(gou)用(yong)(yong)合金(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)》（JIS G 3441-2004）、《非(fei)合金(jin)(jin)結構(gou)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)、細晶粒結構(gou)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)熱(re)軋鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)第1部分(fen)：技術交(jiao)貨(huo)條件(jian)》（EN 10210-1：2006）、《用(yong)(yong)于(yu)機械和(he)一般工程用(yong)(yong)途的無縫鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)交(jiao)貨(huo)技術條件(jian)第1部分(fen)非(fei)合金(jin)(jin)和(he)合金(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)》（EN 10297-1：2003）等相關標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)相比，本標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)熱(re)管(guan)的外(wai)(wai)徑偏差與國(guo)外(wai)(wai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)一致，壁厚偏差嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)于(yu)三個國(guo)外(wai)(wai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)；長(chang)度(du)允許偏差與EN10210-1和(he)EN10297-1相當，但嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)于(yu)JIS G3441；彎(wan)曲度(du)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)于(yu)國(guo)外(wai)(wai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)；不(bu)圓度(du)、壁厚不(bu)均嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)于(yu)國(guo)外(wai)(wai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)；化學成分(fen)、交(jiao)貨(huo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)、力(li)學性(xing)能(neng)、沖(chong)擊(ji)吸收能(neng)量(liang)、無損檢(jian)測(ce)、端頭(tou)外(wai)(wai)形、表面(mian)質(zhi)量(liang)等要求嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)于(yu)國(guo)外(wai)(wai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。本標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)水平為國(guo)際先進水平。