海(hai)(hai)洋石油(you)、天然(ran)氣開發的(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)可(ke)分為(wei)固定式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和移(yi)動(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)兩(liang)類(lei)。固定式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)又分為(wei)導管(guan)架(jia)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和混凝土重力(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，固定式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適用(yong)于(yu)淺海(hai)(hai)區域。移(yi)動(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)有自升式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、半(ban)潛(qian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張(zhang)力(li)腿(tui)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)船等。自升式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)也適用(yong)于(yu)淺海(hai)(hai)區域，半(ban)潛(qian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張(zhang)力(li)腿(tui)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適用(yong)于(yu)深海(hai)(hai)，可(ke)在(zai)3000m深海(hai)(hai)進(jin)行鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)探。海(hai)(hai)洋鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)使用(yong)的(de)鋼(gang)材(cai)有鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)用(yong)的(de)石油(you)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿、防止(zhi)油(you)井(jing)(jing)(jing)坍塌的(de)套管(guan)和鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)液(ye)鋼(gang)管(guan)等，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)本體使用(yong)的(de)是(shi)高強(qiang)度鋼(gang)板。圖8-23是(shi)典型的(de)海(hai)(hai)洋鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在(zai)海(hai)(hai)洋不同水深中(zhong)的(de)示意圖，表8-11是(shi)各類(lei)海(hai)(hai)洋平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)用(yong)鋼(gang)量(liang)。

  我國在(zai)“十(shi)二五”期間(jian)，已具(ju)備1500m水深的(de)(de)開(kai)發能力；“十(shi)三(san)五”期間(jian)，已具(ju)備3000m水深的(de)(de)開(kai)發能力。未來(lai)深水油氣(qi)勘(kan)探開(kai)發將成為(wei)重點發展方向。而海(hai)底管(guan)線是海(hai)上油氣(qi)開(kai)發系統的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)組成部分，主(zhu)要(yao)包括油氣(qi)集(ji)輸管(guan)道和油氣(qi)外輸管(guan)道，一(yi)般采用無縫(feng)管(guan)、高(gao)頻直(zhi)縫(feng)焊管(guan)、直(zhi)縫(feng)埋弧焊管(guan)等(deng)。表8-12是海(hai)洋油氣(qi)開(kai)發使用鋼（管(guan)）材情況。

   目前，國內海(hai)(hai)洋鉆井平臺結(jie)(jie)構用(yong)管(guan)(guan)已(yi)經形成了系(xi)列(lie)，能(neng)夠為海(hai)(hai)洋工程提供高品(pin)質的結(jie)(jie)構用(yong)管(guan)(guan)如鋼級(ji)為X80Q、X100Q樁柱用(yong)半弦(xian)管(guan)(guan)和支撐管(guan)(guan)。表8-13是海(hai)(hai)洋平臺結(jie)(jie)構用(yong)鋼的主要(yao)鋼級(ji)。