海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)石油(you)、天然氣開發的(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)井平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)可分(fen)為固(gu)(gu)定(ding)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)移(yi)動式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)兩類。固(gu)(gu)定(ding)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)又(you)分(fen)為導管架式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)混凝(ning)土重力(li)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，固(gu)(gu)定(ding)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適用(yong)于(yu)淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)域。移(yi)動式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)有(you)自(zi)升式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、半潛(qian)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張力(li)腿(tui)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)鉆(zhan)(zhan)井船等(deng)(deng)。自(zi)升式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)也適用(yong)于(yu)淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)域，半潛(qian)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張力(li)腿(tui)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適用(yong)于(yu)深海(hai)(hai)(hai)，可在3000m深海(hai)(hai)(hai)進行鉆(zhan)(zhan)探(tan)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)井平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)鋼(gang)材有(you)鉆(zhan)(zhan)井用(yong)的(de)石油(you)鉆(zhan)(zhan)桿、防止油(you)井坍(tan)塌的(de)套管和(he)鉆(zhan)(zhan)井液鋼(gang)管等(deng)(deng)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)本體使(shi)用(yong)的(de)是(shi)高強度鋼(gang)板。圖8-23是(shi)典型的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)井平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)不同水深中的(de)示意圖，表(biao)8-11是(shi)各(ge)類海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)用(yong)鋼(gang)量。

  我(wo)國在(zai)“十二五”期間(jian)，已具備1500m水(shui)深(shen)的開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)能力(li)；“十三五”期間(jian)，已具備3000m水(shui)深(shen)的開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)能力(li)。未(wei)來深(shen)水(shui)油(you)氣勘探開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)將成為重點發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方向。而海底管線(xian)是海上油(you)氣開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)系(xi)統(tong)的主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)組成部分，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括油(you)氣集輸(shu)管道和油(you)氣外輸(shu)管道，一般(ban)采用(yong)無(wu)縫(feng)管、高(gao)頻直縫(feng)焊管、直縫(feng)埋弧焊管等。表8-12是海洋(yang)油(you)氣開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)使用(yong)鋼（管）材情(qing)況。

   目(mu)前(qian)，國內海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)鉆井平(ping)臺結構用(yong)(yong)管已經(jing)形成(cheng)了系(xi)列，能夠為海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)工程提(ti)供高品(pin)質的結構用(yong)(yong)管如鋼(gang)(gang)級(ji)(ji)為X80Q、X100Q樁柱用(yong)(yong)半(ban)弦管和(he)支(zhi)撐管。表8-13是(shi)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)平(ping)臺結構用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)的主要鋼(gang)(gang)級(ji)(ji)。