根據壁厚計算公式,不銹鋼管道承壓厚度的直接影響因素是壓力和材料許用應力,高壓將導致管線厚度增加;許用應力變小也會導致其增加。溫度是影響材料許用應力的關鍵因素,溫度升高將導致材料強度的下降。由于許用應力是屈服強度和安全系數的比值,同樣在溫度升高到一定范圍時,也將導致材料許用應力的減低,在溫度和壓力增大的情況下,將導致壁厚的增大,就出現t≥D/6情況。


  當t≥D/6時,不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼管(guan)道(dao)(dao)的應力計(ji)算并不(bu)完全滿足(zu)薄膜理(li)論(lun)。因為對(dui)薄壁殼體(ti)的幾項基本假設(she)(she)中,除需滿足(zu)材(cai)料本身的性能外,還(huan)需滿足(zu):①. 小位移假設(she)(she);②. 直(zhi)法線假設(she)(she);③. 不(bu)擠壓假設(she)(she)。這里后兩條已經(jing)不(bu)適用于管(guan)道(dao)(dao)應力計(ji)算。早在(zai)1833年管(guan)道(dao)(dao)專家就已經(jing)研究并得出環向應力在(zai)靠近(jin)管(guan)壁內側處高于靠近(jin)管(guan)壁外側處。


  不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼管道(dao)壁(bi)厚計(ji)算的(de)(de)精準公(gong)(gong)(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)是拉美(mei)(Lamé)公(gong)(gong)(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi),波(bo)特曼(Boarman)公(gong)(gong)(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)是拉美(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)簡(jian)化(hua)公(gong)(gong)(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi),當t≥D/6時,波(bo)特曼公(gong)(gong)(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)再(zai)適用(yong),按照(zhao)拉美(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)計(ji)算管道(dao)壁(bi)厚。本(ben)書式(shi)(shi)(shi)(3.3.5)和式(shi)(shi)(shi)(3.3.6)最(zui)初來(lai)源于(yu)較精確且較復雜的(de)(de)拉美(mei)(Lamé)公(gong)(gong)(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi),當t≥D/6時,按照(zhao)ASME B31.3中的(de)(de)要(yao)求,修(xiu)正系數Y為Y=d+2c/D+d+2c 對于(yu)管道(dao)壓力等級大(da)于(yu)2500 lbf/in的(de)(de)情況(kuang),須按照(zhao)ASME B31.3中高壓管道(dao)(K篇)進(jin)行壁(bi)厚計(ji)算和應力分析(xi)。






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