1. 不銹鋼焊接鋼管用途不同而分為(wei)如下標(biao)準。
2. 板焊管的選用。鋼板焊制不(bu)銹鋼管(板焊管)國內尚無標準,板焊管制造標準可暫參照ASTM A671《常溫和低溫用電熔焊鋼管》、ASTM A672《中溫和高壓用電熔焊鋼管》和ASTMA691《高溫和高壓用碳素鋼和合金鋼電熔焊鋼管》,或按照GB50235《工業金屬管道工程施工及驗收規范》和GB 50316《工業金屬管道設計規范》附錄的現場制造鋼板卷管的規定要求制造。或參照GB/T 9711.1《石油天然氣工業輸送鋼管 交貨技術條件第1部分:A級鋼管》。
3. 連續(xu)爐(lu)焊(han)(han)(鍛焊(han)(han))鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)阻焊(han)(han)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)和(he)電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)焊(han)(han)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)選用(yong)。常用(yong)的(de)焊(han)(han)接鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)根(gen)據其生(sheng)產時采用(yong)的(de)焊(han)(han)接工藝不同(tong)可以(yi)分為:連續(xu)爐(lu)焊(han)(han)(鍛焊(han)(han))鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)阻焊(han)(han)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)和(he)電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)焊(han)(han)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)三種。
①. 連(lian)續爐(lu)焊(鍛焊)鋼(gang)管(guan):連(lian)續爐(lu)焊(鍛焊)鋼(gang)管(guan)是(shi)在加熱爐(lu)內對(dui)鋼(gang)帶進行加熱,然后(hou)對(dui)已成(cheng)(cheng)型的邊(bian)緣采用機械加壓方法使其焊接(jie)在一起而形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的具(ju)有一條直(zhi)縫(feng)的鋼(gang)管(guan)。特(te)點:生(sheng)產效率高,生(sheng)產成(cheng)(cheng)本低;但焊縫(feng)質量差(cha),綜合機械性能差(cha)。材(cai)料牌號:Q195A、Q215A、Q235A等3種。用途:適于設計溫(wen)度為0~100℃、設計壓力不超過0.6MPa的水和(he)壓縮空氣系統。標準:GB/T 3091《流體輸送用焊接(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)》。
②. 電阻(zu)(zu)焊(han)(han)(han)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(electric-resistance welded steel pipe):電阻(zu)(zu)焊(han)(han)(han)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)是通過電阻(zu)(zu)焊(han)(han)(han)或電感應(ying)(ying)焊(han)(han)(han)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)方法(fa)生產的(de),帶有一條直焊(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)。特點:生產效率(lv)高(gao),自動化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)高(gao),焊(han)(han)(han)后的(de)變形和(he)殘余應(ying)(ying)力較(jiao)小。設備投資高(gao),對焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)頭的(de)質量要求也比較(jiao)高(gao)。由于接(jie)(jie)頭處難免(mian)有雜質存在(zai),所以接(jie)(jie)頭塑性(xing)和(he)沖擊韌性(xing)較(jiao)低。標準(zhun):SY/T 5038《普通流(liu)體輸(shu)送用螺旋縫(feng)(feng)高(gao)頻焊(han)(han)(han)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)》,材(cai)料牌(pai)號:Q195A、Q215A、Q235A等3種,用途(tu):適用于設計(ji)溫(wen)度(du)≤200℃的(de)水(shui)、煤氣(qi)、空(kong)氣(qi)、采(cai)暖蒸(zheng)汽(qi)等。標準(zhun):GB/T 9711.1《石(shi)油天(tian)然氣(qi)工業輸(shu)送鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)交貨技術條件》,材(cai)料牌(pai)號:L175、L210,L245,L290,L320,L360,L450等15種,用途(tu):石(shi)油天(tian)然氣(qi)工業中(zhong)可燃流(liu)體和(he)非可燃流(liu)體(中(zhong)、低壓)。
③. 電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(electric-arc-welded steel pipe):電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是通過電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)焊(han)(han)接(jie)方法生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。特點:接(jie)頭(tou)達到完全的(de)(de)(de)冶金(jin)結(jie)合,接(jie)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)機械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)能(neng)夠完全達到或(huo)達到母材的(de)(de)(de)機械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。在經(jing)過適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)熱處理和(he)無(wu)損檢查之后,電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)直(zhi)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)可達到無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)而取代之。螺旋(xuan)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)材料牌(pai)(pai)號(hao)(hao):Q195、Q215、Q235等(deng)(deng)3種,用(yong)(yong)(yong)途:適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)設(she)計(ji)溫度(du)≤200℃的(de)(de)(de)水、煤氣、空氣、采暖蒸汽(qi)等(deng)(deng);標準(zhun)(zhun):SY/T 5037《普通流體輸送(song)用(yong)(yong)(yong)螺旋(xuan)縫(feng)(feng)埋弧(hu)焊(han)(han)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)》,直(zhi)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)材料牌(pai)(pai)號(hao)(hao):1Cr18Ni9、0Cr19Ni9、00Cr19Ni11、0Cr18Ni10Ti、0Cr17Ni12Mo2、00Cr17Ni14Mo2共(gong)12種(新版標準(zhun)(zhun)更新為新的(de)(de)(de)牌(pai)(pai)號(hao)(hao)),用(yong)(yong)(yong)途:設(she)計(ji)壓力(li)小于(yu)(yu)5.0MPa,焊(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)系數小于(yu)(yu)1.0時,不宜用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)極度(du)或(huo)高(gao)度(du)危害介質;電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)標準(zhun)(zhun)還有:GB12771《流體輸送(song)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不銹鋼(gang)焊(han)(han)接(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)》,HG/T 50237.1~4《奧氏體不銹鋼(gang)焊(han)(han)接(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)》。
4. 有縫焊接(jie)鋼管的特點及(ji)有關標準(zhun)。
①. 不(bu)銹鋼焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也稱焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),是(shi)用鋼板或鋼帶經過(guo)卷曲成(cheng)型(xing)后(hou)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)制成(cheng)的(de)(de)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。不(bu)銹鋼焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)藝簡單,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)效(xiao)率高,品種(zhong)規格多,但強度一(yi)般低(di)于無縫(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。20世(shi)紀(ji)30年代以來(lai),隨著優質(zhi)帶鋼連(lian)軋生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)迅速發(fa)展以及(ji)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)檢驗技術的(de)(de)進(jin)步,焊(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)質(zhi)量不(bu)斷提(ti)高,焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)品種(zhong)規格日益(yi)增多,并在越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多的(de)(de)領域代替了無縫(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按焊(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)的(de)(de)形式分為直(zhi)(zhi)縫(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)螺(luo)旋焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。直(zhi)(zhi)縫(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)藝簡單,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)效(xiao)率高,成(cheng)本低(di),發(fa)展較快。螺(luo)旋焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)強度一(yi)般比直(zhi)(zhi)縫(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)高,能用較窄的(de)(de)坯料(liao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)徑(jing)較大(da)的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),還可以用同(tong)(tong)(tong)樣寬(kuan)度的(de)(de)坯料(liao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)徑(jing)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。但是(shi)與相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)長度的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)縫(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)相(xiang)比,焊(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)長度增加30%~100%,而且生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)速度較低(di)。因此,較小口徑(jing)的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)大(da)都采(cai)用直(zhi)(zhi)縫(feng)焊(han)(han)(han),大(da)口徑(jing)焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)則大(da)多采(cai)用螺(luo)旋焊(han)(han)(han)。
②. GB 50316《工業金屬管道(dao)設計規范》規定:“現(xian)行國家標準GB/T 3092《低壓(ya)流體(ti)輸送用焊接鋼管》及(ji)GB/T 3091《低壓(ya)流體(ti)輸送用鍍鋅焊接鋼管》中的加厚管子(zi),可用于(yu)(yu)設計壓(ya)力小于(yu)(yu)等于(yu)(yu)1.6MPa和設計溫度在0~200℃的C類(lei)流體(ti)。普通(tong)厚度的管子(zi)僅用于(yu)(yu)D類(lei)流體(ti)。”
③. 有縫(feng)鋼管(guan)通常用(yong)于低壓(ya)管(guan)路。小直徑(jing)的有縫(feng)鋼管(guan)(公稱(cheng)(cheng)直徑(jing)10~150mm),常用(yong)作水、煤氣、空氣、低壓(ya)蒸汽及無(wu)侵蝕性流體的管(guan)道,工作溫(wen)度范(fan)圍(wei)為(wei)0~200℃。大直徑(jing)的有縫(feng)鋼管(guan)包括(kuo)螺旋縫(feng)電(dian)焊管(guan)(公稱(cheng)(cheng)直徑(jing)200~700mm)和(he)直縫(feng)電(dian)焊管(guan)(公稱(cheng)(cheng)直徑(jing)200~1200mm)。工作溫(wen)度范(fan)圍(wei)因材料而異。