常有(you)管(guan)道(dao)設(she)計人員向筆者(zhe)咨詢Pipe與Tube管(guan)道(dao)的區別。在(zai)(zai)ASME B31.1(動力(li)管(guan)道(dao))第100.2節中(zhong)有(you)詳(xiang)細的定(ding)義(yi)。Pipe是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)圓形(xing)截(jie)面的空心制品;Tube是(shi)(shi)(shi)具有(you)連續周圓形(xing)或任何其截(jie)面形(xing)狀的空心制品。在(zai)(zai)規格(ge)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)上(shang),Tube的外(wai)徑(jing)、內(nei)徑(jing)和壁(bi)(bi)厚(hou)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)兩個獨立參數表(biao)(biao)示(shi),即國(guo)內(nei)常用(yong)(yong)的外(wai)徑(jing)x壁(bi)(bi)厚(hou)(Φφdxt)),內(nei)徑(jing)可(ke)推算(suan)出。Pipe規格(ge)則用(yong)(yong)公稱(cheng)管(guan)道(dao)規格(ge)NPSx表(biao)(biao)示(shi),更完善的表(biao)(biao)示(shi)應是(shi)(shi)(shi):NPSxSchy,其中(zhong)x表(biao)(biao)示(shi)直(zhi)徑(jing),y表(biao)(biao)示(shi)壁(bi)(bi)厚(hou),它們僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)規格(ge)型號(hao)而非實際尺寸。當壁(bi)(bi)厚(hou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)標準(zhun)規格(ge)sch40時(shi),可(ke)省(sheng)略。具體內(nei)、外(wai)徑(jing)及壁(bi)(bi)厚(hou)尺寸數值要(yao)查表(biao)(biao)(ASME B36.10表(biao)(biao)2、A4及ASME B36.19表(biao)(biao)1)。相應的翻譯方(fang)法還有(you) pipe:管(guan)道(dao)或配管(guan);Tube:管(guan)子。在(zai)(zai)不區分時(shi),統稱(cheng)管(guan)材。
Pipe管的(de)通用(yong)(yong)技術條件(jian)為(wei)A530,Tube管的(de)通用(yong)(yong)技術條件(jian)為(wei)A450,它(ta)們的(de)主要(yao)差(cha)別如(ru)下:A530:壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)公(gong)稱壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)表(biao)示,壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)的(de)允(yun)(yun)許偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)±12.5%,外(wai)徑的(de)允(yun)(yun)許偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)控(kong)(kong)制較(jiao)松(如(ru)上偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)最小為(wei)0.4mm),對于擴(kuo)口(kou)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、卷邊試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、硬(ying)(ying)度均(jun)沒有要(yao)求。A450:壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)最小壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)表(biao)示,壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)的(de)允(yun)(yun)許偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)負公(gong)差(cha)位零,外(wai)徑的(de)允(yun)(yun)許偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)控(kong)(kong)制較(jiao)嚴(如(ru)上偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)最大為(wei)0.4mm),對于擴(kuo)口(kou)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、卷邊試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、硬(ying)(ying)度均(jun)有要(yao)求。
Pipe管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和Tube管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)規范(fan)中有自己的(de)(de)(de)技術要求。對于一般管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線具體用Tube 管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)還是用Pipe管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),很難給出(chu)明確(que)的(de)(de)(de)界限,但對于脹接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)換(huan)熱器管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、爐管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、儀表的(de)(de)(de)卡套連接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)必須用Tube管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),對于焊接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子用Tube 管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和Pipe管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一般都可(ke)以(yi),由于Tube管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)制造檢(jian)驗要求更(geng)為(wei)嚴格,可(ke)以(yi)用在壓力溫度更(geng)為(wei)苛刻的(de)(de)(de)工況,價格也較(jiao)貴。
ASME在(zai)制定(ding)這段規(gui)則(ze)時(shi),著眼(yan)(yan)于Pipe管和Tube管用途的(de)性(xing)質。在(zai)鍋爐和壓力(li)容器范圍內,Tube主(zhu)要著眼(yan)(yan)于內外傳導熱量、熱交換用途,而Pipe則(ze)主(zhu)要立足(zu)于將受壓介質從一(yi)個(ge)地方(fang)輸送到(dao)另一(yi)個(ge)地方(fang)的(de)功能。
Tube可以是任何截面(mian)形狀,Pipe要是圓的截面(mian)。Pipe是以公稱直徑(jing)定義,Tube是以外徑(jing)和壁厚定義,Pipe可以焊(han)接、車(che)螺紋,Tube只能(neng)用壓(ya)緊接頭(compress joint type)的管件(fitting)連接。Pipe與Tube的比較見表4.2.5。


