(1)未加(jia)工(gong)狀態下的聚(ju)氯乙烯是一種(zhong)半透明的無色硬聚(ju)合(he)物。在(zai)可普(pu)遍(bian)利用(yong)(yong)的熱塑(su)性塑(su)料中(zhong),硬聚(ju)氯乙烯具有(you)低廉的體積價格,并有(you)很(hen)高(gao)的強(qiang)度和剛(gang)性。主要用(yong)(yong)途包括:輸(shu)水總管(guan)、灌(guan)溉用(yong)(yong)管(guan)、排水管(guan)、通風管(guan)(DWV)、下水道、套管(guan)、電線導管(guan)、動力和通信用(yong)(yong)導管(guan)。
(2)PVC具(ju)有(you)(you)良好(hao)的耐腐蝕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能、機(ji)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能、力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)能。在石油(you)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)方面(mian),PVC管主要用(yong)于(yu)輸送某些腐蝕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)流體(ti),不宜用(yong)于(yu)輸送可燃、劇毒和含有(you)(you)固體(ti)顆粒的流體(ti)。工(gong)(gong)程塑料管道具(ju)有(you)(you)比金(jin)屬輕、有(you)(you)一定機(ji)械強度(du)、優良的耐腐蝕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能和加(jia)工(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(可機(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)、熱成型和焊接)等特性(xing)(xing)(xing)。PVC有(you)(you)較好(hao)的耐溶劑性(xing)(xing)(xing)和化(hua)(hua)學穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing),耐石油(you)、汽油(you)、丙烷(wan)、丁烷(wan)等烷(wan)烴(jing)類(lei)的腐蝕(shi)(shi)和溶解(jie),對一般無(wu)機(ji)酸、有(you)(you)機(ji)酸、堿類(lei)和醇類(lei)均耐蝕(shi)(shi)。但氯代烷(wan)烴(jing)、酮類(lei)、醚類(lei)、芳烴(jing)類(lei)等溶劑,對它(ta)有(you)(you)很大的溶脹性(xing)(xing)(xing),強氧化(hua)(hua)劑可和它(ta)起作(zuo)用(yong)。
(3)PVC有(you)很大(da)的溶(rong)脹性,強氧(yang)化(hua)劑可(ke)和(he)它起(qi)作用,有(you)很好的加工(gong)性能,可(ke)機(ji)加工(gong)、熱(re)成型和(he)焊接,還有(you)較好的耐(nai)(nai)(nai)溶(rong)劑性和(he)化(hua)學穩定性,耐(nai)(nai)(nai)石(shi)油、汽(qi)油、丙烷、丁烷等烷烴類(lei)的腐(fu)蝕和(he)溶(rong)解(jie),對一(yi)般無機(ji)酸、有(you)機(ji)酸、堿類(lei)和(he)醇(chun)類(lei)均耐(nai)(nai)(nai)蝕。但不耐(nai)(nai)(nai)氯代(dai)烷烴、酮類(lei)、醚類(lei)、芳烴類(lei)等溶(rong)劑。
(4)PVC管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材規格已經標準化,如表4.3.7所示。PVC管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)適用(yong)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)范(fan)圍為-15~60℃,下(xia)限溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)容易(yi)開裂(lie),高于上限溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)軟(ruan)化。PVC管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一般分為輕型管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和重型管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)兩種。硬(ying)聚氯乙烯管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)可(ke)用(yong)于真空度(du)(du)(du)(du)<740mmHg的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道。常溫(wen)(wen)下(xia),硬(ying)聚氯乙烯管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的使(shi)用(yong)壓(ya)力如下(xia):輕型管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)≤0.6MPa;重型管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)≤1.0MPa。



(5)采用(yong)承插粘(zhan)接連接方式的(de)(de)(de)擠壓成(cheng)型的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壓力較高。硬(ying)聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)的(de)(de)(de)熱變(bian)形溫度為73.8℃,它的(de)(de)(de)線脹系數比較大,約為鋼的(de)(de)(de)7倍(bei),而(er)彈性模量較小。硬(ying)聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)單體(ti)含(han)量及(ji)穩定劑中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)鉛、鎘等有(you)害物質超過標準時對環境和人(ren)身健(jian)康有(you)害。

