工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)和管道(dao)互相融(rong)合，在設(she)計(ji)時(shi)密(mi)不可分。國內外有些(xie)(xie)設(she)計(ji)單位(wei)(wei)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)和管道(dao)仍是(shi)同一個專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)，稱作“工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)管道(dao)”專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)，有些(xie)(xie)設(she)計(ji)單位(wei)(wei)分為(wei)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)和管道(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)。無論如何分工(gong)，作為(wei)壓力(li)管道(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)，應首先理(li)解透徹工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)圖(tu)紙文(wen)件，明白工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)原理(li)，才能保證(zheng)壓力(li)管道(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)設(she)計(ji)質量(liang)和工(gong)作效率。

  石(shi)油(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)項目具有一定(ding)的周期性，有些年(nian)(nian)份(fen)(fen)煉油(you)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)較多(duo)，有些年(nian)(nian)份(fen)(fen)煤制油(you)煤化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)較多(duo)，有些年(nian)(nian)份(fen)(fen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)較多(duo)，有些年(nian)(nian)份(fen)(fen)電力(li)輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)較多(duo)，在這種市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)濟主導的大(da)環境下，設(she)計(ji)單位能(neng)中標的裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類型(xing)也在變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。需要壓力(li)管道設(she)計(ji)人員熟(shu)練設(she)計(ji)煉油(you)（常減壓、催化(hua)(hua)(hua)重整、加氫等）、化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)（乙烯(xi)、化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥、LNG、LPG、PP、苯乙烯(xi)等）、煤制油(you)等各種裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

  實踐證明，無論是(shi)化工(gong)裝置、煉油裝置，還是(shi)制藥裝置的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)，僅是(shi)工(gong)藝專業設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)內容(rong)不同(tong)，對于壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道專業設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)人員(yuan)，設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)原理和(he)內容(rong)是(shi)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)人員(yuan)掌握了管(guan)(guan)(guan)廊、塔、容(rong)器(qi)、反(fan)應器(qi)、換熱設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備、加熱爐、泵、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機、罐等設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施及其有關(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道的(de)(de)(de)配管(guan)(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)原理和(he)好的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)做法，就(jiu)可(ke)以較(jiao)好地完成(cheng)這些不同(tong)類型裝置的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)。本(ben)章節(jie)簡要講述一些裝置的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝及布置。