管(guan)(guan)殼式(shi)換熱器(qi)(qi)又稱列(lie)管(guan)(guan)式(shi)換熱器(qi)(qi)。是(shi)以封(feng)閉在(zai)殼體(ti)中管(guan)(guan)束的壁面作(zuo)為傳熱面的間壁式(shi)換熱器(qi)(qi)。這種(zhong)換熱器(qi)(qi)結(jie)構較簡(jian)單，操作(zuo)可靠，可用(yong)(yong)各種(zhong)結(jie)構材料（主要是(shi)金屬材料）制造，能在(zai)高溫、高壓(ya)下使用(yong)(yong)，是(shi)目前應用(yong)(yong)最廣(guang)的類型。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)由殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、傳熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、折流(liu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)（擋板(ban)(ban)(ban)）和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱等部件組成。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)圓筒形，內部裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束兩端固(gu)定在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上，而(er)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)又與外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)連接在(zai)一起。進行(xing)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)的冷、熱(re)(re)(re)兩種流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，一種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內流(liu)動，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)；另一種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)動，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)提高管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的傳熱(re)(re)(re)膜系數，通(tong)常在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)若干擋板(ban)(ban)(ban)。擋板(ban)(ban)(ban)可提高殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)速度，迫使流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)按規(gui)定路程(cheng)(cheng)多次橫向(xiang)通(tong)過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束，增強流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)湍流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)度。圖7.2（a）為(wei)(wei)(wei)最簡單(dan)(dan)的單(dan)(dan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)單(dan)(dan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)按結構特點分為(wei)(wei)(wei)固(gu)定管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、浮(fu)頭式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、U形管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、填函(han)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、雙重管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)雙管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)等，前3種應用比較(jiao)普遍。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束由許(xu)多管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子組成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束構(gou)成換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)熱面。為(wei)了增加流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外空間的(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)速(su)，以提高(gao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)熱膜系數，改善換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)熱情況，在筒體(ti)內間隔(ge)安裝了許(xu)多折流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)擋(dang)板。換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)的(de)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)和兩側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)上(shang)（對(dui)于偶數管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，則在一(yi)側(ce)(ce)）開(kai)有流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)的(de)進(jin)出口，有時還在其上(shang)裝設檢查孔，為(wei)安置儀(yi)表用的(de)接口管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、排液孔和排氣孔等。在換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)中，一(yi)種流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)從一(yi)側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)（成為(wei)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)）流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子里(li)，經另一(yi)側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)（成為(wei)后管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)）流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出（對(dui)奇數單管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)），或繞過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)回進(jin)口側(ce)(ce)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出（對(dui)偶數管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)），流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)每通過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束一(yi)次(ci)稱為(wei)一(yi)個管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。另一(yi)種流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)從筒體(ti)上(shang)的(de)連接管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)出換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束外，每通過殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)一(yi)次(ci)稱為(wei)一(yi)個殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。圖7.2（c）所示為(wei)二(er)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、單殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)稱為(wei)1-2型(xing)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)（此處(chu)1表示殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數，2表示管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數）。同(tong)樣，在換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)筒體(ti)內加縱向擋(dang)板也能得到(dao)多殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)構(gou)，見圖7.2（b）。

  按GB151的(de)規定(ding)，管殼式換熱器主(zhu)要部(bu)件如圖7.3所示。