管(guan)殼(ke)式換熱(re)(re)器(qi)又稱列管(guan)式換熱(re)(re)器(qi)。是(shi)以(yi)封閉在殼(ke)體中管(guan)束的(de)壁面(mian)作(zuo)為傳熱(re)(re)面(mian)的(de)間壁式換熱(re)(re)器(qi)。這種換熱(re)(re)器(qi)結構較簡單(dan)，操作(zuo)可靠，可用各種結構材料(liao)（主要(yao)是(shi)金屬材料(liao)）制造，能在高溫、高壓(ya)下(xia)使用，是(shi)目前應用最廣(guang)的(de)類(lei)型(xing)。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)由殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、傳熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)、折流(liu)(liu)板(ban)（擋(dang)板(ban)）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)等部(bu)件組成(cheng)。殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)圓筒形，內(nei)部(bu)裝有管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)兩端固定在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)上，而管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)又與外殼(ke)(ke)連接在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)起。進行(xing)換熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)冷、熱(re)(re)(re)兩種(zhong)(zhong)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)流(liu)(liu)動，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)；另一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)(liu)動，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)殼(ke)(ke)程流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)提高管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)傳熱(re)(re)(re)膜(mo)系數，通常在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)安裝若干擋(dang)板(ban)。擋(dang)板(ban)可提高殼(ke)(ke)程流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)速度，迫使流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)按規定路(lu)程多次橫向通過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，增強流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)湍流(liu)(liu)程度。圖7.2（a）為(wei)(wei)(wei)最簡單的(de)單殼(ke)(ke)程單管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)按結構特點分為(wei)(wei)(wei)固定管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、浮頭式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、U形管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、填(tian)函式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、雙重管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)和雙管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)等，前3種(zhong)(zhong)應用比(bi)較普遍。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)由許多(duo)(duo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子組(zu)成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)構(gou)成(cheng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)面。為(wei)了增加流體(ti)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)空間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流速(su)，以提高換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)膜系數(shu)，改善(shan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)情況(kuang)，在(zai)筒(tong)體(ti)內(nei)間隔安裝了許多(duo)(duo)折流擋(dang)板(ban)。換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)和兩側管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)上（對(dui)于偶(ou)數(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，則在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)側）開有(you)流體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進出(chu)口(kou)，有(you)時還在(zai)其上裝設(she)檢(jian)查(cha)孔，為(wei)安置(zhi)儀表用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)口(kou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、排(pai)液孔和排(pai)氣孔等。在(zai)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中，一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)流體(ti)從一(yi)(yi)(yi)側管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)（成(cheng)為(wei)前(qian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)）流進管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子里，經另一(yi)(yi)(yi)側管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)（成(cheng)為(wei)后(hou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)）流出(chu)（對(dui)奇數(shu)單管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)），或(huo)繞過(guo)(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)，流回(hui)進口(kou)側前(qian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)流出(chu)（對(dui)偶(ou)數(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)），流體(ti)每(mei)通過(guo)(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次稱為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)流體(ti)從筒(tong)體(ti)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進出(chu)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)，流經管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)外(wai)，每(mei)通過(guo)(guo)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次稱為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)。圖7.2（c）所示(shi)為(wei)二管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)、單殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)，工程(cheng)上稱為(wei)1-2型(xing)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（此(ci)處1表示(shi)殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)數(shu)，2表示(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)數(shu)）。同樣，在(zai)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)筒(tong)體(ti)內(nei)加縱向擋(dang)板(ban)也能得到多(duo)(duo)殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)結構(gou)，見(jian)圖7.2（b）。

  按GB151的規定，管殼式換熱器主要部(bu)件如圖7.3所示。