管殼式換熱器(qi)又稱列管式換熱器(qi)。是以封(feng)閉(bi)在殼體中管束(shu)的壁(bi)面作為傳熱面的間壁(bi)式換熱器(qi)。這(zhe)種換熱器(qi)結(jie)構較簡單，操作可靠(kao)，可用(yong)各種結(jie)構材料(liao)（主(zhu)要是金屬材料(liao)）制造，能在高(gao)溫、高(gao)壓下(xia)使用(yong)，是目(mu)前應用(yong)最廣的類型(xing)。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器由殼(ke)體、傳熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)束、管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)、折流(liu)板(ban)(ban)（擋板(ban)(ban)）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱等部件(jian)組成。殼(ke)體多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圓(yuan)筒形，內部裝(zhuang)有管(guan)(guan)(guan)束，管(guan)(guan)(guan)束兩端固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)上，而(er)管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)又與(yu)外殼(ke)連接在一(yi)起。進行換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)的冷(leng)、熱(re)(re)(re)兩種(zhong)流(liu)體，一(yi)種(zhong)在管(guan)(guan)(guan)內流(liu)動(dong)，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)程流(liu)體；另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)在管(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)動(dong)，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)殼(ke)程流(liu)體。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)提高管(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)體的傳熱(re)(re)(re)膜(mo)系數，通常在殼(ke)體內安裝(zhuang)若干擋板(ban)(ban)。擋板(ban)(ban)可提高殼(ke)程流(liu)體速度，迫使流(liu)體按(an)規定(ding)路程多(duo)次橫向通過管(guan)(guan)(guan)束，增強流(liu)體湍流(liu)程度。圖(tu)7.2（a）為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)最(zui)簡單的單殼(ke)程單管(guan)(guan)(guan)程換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器。管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器按(an)結構特點(dian)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器、浮(fu)頭(tou)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器、U形管(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器、填函式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器、雙重(zhong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器和雙管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器等，前3種(zhong)應用比(bi)較(jiao)普遍。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)由許多管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子組(zu)成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)構成換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)面。為了增加(jia)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)空間(jian)的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)速，以提高換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)殼(ke)程的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)膜系數，改善換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)情況，在筒體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)間(jian)隔(ge)安裝(zhuang)了許多折流(liu)(liu)擋(dang)板。換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)兩側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)（對于偶(ou)數管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程的(de)(de)，則(ze)在一(yi)側(ce)）開有流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)進出(chu)(chu)口，有時還(huan)在其上(shang)(shang)裝(zhuang)設檢(jian)查孔，為安置儀(yi)表(biao)用的(de)(de)接(jie)口管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、排(pai)液孔和(he)排(pai)氣孔等。在換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)中，一(yi)種流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)從一(yi)側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)（成為前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)）流(liu)(liu)進管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子里，經(jing)另(ling)一(yi)側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)（成為后管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)）流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)（對奇數單(dan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)），或繞過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)，流(liu)(liu)回(hui)進口側(ce)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)（對偶(ou)數管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)），流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)每通(tong)(tong)過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)一(yi)次稱為一(yi)個管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程。另(ling)一(yi)種流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)從筒體(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)連接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進出(chu)(chu)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，流(liu)(liu)經(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)外(wai)，每通(tong)(tong)過(guo)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)次稱為一(yi)個殼(ke)程。圖(tu)(tu)7.2（c）所(suo)示為二管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程、單(dan)殼(ke)程，工程上(shang)(shang)稱為1-2型換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)（此處1表(biao)示殼(ke)程數，2表(biao)示管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程數）。同樣，在換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)筒體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)加(jia)縱(zong)向擋(dang)板也(ye)能得到多殼(ke)程結構，見圖(tu)(tu)7.2（b）。

  按GB151的(de)規定，管(guan)殼式換熱器主要部件如圖7.3所示。