管(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器又稱列管(guan)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器。是(shi)以封(feng)閉在殼(ke)體中管(guan)束的壁面作(zuo)為傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)面的間(jian)壁式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器。這種換熱(re)(re)器結構較簡(jian)單，操作(zuo)可(ke)靠，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)各種結構材料(liao)(liao)（主要是(shi)金屬材料(liao)(liao)）制造，能在高溫、高壓下使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，是(shi)目前應用(yong)(yong)最廣的類型(xing)。

  管(guan)殼(ke)式換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)由(you)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)束、管(guan)板(ban)、折(zhe)流(liu)(liu)(liu)板(ban)（擋(dang)板(ban)）和管(guan)箱等部件(jian)組成。殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)多為(wei)圓筒(tong)形，內部裝有(you)管(guan)束，管(guan)束兩端(duan)固(gu)定(ding)在(zai)管(guan)板(ban)上，而管(guan)板(ban)又與外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)連接在(zai)一起。進行換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)的冷、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)兩種(zhong)(zhong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，一種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)管(guan)內流(liu)(liu)(liu)動，稱為(wei)管(guan)程(cheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)；另(ling)一種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)管(guan)外(wai)(wai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動，稱為(wei)殼(ke)程(cheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。為(wei)提(ti)高管(guan)外(wai)(wai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)膜(mo)系數(shu)，通(tong)常在(zai)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內安(an)裝若干擋(dang)板(ban)。擋(dang)板(ban)可提(ti)高殼(ke)程(cheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)速度(du)，迫使流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)按(an)規定(ding)路(lu)程(cheng)多次橫向通(tong)過管(guan)束，增強流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)湍流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)度(du)。圖7.2（a）為(wei)最(zui)簡單的單殼(ke)程(cheng)單管(guan)程(cheng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。管(guan)殼(ke)式換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)按(an)結構(gou)特點分為(wei)固(gu)定(ding)管(guan)板(ban)式換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、浮(fu)頭式換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、U形管(guan)式換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、填函式換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、雙重管(guan)式換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)和雙管(guan)板(ban)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)等，前3種(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)用比較普遍。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)由許多管(guan)(guan)(guan)子組成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)構(gou)成換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)面(mian)。為了增加流(liu)(liu)體(ti)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外空間的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)速，以提高換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)殼程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)膜系數(shu)，改善換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)情(qing)況，在(zai)筒體(ti)內(nei)間隔安裝了許多折(zhe)流(liu)(liu)擋板。換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)殼體(ti)和兩(liang)側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)（對于(yu)偶數(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，則在(zai)一(yi)(yi)側(ce)）開有(you)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)進出(chu)口，有(you)時還在(zai)其上(shang)(shang)裝設檢(jian)查(cha)孔(kong)，為安置(zhi)儀表(biao)(biao)用的(de)(de)(de)接口管(guan)(guan)(guan)、排液孔(kong)和排氣(qi)孔(kong)等。在(zai)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中，一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)從一(yi)(yi)側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)（成為前管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)）流(liu)(liu)進管(guan)(guan)(guan)子里，經另(ling)一(yi)(yi)側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)（成為后管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)）流(liu)(liu)出(chu)（對奇數(shu)單(dan)(dan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)），或繞(rao)過管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)，流(liu)(liu)回進口側(ce)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)（對偶數(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)），流(liu)(liu)體(ti)每(mei)通過管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)次稱(cheng)(cheng)為一(yi)(yi)個管(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)從筒體(ti)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)連接管(guan)(guan)(guan)進出(chu)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)，流(liu)(liu)經管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)外，每(mei)通過殼體(ti)一(yi)(yi)次稱(cheng)(cheng)為一(yi)(yi)個殼程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。圖7.2（c）所示為二(er)管(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、單(dan)(dan)殼程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)稱(cheng)(cheng)為1-2型換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（此(ci)處1表(biao)(biao)示殼程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)，2表(biao)(biao)示管(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)）。同樣，在(zai)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)筒體(ti)內(nei)加縱向擋板也能得到(dao)多殼程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結構(gou)，見圖7.2（b）。

  按GB151的(de)規(gui)定，管殼式換(huan)熱(re)器主要部件如圖(tu)7.3所示。