浙江至德鋼業有限公司制氧工程的外部管路是由大量黃銅(H62)和(06Cr18Ni11Ti不(bu)銹鋼(gang)管組成的管路,需要在現場施工焊接。其管內徑為140~280mm,壁厚為8~12mm,工作壓力為3.75MPa,圖5-46為焊接管路斜三通接頭的焊接示意圖。


圖 46.jpg


1. 焊接性(xing)


  黃銅(H62)熔點(dian)(dian)比不銹鋼(06Cr18Ni11Ti)低400℃還多,而熱導率(lv)為(wei)06Cr18Nil1Ti的6.5倍之多。焊接(jie)過程中易形(xing)成低熔點(dian)(dian)共(gong)晶體,隨之在(zai)焊接(jie)熔池(chi)中冷卻凝固,殘留在(zai)焊縫中,為(wei)形(xing)成熱裂紋創造了條件。加(jia)之其(qi)線脹系(xi)數與(yu)原(yuan)有(you)兩種金屬(shu)中的線脹系(xi)數有(you)很大(da)差異,形(xing)成組(zu)織應力,并在(zai)焊接(jie)過程焊接(jie)接(jie)頭內(nei)部形(xing)成的拉伸(shen)應力共(gong)同作用下,使焊接(jie)接(jie)頭產生(sheng)熱裂紋。


2. 焊接(jie)方法


  由于在現場施工,工作條件比較(jiao)惡劣,選用焊(han)(han)(han)條電弧焊(han)(han)(han)用T107(ECu型(xing)號)焊(han)(han)(han)條在06Cr18Ni11Ti 不銹鋼管(guan)坡口側(ce)及其附(fu)近堆焊(han)(han)(han)過(guo)渡層(ceng),然后(hou)采用氧乙炔焊(han)(han)(han)用HS224(HSCuZn-4)焊(han)(han)(han)絲配(pei)合氣焊(han)(han)(han)焊(han)(han)(han)劑(ji)硼(peng)砂(sha)(CJ301)將(jiang)過(guo)渡層(ceng)的堆焊(han)(han)(han)處與黃銅管(guan)焊(han)(han)(han)接,形成所需要(yao)的管(guan)路。


3. 焊接工藝


  焊(han)接(jie)坡(po)口形(xing)(xing)式如圖5-46所示(shi),為(wei)角接(jie)接(jie)頭對接(jie)焊(han)縫形(xing)(xing)式。施焊(han)前要將管路待焊(han)處的(de)坡(po)口及其附近用(yong)磨(mo)(mo)光機打磨(mo)(mo)直至露出(chu)金屬光澤。裝配時(shi)要留(liu)有3~5mm間隙(對接(jie)接(jie)頭處),以保證(zheng)第一層焊(han)縫施焊(han)背面成形(xing)(xing)良好,避免出(chu)現(xian)未焊(han)透和未熔合等(deng)缺陷。


  過(guo)(guo)渡層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)堆(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)時(shi),在打磨(mo)干凈(jing)的(de)(de)06Cr18Ni11Ti不銹(xiu)鋼管坡口(kou)待焊(han)(han)(han)處,用ф3.2mmT107焊(han)(han)(han)條堆(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)純(chun)(chun)銅過(guo)(guo)渡層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),然后再(zai)從管外表(biao)面向(xiang)(xiang)坡口(kou)兩(liang)邊堆(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)三道。純(chun)(chun)銅過(guo)(guo)渡層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)要堆(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),厚度為5~6mm。然后用角(jiao)向(xiang)(xiang)打磨(mo)機(ji)打磨(mo),使表(biao)面干凈(jing)光滑(hua)。用氧乙炔焊(han)(han)(han),Φ4mm的(de)(de)HS224焊(han)(han)(han)絲配合氣焊(han)(han)(han)焊(han)(han)(han)劑CJ301在堆(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)純(chun)(chun)銅層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)表(biao)面再(zai)堆(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)黃銅過(guo)(guo)渡層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),使其表(biao)面層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)金(jin)屬與黃銅(H62)管的(de)(de)化學成(cheng)分相當。


  因結構形(xing)(xing)式無法轉(zhuan)動(dong)進行施(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han),故(gu)先(xian)在(zai)相應(ying)于時鐘12、3、9點(dian)鐘位置(zhi)(zhi)放置(zhi)(zhi)定位焊(han)(han)(han)(han)點(dian)。選用(yong)HS224焊(han)(han)(han)(han)絲,氣焊(han)(han)(han)(han)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)劑CJ301,采用(yong)氧乙(yi)炔焊(han)(han)(han)(han)進行定位焊(han)(han)(han)(han),然后(hou)進行主(zhu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)施(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)。在(zai)45°夾角處位置(zhi)(zhi)難(nan)于焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)時,若有可能,可將該(gai)端(duan)頭待焊(han)(han)(han)(han)處適當(dang)抬起,使它處于近似(si)船形(xing)(xing)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)的位置(zhi)(zhi),便(bian)于施(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)。




聯系方式.jpg