墊片(gasket)是兩個物體之間的機械密封,通常以防止兩個物體之間受到壓力、腐蝕、和管路自然地熱脹冷縮泄漏。由于機械加工表面不可能完美,使用墊(dian)片即可填補不規則性。
一(yi)、按墊片材質(zhi)分類(lei)
不同類型墊(dian)片(pian)材料見表(biao)5.3.1。
1. 非(fei)金屬墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(non-metallic gasket),有石(shi)棉橡(xiang)膠墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)、橡(xiang)膠墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)、聚四氟乙烯(xi)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)、合成橡(xiang)膠墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)、膨脹石(shi)墨、皮革等(deng)。非(fei)金屬包覆墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(non-metallic jacket gasket)外包一層(ceng)合成樹脂等(deng)。
2. 半金(jin)(jin)屬墊片(semimetallic gasket)用金(jin)(jin)屬和非金(jin)(jin)屬材料制成的(de)墊片,如(ru)纏(chan)繞式墊片、金(jin)(jin)屬包(bao)覆墊片。
①. 纏(chan)(chan)繞(rao)(rao)式(shi)墊(dian)片(pian)(spiral wound gasket)由(you)V形或(huo)W形斷面的金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)帶夾非金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)帶,金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)帶與非金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)帶螺(luo)旋纏(chan)(chan)繞(rao)(rao)成(cheng)環形墊(dian)片(pian)。金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)帶與非金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)帶交替纏(chan)(chan)繞(rao)(rao),由(you)于其具有(you)較好的彈性,廣泛用于石(shi)化(hua)、化(hua)工、電力等(deng)行(xing)業的法蘭密(mi)封結構中,根據具體部位(wei),可在(zai)墊(dian)片(pian)的內(nei)層或(huo)外(wai)層加(jia)上鋼環來(lai)定(ding)位(wei)或(huo)加(jia)強(qiang)。內(nei)環(inner ring)是設置(zhi)在(zai)纏(chan)(chan)繞(rao)(rao)式(shi)墊(dian)片(pian)內(nei)圈的金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)環。外(wai)環(outerring)是設置(zhi)在(zai)纏(chan)(chan)繞(rao)(rao)式(shi)墊(dian)片(pian)外(wai)圈的金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)環。
②. 金(jin)屬包覆。
3. 金屬(shu)(shu)墊片(metallic gasket)是用鋼、鋁(lv)、銅、鎳或蒙乃爾合金等金屬(shu)(shu)制成的(de)墊片。
二、按墊片(pian)形狀分類
按墊(dian)片形狀分類可(ke)分為(wei): 環狀平墊(dian)片、復合型(xing)墊(dian)片、波紋型(xing)墊(dian)片、環狀墊(dian)片
不同形狀墊(dian)片如圖(tu) 5.3.1所示。