工業管道(dao)伴(ban)熱方式主要有以下幾種:
1. 內伴(ban)熱管伴(ban)熱
伴熱(re)管安裝在(zai)工藝管道內(nei)部,伴熱(re)介(jie)質(zhi)釋放出來的熱(re)量,全部用于補充主(zhu)管內(nei)介(jie)質(zhi)的熱(re)損失(shi)。這種方式(shi)的特點(dian)如下。
①. 熱(re)效率(lv)高,用蒸汽作(zuo)為熱(re)源(yuan)時,與外伴熱(re)管比較,可以節省15%~25%的蒸汽耗量。
②. 內(nei)伴(ban)熱管的外側傳熱系(xi)數與主管內(nei)介質的流(liu)速、黏度(du)有關。
③. 由于它(ta)安裝(zhuang)在工(gong)藝(yi)管道(dao)內部(bu),所(suo)以伴熱管的(de)管壁(bi)加厚(hou)。無縫鋼管的(de)自然長度一般為8~13m,伴熱管的(de)焊縫又不(bu)允許(xu)留在工(gong)藝(yi)管道(dao)內部(bu),因此彎管的(de)數(shu)量(liang)大(da)大(da)增多(duo),施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)程量(liang)隨(sui)之加大(da)。
④. 伴(ban)熱(re)管(guan)的熱(re)變形問題應予(yu)考慮(lv),否(fou)則將引起伴(ban)熱(re)管(guan)脹裂(lie)事(shi)故,既(ji)影(ying)響產(chan)品質量,又要停(ting)產(chan)檢修。
⑤. 這(zhe)種結構形(xing)式(shi)不能用(yong)于輸送有(you)腐蝕性及熱(re)敏(min)性介質的管道。
2. 外伴熱(re)(re)管伴熱(re)(re)(圖13.1)
伴(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)熱(re)(re)介質一(yi)般有(you)(you)蒸(zheng)汽和熱(re)(re)水兩(liang)種。伴(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)放(fang)(fang)出的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)量,一(yi)部分補充(chong)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(或稱被伴(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)管(guan)(guan))內介質的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)損失,另一(yi)部分通過保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)層散失到(dao)四(si)周大(da)氣中。在(zai)硬質圓形保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)預制管(guan)(guan)殼(ke)中,主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)與伴(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)(you)一(yi)最大(da)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)空間(jian),也就是伴(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)放(fang)(fang)出的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)量,幾乎全(quan)部代替(ti)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)損失,因而這種形式的(de)(de)伴(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)熱(re)(re)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)結構,熱(re)(re)源的(de)(de)耗量是最省的(de)(de)。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)伴(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)采用傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)系數大(da)的(de)(de)伴(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)熱(re)(re)膠泥,填充(chong)在(zai)常(chang)規的(de)(de)外伴(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)與主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)之(zhi)間(jian),使它們形成一(yi)個連續式的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)結合體,可以提高伴(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率。
外伴(ban)熱(re)(re)管伴(ban)熱(re)(re)的特(te)點如下:
①. 適應范圍廣,一般操作溫度在150℃以下的工藝管(guan)道都可以采用(yong)。輸送有腐蝕性或熱(re)(re)敏(min)性介質的管(guan)道,不能用(yong)內伴熱(re)(re)及夾套伴熱(re)(re),但對(dui)于常規(gui)的外伴熱(re)(re)管(guan),只(zhi)要(yao)在主管(guan)與伴熱(re)(re)管(guan)之間用(yong)石棉板隔熱(re)(re)后(hou),仍可采用(yong)。
②. 施工、生產(chan)管(guan)理及檢修(xiu)都比較方便。伴熱管(guan)損壞(huai)后,可以(yi)及時修(xiu)理,既不(bu)(bu)影(ying)響生產(chan),又不(bu)(bu)會出現質量事故。
3. 夾套伴熱
夾套(tao)伴(ban)熱(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)即(ji)在(zai)工(gong)藝(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線的外(wai)面安裝一套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),類似套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換熱(re)器進行換熱(re)。只要伴(ban)熱(re)介(jie)質溫度與內管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)介(jie)質的溫度相同或(huo)略高(gao)一些,就(jiu)能維持(chi)內管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)介(jie)質的溫度,這(zhe)時蒸汽消耗量只要滿足本身(shen)的熱(re)損失,因而伴(ban)熱(re)效(xiao)率是比較高(gao)的。夾套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)伴(ban)熱(re)耗鋼量大,施工(gong)工(gong)程亦大。但它(ta)能應(ying)用于外(wai)伴(ban)熱(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不能滿足工(gong)藝(yi)要求的介(jie)質管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)。如石化(hua)企(qi)業中(zhong)輸送高(gao)凝(ning)固點,高(gao)熔點介(jie)質的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao),需采用這(zhe)種(zhong)伴(ban)熱(re)方式(shi)。
4. 電伴熱
電(dian)伴(ban)熱帶安裝在工藝(yi)(yi)管道(dao)外部,利用電(dian)阻體發熱來補充工藝(yi)(yi)管道(dao)的散熱損失。采用電(dian)伴(ban)熱可(ke)以有(you)效利用能(neng)量,有(you)效控(kong)制溫(wen)度(du)。電(dian)伴(ban)熱方式有(you)感應(ying)加熱法、直(zhi)接通電(dian)法、電(dian)阻加熱法等。