長(chang)輸(shu)管(guan)道一(yi)般具有(you)輸(shu)送(song)距離長(chang)（常穿(chuan)越(yue)(yue)多個(ge)行(xing)政(zheng)區(qu)、省、市，甚至可能(neng)跨越(yue)(yue)國界），輸(shu)送(song)商品介(jie)(jie)質，中途大(da)(da)多設有(you)加壓站，穿(chuan)越(yue)(yue)、跨越(yue)(yue)工(gong)程多，絕大(da)(da)部分為埋地(di)(di)(di)敷設等(deng)(deng)特點(dian)。與公用管(guan)道、工(gong)業管(guan)道相比(bi)較，其主要(yao)(yao)不同(tong)點(dian)是：輸(shu)送(song)的介(jie)(jie)質比(bi)較單(dan)一(yi)；工(gong)藝流(liu)程比(bi)較簡單(dan)；由于輸(shu)送(song)距離長(chang)，要(yao)(yao)求輸(shu)送(song)壓力高(gao)；管(guan)道有(you)可能(neng)通過各種地(di)(di)(di)質條件的地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，如(ru)穿(chuan)越(yue)(yue)沙漠(mo)、沼(zhao)澤(ze)、永(yong)久(jiu)凍土層(ceng)、地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)帶及容易產(chan)生泥石流(liu)等(deng)(deng)條件惡劣地(di)(di)(di)段，并(bing)有(you)可能(neng)穿(chuan)過高(gao)山(shan)、河流(liu)和湖泊(bo)，穿(chuan)越(yue)(yue)公路(lu)和鐵路(lu)。

  公(gong)用管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)城(cheng)鎮服務(wu)的(de)市(shi)政管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，包(bao)括燃氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)熱力管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。與長輸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、工(gong)業管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)相比較，其主要(yao)特點是(shi)(shi)：一般(ban)敷設(she)于城(cheng)鎮地下(xia)，由(you)于城(cheng)鎮人口與建、構筑物稠密(mi)，各(ge)(ge)種地下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與設(she)施多，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)間應保證必要(yao)的(de)安全距離；一般(ban)公(gong)用管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)壓力較低，以盡量減少(shao)介(jie)質(zhi)泄漏而發生(sheng)安全事故；在城(cheng)鎮中(zhong)各(ge)(ge)類用戶(hu)繁多，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)密(mi)集(ji)，選線條(tiao)件復雜；公(gong)用管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)直接為(wei)(wei)千家萬戶(hu)服務(wu)，對于輸送(song)(song)介(jie)質(zhi)成分要(yao)求嚴格；城(cheng)鎮燃氣均為(wei)(wei)常溫輸送(song)(song)，熱力管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)輸送(song)(song)的(de)介(jie)質(zhi)僅為(wei)(wei)熱水和(he)蒸汽，輸送(song)(song)的(de)介(jie)質(zhi)必須要(yao)有所需的(de)熱能(neng)和(he)相應的(de)溫度(du)。

  浙江至(zhi)德鋼業(ye)有(you)限公司主要依據標準規(gui)(gui)范介(jie)紹基本概念(nian)和相關(guan)知識，并把設計時常用到的標準規(gui)(gui)范列(lie)在了各節(jie)的后面。