工(gong)業管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道，是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道支(zhi)吊(diao)架(jia)等組(zu)成(cheng)，用以輸送(song)、分配、混合、分離、排(pai)放、計量或(huo)控制(zhi)流(liu)體流(liu)動。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)用于(yu)(yu)連接或(huo)裝配成(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道的(de)元件(jian)，包括(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)（PiPipe)e）、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)、法(fa)蘭(lan)、墊片(pian)、緊固(gu)件(jian)、閥門(men)以及(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道特(te)殊件(jian)等。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道特(te)殊件(jian)指非普通標準組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)，系按工(gong)程(cheng)設計條件(jian)特(te)殊制(zhi)造的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)，包括(kuo)膨(peng)脹(zhang)節、補償器、特(te)殊閥門(men)、爆(bao)炸片(pian)、阻火(huo)器、過濾器、撓性(xing)接頭及(ji)軟管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道支(zhi)吊(diao)架(jia)，用于(yu)(yu)支(zhi)承管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道或(huo)約束管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道位移的(de)各種結構的(de)總稱，但不包括(kuo)土建結構。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)只是管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道的(de)一部分，當管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)、閥門(men)和其(qi)他機械設備連接，并由支(zhi)吊(diao)架(jia)支(zhi)承時，才(cai)被稱為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道。

  工(gong)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)器(qi)(qi)材(cai)(cai)是(shi)整個管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)設計(ji)過程(cheng)的基(ji)礎部分，它直接(jie)影響到管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)系(xi)統乃至整個工(gong)業(ye)(ye)裝(zhuang)置的安全性(xing)(xing)、可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)和經濟性(xing)(xing)。工(gong)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)器(qi)(qi)材(cai)(cai)在(zai)石油(you)、化工(gong)、石油(you)化工(gong)、電力、輕(qing)紡、船舶、制(zhi)藥等(deng)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)部門的管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)裝(zhuang)置中(zhong)(zhong)所占比例很大。在(zai)石油(you)化工(gong)生產裝(zhuang)置中(zhong)(zhong)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)各主要項目費用所占比例如(ru)圖16.1所示(shi)。

工業管道(dao)常(chang)用材料分類見表16.2。