工業(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，是由(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)支(zhi)吊(diao)架等組成(cheng)，用以(yi)輸送(song)、分配(pei)(pei)、混合、分離、排放(fang)、計(ji)量或控制流體流動(dong)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用于連(lian)接或裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)成(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)（PiPipe)e）、管(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、法蘭(lan)、墊片、緊固件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、閥門(men)以(yi)及管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)指(zhi)非普通標準(zhun)組成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，系按工程(cheng)設計(ji)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)特(te)殊制造(zao)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括(kuo)膨脹節、補償器(qi)(qi)、特(te)殊閥門(men)、爆炸片、阻(zu)火器(qi)(qi)、過濾器(qi)(qi)、撓(nao)性接頭及軟管(guan)(guan)(guan)等。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)支(zhi)吊(diao)架，用于支(zhi)承管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)或約束(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)位移(yi)的各種結構的總稱(cheng)，但不包(bao)括(kuo)土建(jian)結構。管(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)只(zhi)是管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的一部分，當(dang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、閥門(men)和其他機械(xie)設備連(lian)接，并由(you)(you)支(zhi)吊(diao)架支(zhi)承時，才被(bei)稱(cheng)為管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。

  工(gong)業管(guan)道器(qi)材(cai)(cai)是整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)管(guan)道設計過程的(de)基礎部(bu)分，它直接影響到管(guan)道系統乃至整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)業裝置(zhi)的(de)安(an)全性、可靠性和(he)經濟(ji)性。工(gong)業管(guan)道器(qi)材(cai)(cai)在(zai)石油、化(hua)工(gong)、石油化(hua)工(gong)、電(dian)力、輕紡、船舶(bo)、制藥等工(gong)業部(bu)門的(de)管(guan)道裝置(zhi)中(zhong)所(suo)占比例很(hen)大。在(zai)石油化(hua)工(gong)生產裝置(zhi)中(zhong)，管(guan)道材(cai)(cai)料(liao)中(zhong)各主要項目費用(yong)所(suo)占比例如圖16.1所(suo)示。

工業(ye)管(guan)道常用(yong)材(cai)料分類見表16.2。