工業(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，是(shi)由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組成件(jian)(jian)(jian)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)支(zhi)吊架等(deng)組成，用(yong)(yong)以輸送、分(fen)(fen)配、混合(he)、分(fen)(fen)離、排放、計量或(huo)控(kong)制(zhi)流體(ti)流動。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組成件(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)于連接或(huo)裝配成管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子（PiPipe)e）、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、法蘭、墊片(pian)、緊固件(jian)(jian)(jian)、閥門(men)(men)以及(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)特殊件(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)特殊件(jian)(jian)(jian)指非普(pu)通標準組成件(jian)(jian)(jian)，系按工程(cheng)設(she)計條件(jian)(jian)(jian)特殊制(zhi)造的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組成件(jian)(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括(kuo)膨脹節、補償器(qi)、特殊閥門(men)(men)、爆(bao)炸片(pian)、阻火器(qi)、過(guo)濾器(qi)、撓性(xing)接頭及(ji)軟(ruan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)支(zhi)吊架，用(yong)(yong)于支(zhi)承管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)或(huo)約(yue)束管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)位移的(de)(de)各種結構的(de)(de)總(zong)稱，但(dan)不包(bao)括(kuo)土建結構。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子只是(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)一(yi)部分(fen)(fen)，當管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、閥門(men)(men)和其他機(ji)械設(she)備連接，并由支(zhi)吊架支(zhi)承時，才(cai)被稱為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。

  工(gong)(gong)業管(guan)道(dao)(dao)器(qi)材(cai)是(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)設計過(guo)程的(de)基礎部(bu)分，它直接影響(xiang)到(dao)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)系統乃至整(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)業裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)安全性(xing)、可靠性(xing)和經(jing)濟性(xing)。工(gong)(gong)業管(guan)道(dao)(dao)器(qi)材(cai)在(zai)石(shi)油、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、石(shi)油化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、電力、輕紡、船(chuan)舶、制藥等工(gong)(gong)業部(bu)門的(de)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)中所占(zhan)比例(li)很大。在(zai)石(shi)油化(hua)工(gong)(gong)生產裝(zhuang)置(zhi)中，管(guan)道(dao)(dao)材(cai)料(liao)中各主要項目費(fei)用(yong)所占(zhan)比例(li)如(ru)圖16.1所示。

工(gong)業管道常(chang)用材料分(fen)類見表16.2。