焊接不銹鋼(gang)異徑(jing)管的一般要求有以下幾點:
①. 焊制(zhi)異徑(jing)管(guan)的圓度(du)不應(ying)大于(yu)各(ge)端外徑(jing)的1%,且不大于(yu)5mm.
②. 同(tong)心(xin)異徑(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)兩端中心(xin)線應(ying)重合,其偏(pian)心(xin)值(a1-a2)/2(符號見(jian)圖(tu)2-50)不應(ying)大(da)(da)于(yu)大(da)(da)端外徑(jing)(jing)的1%,且不應(ying)大(da)(da)于(yu)5mm;偏(pian)心(xin)異徑(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)過渡區(qu)應(ying)圓滑。
1. 同心異徑管展開圖
圖2-51為同心異徑管(guan)展開圖,其(qi)作圖步驟如下(xia)。
①. 按已知尺寸畫(hua)出(chu)主視(shi)圖和俯視(shi)圖,將其上、下口分(fen)成12等(deng)份,使表面組成24個三角形。
②. 采用直角三角形法求出(chu)1-2'線的(de)實長。
③. 按(an)照已知三(san)邊(bian)作三(san)角(jiao)形的方法,即(ji)可得到同心異徑管(guan)的展開圖。
2. 不銹鋼異徑管的制作(zuo)
不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)異徑(jing)管分(fen)同心(xin)和偏心(xin)兩種,可用卷焊(han)、摔(shuai)制、抽條等(deng)方法制作。
采用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)卷(juan)焊時(shi),先(xian)作(zuo)(zuo)出樣板(ban)(ban)(ban),然(ran)后將樣板(ban)(ban)(ban)平鋪(pu)在鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上劃線、下(xia)料,并(bing)按(an)要求加工坡(po)口,除去毛刺和氧(yang)化鐵皮,用(yong)(yong)滾板(ban)(ban)(ban)機(ji)或壓力(li)機(ji)卷(juan)圓(yuan),再用(yong)(yong)1/4圓(yuan)的弧形樣板(ban)(ban)(ban)檢(jian)查內圓(yuan)的弧度。經(jing)修理達到要求后施(shi)焊。無(wu)機(ji)械卷(juan)圓(yuan)時(shi),也可用(yong)(yong)手工卷(juan)制(zhi),如圖2-52所示。制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi),先(xian)在切(qie)割好的鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上分區域劃線條,按(an)區向內敲打彎制(zhi),錘(chui)擊力(li)量要適當,以(yi)免用(yong)(yong)力(li)過大鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)產(chan)生過度變形,并(bing)隨時(shi)用(yong)(yong)1/4圓(yuan)弧形樣板(ban)(ban)(ban)檢(jian)查;發現扭曲不對口時(shi),可用(yong)(yong)工具(ju)校正。
當管(guan)徑較小、采用(yong)(yong)鋼板卷制(zhi)有困(kun)難(nan)時(shi),異徑管(guan)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)鋼管(guan)摔(shuai)(shuai)制(zhi)。制(zhi)作時(shi),先(xian)用(yong)(yong)烘(hong)爐(lu)或氧-乙炔焰(yan)將管(guan)子加熱(re)到800~950℃.摔(shuai)(shuai)同心異徑管(guan)時(shi),邊(bian)錘擊邊(bian)轉動(dong)(dong)管(guan)子,由大到小,使管(guan)面圓弧均勻過渡,錘面要放平,防(fang)止錘擊時(shi)使管(guan)壁(bi)產生麻(ma)面。一遍摔(shuai)(shuai)不(bu)好時(shi),可(ke)再加熱(re),直到摔(shuai)(shuai)成為(wei)止。摔(shuai)(shuai)偏心大小頭(tou)時(shi),管(guan)下(xia)壁(bi)不(bu)應加熱(re),采用(yong)(yong)烘(hong)爐(lu)加熱(re)時(shi),可(ke)用(yong)(yong)水將管(guan)下(xia)壁(bi)冷卻(que)后再摔(shuai)(shuai)管(guan)。摔(shuai)(shuai)制(zhi)時(shi),應左(zuo)右轉動(dong)(dong),使其過渡圓滑。
制(zhi)作異(yi)(yi)徑管(guan)(guan)時,其變(bian)徑過渡區的長(chang)度視管(guan)(guan)徑不同而異(yi)(yi),為減小(xiao)局部阻(zu)力,一般(ban)不應小(xiao)于大管(guan)(guan)外徑。