頂壓粘接(jie)法的(de)基本原(yuan)理(li)是(shi)：在大于泄漏介質壓力(li)的(de)人(ren)為(wei)外(wai)力(li)作用(yong)下，首(shou)先迫使泄漏止(zhi)住，再利用(yong)膠黏劑的(de)特性對泄漏部位進行粘接(jie)，待膠黏劑固化后，撤出外(wai)力(li)，達到重新密封的(de)目的(de)。頂壓粘接(jie)法的(de)關鍵(jian)是(shi)頂壓工具。

1. 管道法蘭(lan)泄(xie)漏頂(ding)壓工具(ju)及操作(zuo)方法

當在線亞洲日產一區二區:不銹鋼法蘭發生點狀泄漏時，采用頂壓粘接法處理過程如下。首先把法蘭頂壓工具固定在泄漏法蘭上，準備好一段石棉盤根，將這段石棉盤根在事先調配好的環氧樹脂膠液中浸透一下，如果泄漏介質能使環氧樹脂溶解，則選擇其他不被泄漏介質所溶解的膠黏劑膠液或修補劑，正對著泄漏處將這段浸膠盤根壓入不銹鋼法蘭連接間隙內（當泄漏量較大或泄漏介質有較強的溶解性、腐蝕性，盤根難以放入時，可以改用鉛條），用錘子將浸膠盤根打入法蘭間隙內，迅速將頂塊4裝好，如圖6-29所示，然后把頂壓螺桿3對準頂塊4的定位圓孔，旋轉頂壓螺桿3,這時通過頂壓螺桿3及頂塊4,就會把浸膠石棉盤根緊緊地壓到泄漏點處，迫使泄漏停止。泄漏一旦止住，就可以對泄漏法蘭按粘接技術的要求進行必要的處理，主要是清除影響粘接效果的油污、疏松的鐵銹及進行脫脂處理，再用事先配制好的膠黏劑膠泥填塞滿頂塊4的周圍，待膠黏劑膠泥完全固化后，撤除頂壓工具。法蘭泄漏的頂壓工具有多種形式。圖6-30所示為雙螺桿定位緊固式，前端有一圓形鋼塊，當螺桿旋轉時，它只做軸向移動而無轉動，這樣它就能很好地把頂壓工具固定在泄漏法蘭上，用兩個這樣的螺桿可以調整頂壓螺桿3的位置，使它能準確地對正泄漏法蘭的間隙處，頂壓螺桿 3 主要作用是把螺旋力通過頂壓塊5及浸膠石棉盤根轉化為止住泄漏的外力，迫使泄漏停止。

 2. 管道泄漏(lou)頂壓工具(ju)及操作方法

 ①. U形管道(dao)頂壓工(gong)具 

  這種頂壓工具如圖6-31所示。它主要由三大部分組成：U形螺栓、支承板、頂壓螺桿。現場操作時，首先將U形頂壓工具安裝在無泄漏的在線亞洲日產一區二區:不銹鋼管段上，調整好各部位置，然后向泄漏點方向移動，并使頂壓螺桿的軸線對準泄漏缺陷，迅速旋轉頂壓螺桿，使其前端的鋁鉚釘牢牢地壓在泄漏點上，迫使泄漏停止。泄漏一旦止住，既可處理需要粘接的金屬部位，并用事先配制好的膠黏劑膠泥把鋁鉚釘或軟性填料粘于泄漏部位上，待膠黏劑充分固化后，就可以拆除頂壓工具，鋸掉長出的鋁鉚釘，完成作業。

 ②. 粘接式頂壓工具 

  這種頂(ding)(ding)壓工(gong)具(ju)必(bi)須先采用快速(su)固化的(de)(de)膠黏劑將其粘(zhan)接(jie)在泄(xie)漏(lou)缺陷上，然后消除泄(xie)漏(lou)。它的(de)(de)基本形式如(ru)圖6-32所示，由支(zhi)承架及(ji)頂(ding)(ding)壓螺桿組成。帶壓修補作(zuo)業前，首(shou)先把泄(xie)漏(lou)周圍，特別是(shi)(shi)粘(zhan)接(jie)固定(ding)頂(ding)(ding)壓工(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)位置，按粘(zhan)接(jie)技術的(de)(de)要求認(ren)真處(chu)理好，然后觀察(cha)頂(ding)(ding)壓工(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)兩(liang)個支(zhi)腳與泄(xie)漏(lou)部(bu)位的(de)(de)吻合(he)情況(kuang)。如(ru)果(guo)兩(liang)者間隙相差太大(da)，則(ze)應調整一下(xia)，同時使頂(ding)(ding)壓螺桿的(de)(de)軸線通過泄(xie)漏(lou)缺陷的(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)，并在腳上做標記(ji)，這時就可(ke)以粘(zhan)接(jie)固定(ding)頂(ding)(ding)壓工(gong)具(ju)了。頂(ding)(ding)壓工(gong)具(ju)在不銹鋼管道上的(de)(de)粘(zhan)接(jie)形式有兩(liang)種，一種是(shi)(shi)軸向粘(zhan)接(jie)式，另一種是(shi)(shi)環向粘(zhan)接(jie)式。

 ③. 三(san)通焊道專用頂壓工具 

  三通焊(han)道(dao)專用頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工具基本結構如圖6-33所(suo)示(shi)。它由固(gu)定(ding)部分(fen)及頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)螺(luo)桿兩(liang)部分(fen)組(zu)成、作(zuo)業(ye)時，根據泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)量(liang)的大小，選擇好頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)螺(luo)桿、然后把兩(liang)半的鐵箍螺(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)連接固(gu)定(ding)在泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)法蘭(lan)上、通過(guo)扳動(dong)手柄，使頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)螺(luo)桿的軸線正(zheng)好通過(guo)泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)缺陷(xian)的中心，然后把連接螺(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)擰(ning)禁，如圖6-34所(suo)示(shi)。對于(yu)間斷性泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)或連續滴(di)狀泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)，應配(pei)合(he)軟性填料進行帶(dai)壓(ya)(ya)密封作(zuo)業(ye)：對于(yu)噴(pen)射狀泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)，則應配(pei)合(he)鋁鉚釘進行帶(dai)壓(ya)(ya)密封作(zuo)業(ye)。

 ④. 多功(gong)能頂壓(ya)工具 

 多(duo)(duo)功能(neng)(neng)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根據常見泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)部(bu)位(wei)的(de)情況，綜(zong)合各(ge)類頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)的(de)特(te)點而(er)設計的(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)小巧玲(ling)瓏、通(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性強的(de)帶壓(ya)(ya)修補作(zuo)業專用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)。圖(tu)6-35所(suo)示是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)法(fa)蘭上(shang)(shang)的(de)情況，圖(tu)6-36所(suo)示是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)管道上(shang)(shang)的(de)情況，從圖(tu)中可以(yi)看(kan)出(chu)，多(duo)(duo)功能(neng)(neng)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)曲四大部(bu)分組成，第一部(bu)分是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)止漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)部(bu)分，包括(kuo)鋁鉚釘(ding)1、頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)螺(luo)桿(gan)2、定(ding)位(wei)螺(luo)桿(gan)4、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)塊5、內六(liu)角(jiao)螺(luo)桿(gan)6、螺(luo)釘(ding)7、換向(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)頭8、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)頭9.第二部(bu)分是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)卡腳(jiao)，前(qian)(qian)卡腳(jiao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，它的(de)上(shang)(shang)端(duan)(duan)可以(yi)安(an)裝(zhuang)換向(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)頭，也可以(yi)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)安(an)裝(zhuang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)9,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)頭也可直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)按(an)要求(qiu)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)旁邊的(de)孔內，并把螺(luo)釘(ding)3拆下(xia)，擰(ning)入它下(xia)端(duan)(duan)的(de)螺(luo)紋孔內起固(gu)(gu)定(ding)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，前(qian)(qian)卡腳(jiao)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)及后卡腳(jiao)，使(shi)整套(tao)(tao)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)管道上(shang)(shang)的(de)構件。它的(de)上(shang)(shang)端(duan)(duan)可以(yi)攀(pan)纏鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)，也可以(yi)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)法(fa)蘭上(shang)(shang)，并通(tong)(tong)(tong)過內六(liu)角(jiao)螺(luo)釘(ding)11、緊(jin)(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)螺(luo)桿(gan)15使(shi)前(qian)(qian)后卡腳(jiao)連為(wei)一體(ti)。第三部(bu)分是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卡腳(jiao)部(bu)分，它的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)整套(tao)(tao)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)泄(xie)握部(bu)位(wei)上(shang)(shang)，它的(de)上(shang)(shang)端(duan)(duan)有兩(liang)個(ge)7mm的(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)孔，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)穿過鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)，并通(tong)(tong)(tong)過擰(ning)緊(jin)(jin)(jin)螺(luo)釘(ding)12使(shi)鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)前(qian)(qian)卡腳(jiao)上(shang)(shang)，前(qian)(qian)卡腳(jiao)的(de)中部(bu)為(wei)一個(ge)17mm的(de)圓(yuan)孔，緊(jin)(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)螺(luo)桿(gan)15從此孔穿過，并可通(tong)(tong)(tong)過旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)緊(jin)(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)螺(luo)母14,起到收緊(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。同理(li)，在(zai)處理(li)法(fa)蘭泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)時，多(duo)(duo)功能(neng)(neng)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過緊(jin)(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)螺(luo)母14使(shi)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)法(fa)蘭上(shang)(shang)的(de)，緊(jin)(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)螺(luo)桿(gan)的(de)規格(ge)為(wei)M16.第四部(bu)分是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)，鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)的(de)直(zhi)徑(jing)為(wei)95mm,它的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過前(qian)(qian)卡腳(jiao)和后卡腳(jiao)，并通(tong)(tong)(tong)過擰(ning)緊(jin)(jin)(jin)緊(jin)(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)螺(luo)母14而(er)使(shi)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)管道上(shang)(shang)，鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)的(de)長(chang)度隨泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)管道的(de)直(zhi)徑(jing)而(er)變。歸(gui)納起來，多(duo)(duo)功能(neng)(neng)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)的(de)特(te)點如(ru)下(xia)。

  a. 利用(yong)鋼絲繩可將頂壓工具安裝在任何(he)直徑的(de)泄漏管道上，通用(yong)性強。

  b. 多功能(neng)頂壓工具有(you)三個旋轉機構，可以全方(fang)位回轉，使用(yong)方(fang)便。

  c. 可以(yi)對(dui)法蘭焊(han)縫(feng)、三通焊(han)縫(feng)及管(guan)道面上任意方向的焊(han)縫(feng)泄漏進行(xing)帶壓密封作業，頂壓螺桿端(duan)部采(cai)用(yong)軟性填料，還可以(yi)處理(li)各種較大的裂紋。

  d. 頂壓螺(luo)桿可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)配(pei)合鋁鉚釘使用(yong)的，也可(ke)以(yi)換成尖頂的，配(pei)合頂壓塊及軟性填料、軟金屬使用(yong)的，可(ke)以(yi)分別處理(li)連續滴狀泄(xie)漏和噴射狀泄(xie)漏。

  e. 利(li)用鋼絲(si)繩、主桿(gan)、頂壓螺桿(gan)還可以處理管道法蘭墊片(pian)發生的(de)泄(xie)漏。

  f. 鋼絲繩(sheng)、主(zhu)桿(gan)和頂壓螺桿(gan)實際上就是一副任(ren)意大小的管道頂壓工具。