熔化極氬弧焊是使用熔化電極(焊絲)的氬氣保護電弧焊,簡稱MIG焊,MICMLIt Gas Arc Welding的縮寫。
一、熔化極(ji)氬弧(hu)焊的特(te)點(dian)
在線亞洲日產一區二區:熔化極氬弧焊的焊接原理如圖5-5所示。熔化極氬弧焊焊接時,焊絲本身既是電極起導電、燃弧的作用,又連續熔化起填充焊縫的作用。因為以氬氣作為保護氣體,因此它不但具有氬弧的特性,還具有以下特點:

1. 生(sheng)產效率高
熔(rong)化極(ji)(ji)氬弧焊(han)與鎢(wu)極(ji)(ji)氬弧焊(han)相(xiang)比,它以(yi)焊(han)絲代替非熔(rong)化的鎢(wu)極(ji)(ji),所以(yi)能夠承(cheng)受(shou)較大(da)的焊(han)接電(dian)流(liu),電(dian)流(liu)密度(du)大(da)大(da)提高。例如,Φ1.6mm的鎢(wu)極(ji)(ji),在(zai)直(zhi)流(liu)正極(ji)(ji)性(鎢(wu)極(ji)(ji)氬弧焊(han))下(xia)最大(da)許(xu)用電(dian)流(liu)為150A,而同樣直(zhi)徑(jing)(Φ1.6mm)的焊(han)絲,熔(rong)化極(ji)(ji)氬弧焊(han)下(xia)的焊(han)接電(dian)流(liu)常達350A。因此,熔(rong)化極(ji)(ji)氬弧焊(han)電(dian)弧功率大(da),能量集中,熔(rong)透能力強,大(da)大(da)提高了焊(han)接生產(chan)效(xiao)率。
2. 熔滴過渡(du)形式便于控制
熔化極氬弧焊(han)可(ke)(ke)(ke)實現不同的(de)熔滴(di)過渡(du)(du)形式,如(ru)短路過渡(du)(du)、噴(pen)射(she)過渡(du)(du)、亞射(she)流過渡(du)(du)和可(ke)(ke)(ke)控脈沖(chong)射(she)流過渡(du)(du)等,所以,可(ke)(ke)(ke)焊(han)接的(de)工(gong)件厚度范圍較(jiao)寬,能(neng)實現各種空間位置或全(quan)位置的(de)焊(han)接。
3. 飛濺少
熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)極氬(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)弧焊(han)在(zai)噴射過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)(du)時幾乎無(wu)飛濺(jian),即使(shi)在(zai)短(duan)路過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)(du)時,與二氧化(hua)(hua)碳焊(han)相比(bi)(bi)飛濺(jian)也很少。由于在(zai)氬(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)中電(dian)弧的(de)電(dian)場強度(du)比(bi)(bi)在(zai)二氧化(hua)(hua)碳氣(qi)體中低,所以氬(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)弧的(de)陽極斑點容易擴展(zhan),并籠罩著熔(rong)(rong)(rong)滴(di)的(de)較大(da)面積,使(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)滴(di)受(shou)力均勻。熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)極氬(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)弧焊(han)短(duan)路過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)(du)時熔(rong)(rong)(rong)滴(di)與熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池接觸(chu)后,在(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)滴(di)與熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池間形成小(xiao)橋,電(dian)磁力和(he)表面張力都促(cu)使(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)金屬過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)(du)到熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池中,有(you)利于熔(rong)(rong)(rong)滴(di)的(de)短(duan)路過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)(du)。所以熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)極氬(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)弧焊(han)短(duan)路過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)(du)焊(han)接時,短(duan)路時間短(duan),并且(qie)過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)(du)比(bi)(bi)較規(gui)律,短(duan)路峰值電(dian)流(liu)比(bi)(bi)較小(xiao),因而飛濺(jian)要比(bi)(bi)二氧化(hua)(hua)碳焊(han)少得多。
二、 熔化極氬弧焊的(de)應用
熔化(hua)極氬(ya)弧(hu)焊應用(yong)初(chu)期(qi)主要(yao)用(yong)來焊接鋁、鎂及其(qi)合金(jin),其(qi)后由(you)于富氬(ya)混(hun)合氣(qi)體的廣(guang)泛應用(yong),熔化(hua)極氬(ya)弧(hu)焊應用(yong)范圍不(bu)斷擴大,幾乎(hu)可以焊接所有的金(jin)屬(shu),如鋁、鎂、銅和鎳及它們(men)的合金(jin),不(bu)銹鋼、碳鋼、低合金(jin)結構鋼等材(cai)料,尤其(qi)是焊接鋁、鎂及其(qi)合金(jin)時,采用(yong)直流反極性有良好的陰(yin)極清理作(zuo)用(yong),提高了焊接接頭的質量(liang)。
熔(rong)化(hua)極氬弧焊(han)使(shi)用的(de)(de)焊(han)絲,根據其(qi)直徑(jing)的(de)(de)不同(tong),有(you)細絲和粗絲之分(fen)。一(yi)般(ban)認(ren)為(wei),焊(han)絲直徑(jing)小于(yu)ф1.6mm,屬(shu)細絲焊(han);大(da)于(yu)Φ1.6mm,屬(shu)粗絲焊(han),粗絲的(de)(de)直徑(jing)可達Φ6mm.焊(han)絲直徑(jing)不同(tong),則電(dian)(dian)弧形態和使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)流范(fan)圍(wei)也(ye)不同(tong)。近年來,粗絲大(da)電(dian)(dian)流熔(rong)化(hua)極氬弧焊(han)得到迅速發展,通常使(shi)用直徑(jing)為(wei)Φ3.2mm以(yi)上的(de)(de)粗絲和500A以(yi)上的(de)(de)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流,也(ye)是一(yi)種可實現厚板焊(han)接(jie)的(de)(de)高效焊(han)接(jie)法。
三、 熔(rong)化極氬弧焊設(she)備

用于在線亞洲日產一區二區:不銹鋼管焊接的是自動熔化極氬弧焊,其設備包括:焊接電源、送絲機構及焊槍、控制系統、供氣系統和小車行走機構等幾個部分(圖5-6).某型號水冷式鎢氬弧焊和熔化極氬弧焊雙用焊槍見圖5-7。

