冷彎(wan)成型產(chan)品在生(sheng)產(chan)加工時一定要注意(yi)產(chan)品的彈性變形和(he)在成型過程中形成的張力,主要特點如下:


1. 產品的(de)彈(dan)性變(bian)形


  冷彎(wan)(wan)產品(pin)質(zhi)量很大程度上取決于冷彎(wan)(wan)成型機的(de)精度。欲正確調(diao)整冷彎(wan)(wan)成型機,必須要預(yu)先確定金屬對輥(gun)的(de)壓力與輥(gun)縫(feng)之間的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化關(guan)系,即彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)情況(kuang)。成型機的(de)彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)由工作輥(gun)、軸(zhou)承及軸(zhou)承座、機架牌坊(fang)、壓下裝(zhuang)置等的(de)彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)和安(an)裝(zhuang)間隙組成。研究表明,當(dang)總負載(zai)不大時,軋輥(gun)彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)僅占(zhan)總彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)的(de)25%;而當(dang)載(zai)荷大時(達200kN),成型輥(gun)彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)占(zhan)總彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)的(de)70%。可見成型輥(gun)的(de)彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)是成型機彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)中的(de)主要部分。


  生產實際及理論計算表明,對于(yu)(1~4)mm×(400~1500)mm冷(leng)(leng)彎(wan)成型(xing)(xing)機,當冷(leng)(leng)彎(wan)集(ji)中載荷(he)為200kN時(shi),成型(xing)(xing)輥彈性(xing)變形達1.49mm.


  成(cheng)型(xing)機彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)對產品(pin)(pin)質量的影響可在成(cheng)型(xing)輥孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)設(she)置輥縫時加以(yi)補償。它應等于金(jin)屬料(liao)厚度與(yu)彈(dan)(dan)跳間距差值。另外,冷彎(wan)生(sheng)產實踐及理論研究表明,冷彎(wan)過程中(zhong)除塑性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)外,還存在彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)和彈(dan)(dan)塑性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)共存的狀況,當金(jin)屬移(yi)出孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)后,彎(wan)曲(qu)角(jiao)要發生(sheng)變(bian)(bian)化。如(ru)圖5-16(a)所示,設(she)計(ji)彎(wan)曲(qu)角(jiao)為(wei)β,移(yi)出孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)后會回彈(dan)(dan)γ角(jiao)度,因此欲得精確形(xing)(xing)狀產品(pin)(pin),成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)道(dao)次(ci)應考慮過量彎(wan)角(jiao)度,以(yi)彌補回彈(dan)(dan),見圖5-16(b).實踐證明,材料(liao)彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)極(ji)限越(yue)(yue)大,回彈(dan)(dan)就越(yue)(yue)大,材料(liao)越(yue)(yue)厚回彈(dan)(dan)越(yue)(yue)大,彎(wan)曲(qu)臂越(yue)(yue)長回彈(dan)(dan)越(yue)(yue)大,彎(wan)曲(qu)角(jiao)越(yue)(yue)多回彈(dan)(dan)也(ye)會越(yue)(yue)大。


圖 16.jpg


  此(ci)外工(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)的不同(tong),材料彎曲時應力、應變(bian)狀(zhuang)態不同(tong),回彈(dan)量亦不同(tong)。一般認為(wei),對于簡單斷(duan)面冷彎型(xing)鋼,由于彎折處(chu)及邊部存(cun)在(zai)拉應力,回彈(dan)較小,所(suo)以一般可(ke)不取(qu)過(guo)(guo)量彎角度,或(huo)者僅考慮30'~1°即可(ke)。而對于波(bo)紋型(xing)鋼,中心波(bo)要考慮向(xiang)內過(guo)(guo)彎1°,邊波(bo)要大30'。


2. 機組張力


  在冷彎成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機組上(shang),帶鋼前進(jin)的(de)驅動力(li)是通過驅動輥和帶鋼之間(jian)的(de)摩擦力(li)傳遞的(de)。為了在成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)過程中形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)張力(li)、不(bu)產(chan)生堆(dui)鋼、使成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)后(hou)型(xing)(xing)鋼平(ping)(ping)直(zhi),成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥的(de)平(ping)(ping)均輥徑要(yao)加工成(cheng)從第(di)一(yi)架(jia)開始逐漸(jian)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)的(de)趨勢,即(ji)Dn+1稍(shao)大(da)于(yu)Dn,使后(hou)一(yi)架(jia)對前一(yi)架(jia)有一(yi)個(ge)拉伸作(zuo)用。由(you)于(yu)直(zhi)徑增(zeng)(zeng)加其線速(su)度就會增(zeng)(zeng)加,因此(ci)在架(jia)次之間(jian)就形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了張力(li),從而帶鋼能平(ping)(ping)直(zhi)地運(yun)行。


 Dn+1=(1.005~1.010)Dn


 式中 Dn 第n架成型輥(gun)平均直徑;


 Dn+1 第n+1架成型輥平均直徑。