輥式冷彎成型是以金屬薄板或帶卷為原料，并通過多架裝配了具有一定形狀的成型輥對坯料逐架次進行彎曲變形，從而得到均一最面的產品的塑性加工方法。

  一般每(mei)架成(cheng)(cheng)型機(ji)裝有一對(dui)(dui)或(huo)多對(dui)(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)型輥，每(mei)列(lie)成(cheng)(cheng)型機(ji)組由兩架以上的成(cheng)(cheng)型機(ji)組線(xian)。在輥式冷彎(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型過程(cheng)中(zhong)只有彎(wan)(wan)(wan)曲變形。除坯料(liao)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)曲角局(ju)部有輕微減薄外(wai)，變形材(cai)料(liao)的厚度(du)在成(cheng)(cheng)型過程(cheng)中(zhong)保持(chi)不變。這種加(jia)(jia)工(gong)方法特別(bie)適合于外(wai)形縱長、批量(liang)較(jiao)大的高(gao)精(jing)度(du)產品的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，此(ci)外(wai)，在輥式冷彎(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型過程(cheng)中(zhong)，可(ke)以很容(rong)易地將沖裁、打(da)孔、壓印、縱彎(wan)(wan)(wan)等輔助加(jia)(jia)工(gong)引入進(jin)來(lai)。

  輥式冷彎成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝可分為(wei)四(si)種(zhong)，即(ji)(ji)單張（或單件）成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝、成(cheng)(cheng)卷成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝、連續成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝和聯合加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝。每一種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝都可分為(wei)3個(ge)階段(duan)(duan)，即(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)前坯料準備階段(duan)(duan)、成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)加工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)(duan)、型(xing)材精整階段(duan)(duan)。

  單張成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)就(jiu)是預定尺坯料(liao)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)方法(fa)。這(zhe)種(zhong)方法(fa)在坯料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)之前將坯料(liao)切(qie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)定尺長度，然后(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)送料(liao)輥將坯料(liao)送進成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)的(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)不必(bi)經剪切(qie)即可收集入庫。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥的(de)速度一般(ban)在15~75m/min.這(zhe)種(zhong)工(gong)藝(yi)主要應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于小(xiao)批量、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)鋸切(qie)比(bi)較困難的(de)情況下(xia)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)單張成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)組的(de)設備較簡單、工(gong)具(ju)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)少、投資低(di)。但(dan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)生產(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)得到的(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)邊部縱(zong)向拉(la)伸(shen)較大，因(yin)而只有利用(yong)(yong)(yong)側立輥才能得到比(bi)較精確的(de)產(chan)品(pin)形。

  成(cheng)卷(juan)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工藝(yi)和連續成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工藝(yi)基本相同(tong)，所不同(tong)的(de)是連續成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)時(shi)前(qian)一(yi)卷(juan)帶(dai)材(cai)(cai)的(de)尾(wei)部與后一(yi)卷(juan)帶(dai)材(cai)(cai)的(de)頭部經過齊對焊(han)(han)，使坯(pi)料帶(dai)材(cai)(cai)連續不斷(duan)地進人(ren)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機(ji)進行(xing)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。而成(cheng)卷(juan)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)時(shi)帶(dai)卷(juan)頭尾(wei)不對焊(han)(han)，進行(xing)單(dan)卷(juan)供料成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。與單(dan)張成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工藝(yi)相比，這兩(liang)種成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工藝(yi)更加(jia)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)、高(gao)(gao)產、通用。這兩(liang)種成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工藝(yi)的(de)主要優點是：

①. 帶卷成(cheng)本低、切損(sun)少，因而(er)降低了材料總成(cheng)本。

②. 由于需要(yao)(yao)的成型(xing)機架數少且不需要(yao)(yao)額外的導衛裝(zhuang)置，因而工(gong)具成本低。

③. 可以加(jia)工形狀(zhuang)比單張(zhang)成型工藝更復(fu)雜(za)的型材。

④. 型材的頭尾部(bu)扭曲及張開(kai)度減小(xiao)。

⑤. 由于操作(zuo)幾(ji)乎是連續的，因而生產率得到提高。

  但這兩種成型(xing)工藝需要(yao)開卷(juan)機、活套器、對(dui)焊機、定尺飛鋸(ju)或飛剪(jian)等輔助設備，因而其機組(zu)設備投(tou)資較大、占地較大。成型(xing)機組(zu)的成型(xing)速度一(yi)般為(wei)30~90m/min.目前投(tou)產的絕大多數輥式冷彎成型(xing)機組(zu)均是采用這兩種工藝，因此后(hou)面將(jiang)以這兩種成型(xing)工藝為(wei)例進行(xing)重點闡述，圖5-1給出了其工藝流(liu)程示意圖。

  聯合加工(gong)工(gong)藝用(yong)于加工(gong)具有(you)特定要求(qiu)的(de)冷(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)，如高(gao)強度冷(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)、閉口焊(han)(han)接冷(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)、熱處(chu)理(li)強化冷(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)、周期波紋板(ban)沖(chong)孔冷(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)，涂層(ceng)冷(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)等(deng)。聯合加工(gong)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)設(she)備最復雜、投(tou)資最高(gao)。根據產品的(de)要求(qiu)這(zhe)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)可包括(kuo)如下(xia)設(she)備：直(zhi)縫(feng)焊(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)、對焊(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)、輥式沖(chong)孔機(ji)(ji)、輥式壓印機(ji)(ji)、涂層(ceng)機(ji)(ji)、熱處(chu)理(li)設(she)備等(deng)。

 輥(gun)式冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)是用一(yi)組成型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)將帶材逐漸壓彎(wan)(wan)成所(suo)需的(de)斷面型(xing)(xing)(xing)材，現以冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)角鋼(gang)為(wei)例，圖5-2是由4個機(ji)(ji)架組成的(de)輥(gun)式冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)組，第(di)(di)一(yi)機(ji)(ji)架完成帶材的(de)平(ping)整和送進工作，第(di)(di)二～第(di)(di)四機(ji)(ji)架各(ge)承擔一(yi)定的(de)壓彎(wan)(wan)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)任務，使帶材通過后被彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)壓制(zhi)成角型(xing)(xing)(xing)材。每(mei)一(yi)對成型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)所(suo)分擔的(de)彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)變形量，決定了該機(ji)(ji)架孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)計的(de)基(ji)本尺寸。不過至今的(de)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)計主要(yao)還(huan)是依靠經驗(yan)的(de)積(ji)累，尚(shang)缺乏理論(lun)解析方法。