輥式冷彎成型是以金屬薄板或帶卷為原料，并通過多架裝配了具有一定形狀的成型輥對坯料逐架次進行彎曲變形，從而得到均一最面的產品的塑性加工方法。

  一(yi)般每架成型(xing)機裝有(you)(you)一(yi)對或多對成型(xing)輥(gun)，每列成型(xing)機組由兩架以(yi)上的(de)成型(xing)機組線(xian)。在輥(gun)式冷(leng)彎(wan)成型(xing)過程中(zhong)只(zhi)有(you)(you)彎(wan)曲變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)。除坯料彎(wan)曲角局(ju)部有(you)(you)輕(qing)微減(jian)薄外(wai)，變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)材料的(de)厚度在成型(xing)過程中(zhong)保持不變(bian)(bian)。這種加工(gong)方法特別適合于外(wai)形(xing)(xing)縱(zong)長(chang)、批量較大(da)的(de)高精度產品的(de)加工(gong)，此外(wai)，在輥(gun)式冷(leng)彎(wan)成型(xing)過程中(zhong)，可(ke)以(yi)很容易地(di)將沖(chong)裁、打孔、壓印、縱(zong)彎(wan)等(deng)輔助(zhu)加工(gong)引(yin)入進來。

  輥式冷彎成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)四種，即單張（或單件）成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、成(cheng)(cheng)卷成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、連續成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和聯合加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。每一種工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝都可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)3個階(jie)段，即成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)前坯(pi)料(liao)準(zhun)備階(jie)段、成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階(jie)段、型(xing)材精整階(jie)段。

  單張成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝就是預定尺(chi)坯(pi)料(liao)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)方法。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方法在(zai)坯(pi)料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)之前將坯(pi)料(liao)切成(cheng)(cheng)定尺(chi)長度，然后(hou)用(yong)送料(liao)輥將坯(pi)料(liao)送進成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥，成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)不必經剪切即(ji)可收集入庫。采用(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥的(de)(de)速度一般在(zai)15~75m/min.這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)工(gong)藝主要應用(yong)于小批量、成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)鋸切比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)困難的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下。采用(yong)單張成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)組的(de)(de)設備較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)簡單、工(gong)具費用(yong)少、投資低。但用(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)生(sheng)產工(gong)藝得到的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)邊(bian)部縱(zong)向拉伸(shen)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大，因而只有利用(yong)側立(li)輥才能(neng)得到比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)精確的(de)(de)產品形。

  成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卷成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工藝和連(lian)(lian)續成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工藝基(ji)本相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)，所(suo)不同(tong)的是連(lian)(lian)續成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)時前一卷帶材的尾(wei)部與(yu)后(hou)一卷帶材的頭部經過齊對焊，使坯料(liao)帶材連(lian)(lian)續不斷(duan)地(di)進(jin)人(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機進(jin)行成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卷成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)時帶卷頭尾(wei)不對焊，進(jin)行單卷供料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。與(yu)單張(zhang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工藝相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)，這兩(liang)種成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工藝更(geng)加(jia)高效、高產、通用(yong)。這兩(liang)種成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工藝的主要優點是：

①. 帶卷成(cheng)本(ben)低、切損(sun)少，因(yin)而降低了材料總成(cheng)本(ben)。

②. 由于需(xu)要(yao)的(de)成(cheng)型機架數少且不需(xu)要(yao)額(e)外的(de)導衛裝(zhuang)置，因而(er)工具成(cheng)本低。

③. 可以加工形狀比單張成型工藝更復雜(za)的型材。

④. 型材的頭尾(wei)部扭(niu)曲及(ji)張開度減(jian)小。

⑤. 由于操(cao)作幾乎(hu)是連續的(de)，因而生產率得到(dao)提高。

  但這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)成型(xing)(xing)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)需要開卷(juan)機、活套(tao)器(qi)、對焊機、定(ding)尺飛鋸或飛剪等輔助設(she)備，因而(er)其機組(zu)設(she)備投資(zi)較大、占地較大。成型(xing)(xing)機組(zu)的(de)成型(xing)(xing)速度一般為(wei)30~90m/min.目前(qian)投產的(de)絕大多數輥式冷彎(wan)成型(xing)(xing)機組(zu)均(jun)是采用這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)，因此(ci)后面將(jiang)以這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)成型(xing)(xing)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)例進行重點闡述，圖5-1給出(chu)了其工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)流(liu)程示意圖。

  聯合加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝用于(yu)加(jia)工(gong)具有(you)特定要求的(de)冷彎型(xing)鋼，如(ru)高強度冷彎型(xing)鋼、閉口焊接冷彎型(xing)鋼、熱處(chu)理強化冷彎型(xing)鋼、周期波紋板沖孔冷彎型(xing)鋼，涂層冷彎型(xing)鋼等。聯合加(jia)工(gong)成型(xing)機(ji)組的(de)設備(bei)(bei)最(zui)復雜(za)、投資最(zui)高。根據(ju)產品的(de)要求這種機(ji)組可包(bao)括如(ru)下(xia)設備(bei)(bei)：直(zhi)縫焊機(ji)、對焊機(ji)、輥式(shi)沖孔機(ji)、輥式(shi)壓印機(ji)、涂層機(ji)、熱處(chu)理設備(bei)(bei)等。

 輥(gun)式冷(leng)彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)是用一(yi)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)將帶材逐漸壓彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所需(xu)的(de)斷面型(xing)材，現以(yi)冷(leng)彎(wan)角鋼(gang)為例，圖(tu)5-2是由4個機(ji)架組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)輥(gun)式冷(leng)彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)組，第(di)一(yi)機(ji)架完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)帶材的(de)平整(zheng)和送(song)進工作，第(di)二～第(di)四機(ji)架各承擔一(yi)定的(de)壓彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)任務，使帶材通過后(hou)被彎(wan)曲壓制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)角型(xing)材。每一(yi)對(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)所分擔的(de)彎(wan)曲變(bian)形量(liang)，決(jue)定了該(gai)機(ji)架孔型(xing)設(she)計(ji)的(de)基(ji)本尺寸。不過至(zhi)今的(de)孔型(xing)設(she)計(ji)主要還是依(yi)靠經驗(yan)的(de)積累(lei)，尚缺乏(fa)理論解析方(fang)法。