輥式冷彎成型是以金屬薄板或帶卷為原料，并通過多架裝配了具有一定形狀的成型輥對坯料逐架次進行彎曲變形，從而得到均一最面的產品的塑性加工方法。

  一般每架成型(xing)機(ji)裝有一對(dui)或(huo)多(duo)對(dui)成型(xing)輥(gun)，每列(lie)成型(xing)機(ji)組由兩架以上(shang)的(de)(de)成型(xing)機(ji)組線(xian)。在(zai)(zai)輥(gun)式(shi)冷彎(wan)成型(xing)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)只(zhi)有彎(wan)曲變(bian)形。除坯(pi)料彎(wan)曲角局部有輕(qing)微減薄(bo)外(wai)，變(bian)形材料的(de)(de)厚(hou)度在(zai)(zai)成型(xing)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)保持(chi)不變(bian)。這種加工方(fang)法特(te)別(bie)適(shi)合于外(wai)形縱長(chang)、批(pi)量較大的(de)(de)高(gao)精度產品(pin)的(de)(de)加工，此外(wai)，在(zai)(zai)輥(gun)式(shi)冷彎(wan)成型(xing)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，可以很容易地(di)將沖裁、打(da)孔、壓印、縱彎(wan)等輔助加工引入進來。

  輥式冷(leng)彎成型(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)可分為(wei)四種，即(ji)(ji)單(dan)張(zhang)（或單(dan)件）成型(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)、成卷成型(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)、連(lian)續成型(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)和聯合(he)加工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)。每(mei)一種工(gong)藝(yi)都可分為(wei)3個階(jie)段，即(ji)(ji)成型(xing)前坯料(liao)準備階(jie)段、成型(xing)加工(gong)階(jie)段、型(xing)材精整(zheng)階(jie)段。

  單(dan)(dan)張成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)就是預定尺(chi)坯料的成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)方(fang)法。這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法在坯料成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)之(zhi)前(qian)將(jiang)坯料切成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)定尺(chi)長度(du)，然后用(yong)送料輥(gun)(gun)將(jiang)坯料送進成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)后的型(xing)(xing)材不必經剪切即可收集入庫。采用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)的速度(du)一般(ban)在15~75m/min.這(zhe)種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)主要應(ying)用(yong)于小批量、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)后型(xing)(xing)材鋸切比較困(kun)難的情況下。采用(yong)單(dan)(dan)張成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機組的設備較簡單(dan)(dan)、工(gong)(gong)具費用(yong)少、投(tou)資(zi)低。但用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)生產工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)得(de)到的型(xing)(xing)材邊部縱向拉(la)伸較大，因而只有利(li)用(yong)側立輥(gun)(gun)才能得(de)到比較精確的產品形。

  成(cheng)(cheng)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)和連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)基本相(xiang)同，所不(bu)同的(de)(de)是連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)時(shi)前(qian)一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)帶材(cai)的(de)(de)尾部與后(hou)一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)帶材(cai)的(de)(de)頭部經過齊對焊(han)，使坯(pi)料帶材(cai)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)不(bu)斷地進人成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機進行(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)時(shi)帶卷(juan)(juan)(juan)頭尾不(bu)對焊(han)，進行(xing)單(dan)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)供料成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。與單(dan)張成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)相(xiang)比，這(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)種成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)更(geng)加高效(xiao)、高產、通用。這(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)種成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)主要優點(dian)是：

①. 帶卷成(cheng)本低(di)、切損(sun)少，因而降低(di)了材(cai)料總成(cheng)本。

②. 由于需要(yao)的成型機架數(shu)少且不需要(yao)額外的導衛裝置，因(yin)而工(gong)具成本低。

③. 可以(yi)加工形狀比單張成型工藝更復(fu)雜的型材。

④. 型材的頭尾部(bu)扭曲(qu)及張開度減小。

⑤. 由于操作幾乎(hu)是連續(xu)的，因(yin)而生產(chan)率(lv)得(de)到提高。

  但這兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)藝需要開卷機(ji)、活(huo)套(tao)器(qi)、對焊(han)機(ji)、定尺飛(fei)(fei)鋸或飛(fei)(fei)剪等輔助設(she)備(bei)，因而(er)其(qi)機(ji)組設(she)備(bei)投資較(jiao)大、占地(di)較(jiao)大。成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)組的成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)速度一般為(wei)30~90m/min.目前投產(chan)的絕大多數輥式冷彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)組均(jun)是采(cai)用(yong)這兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)工(gong)藝，因此后面將以這兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)藝為(wei)例進(jin)行重(zhong)點闡述，圖(tu)5-1給出了其(qi)工(gong)藝流程示意圖(tu)。

  聯(lian)合(he)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)用于加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)有特定要求的(de)冷彎(wan)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)，如高強(qiang)度冷彎(wan)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)、閉(bi)口焊(han)接冷彎(wan)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)、熱處理強(qiang)化冷彎(wan)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)、周期波紋板(ban)沖孔(kong)冷彎(wan)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)，涂(tu)層冷彎(wan)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)等。聯(lian)合(he)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成型(xing)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)設備(bei)最復雜、投資最高。根據產(chan)品的(de)要求這(zhe)種機(ji)組(zu)(zu)可包(bao)括(kuo)如下設備(bei)：直縫焊(han)機(ji)、對(dui)焊(han)機(ji)、輥式沖孔(kong)機(ji)、輥式壓印機(ji)、涂(tu)層機(ji)、熱處理設備(bei)等。

 輥(gun)式(shi)冷彎(wan)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是用一組(zu)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)將帶(dai)材逐(zhu)漸壓(ya)彎(wan)成所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)斷面型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材，現以(yi)冷彎(wan)角(jiao)鋼為(wei)例，圖5-2是由4個機(ji)架(jia)組(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)輥(gun)式(shi)冷彎(wan)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)組(zu)，第一機(ji)架(jia)完(wan)成帶(dai)材的(de)(de)(de)平整和送進工作，第二～第四機(ji)架(jia)各承擔一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)彎(wan)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)任務，使帶(dai)材通過(guo)后被彎(wan)曲(qu)壓(ya)制成角(jiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材。每一對(dui)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)所分擔的(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)曲(qu)變形量，決(jue)定(ding)了該機(ji)架(jia)孔型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)基本尺寸。不(bu)過(guo)至今的(de)(de)(de)孔型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)計主(zhu)要(yao)還(huan)是依(yi)靠經驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)積累，尚缺乏(fa)理論(lun)解析(xi)方(fang)法。