連續軋管機是在毛管內穿入長芯棒后，經過多機架順序布置且相鄰機架輥縫互錯（二輥式輥縫互錯90°如圖4-1所示，三輥式輥縫互錯60°)的連軋機軋成不銹鋼管，它是當今最為廣泛使用的縱軋不(bu)銹鋼管方法。在連續軋管機軋制過程中，軋件變形實際上是受多組（4~8組）軋輥與芯棒的反復作用從圓到橢圓···橢圓再到圓的過程。
連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)歷史悠久，早在(zai)19世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)末就曾嘗試(shi)在(zai)長(chang)芯棒(bang)上(shang)(shang)進行軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，但由(you)于種(zhong)種(zhong)原因，至1950年(nian)世(shi)(shi)界上(shang)(shang)也僅有6臺連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)。1960年(nian)后，隨(sui)著(zhu)科學技術的(de)(de)進步和生產的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，特別(bie)是電子(zi)計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)技術的(de)(de)飛(fei)速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和應(ying)用(yong)，使連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)生產工藝(yi)和設備(bei)(bei)上(shang)(shang)日趨完善，得(de)到了(le)(le)(le)迅(xun)速的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和推廣。在(zai)浮(fu)動芯棒(bang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)，限動芯棒(bang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)于20世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)60年(nian)代中(zhong)期進行了(le)(le)(le)工藝(yi)試(shi)驗，獲得(de)了(le)(le)(le)可喜的(de)(de)成果。1978年(nian)世(shi)(shi)界上(shang)(shang)第一套限動芯棒(bang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)（MPM)在(zai)意大利達爾明鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)廠建成投產，連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)工藝(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到了(le)(le)(le)一個(ge)新的(de)(de)水準(zhun)。20世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)90年(nian)代末又推出了(le)(le)(le)三輥連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)（PQF)技術，使連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)工藝(yi)裝備(bei)(bei)躍上(shang)(shang)了(le)(le)(le)更高(gao)的(de)(de)臺階。
連(lian)續(xu)軋管機(ji)在PQF出現以前，都是兩輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)，即由兩個軋輥(gun)為一(yi)組(zu)組(zu)成孔型(xing)，二(er)輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)架既有(you)與(yu)地(di)面(mian)呈45°交(jiao)錯布置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)，也有(you)與(yu)地(di)面(mian)垂(chui)直、水平交(jiao)錯布置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)。PQF為三(san)輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)，即由三(san)個軋輥(gun)為一(yi)組(zu)組(zu)成孔型(xing)，如(ru)圖4-2所示。連(lian)續(xu)軋管時(shi)，孔型(xing)頂(ding)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)金屬由于受到軋輥(gun)外壓力和芯(xin)(xin)棒內壓力作用而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)延(yan)伸，并向(xiang)圓周橫(heng)向(xiang)寬展，而(er)孔型(xing)側壁部(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)金屬與(yu)芯(xin)(xin)棒不(bu)接觸，但它被頂(ding)部(bu)軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)延(yan)伸的(de)(de)(de)金屬對它附加的(de)(de)(de)拉應力作用而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)延(yan)伸，并同時(shi)產(chan)生(sheng)軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)拉縮。不(bu)論兩輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)還是三(san)輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)續(xu)軋管機(ji)，按芯(xin)(xin)棒的(de)(de)(de)運行方(fang)式可(ke)分(fen)為浮(fu)(fu)動芯(xin)(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)軋管機(ji)、半浮(fu)(fu)動芯(xin)(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)軋管機(ji)和限動芯(xin)(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)軋管機(ji)三(san)種形式。
為了完成(cheng)將連續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機軋(ya)出(chu)的(de)荒管(guan)(guan)與芯棒脫開分離(li)的(de)工(gong)藝目的(de)，便于(yu)荒管(guan)(guan)在(zai)后道工(gong)序進一(yi)步加工(gong)成(cheng)品不(bu)銹鋼管(guan)(guan)，一(yi)般采用以下兩種方法(fa)。
1. 脫棒機
軋制(zhi)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)荒(huang)管(guan)／芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)被一起移出軋制(zhi)線，荒(huang)管(guan)受軸向約束(shu)不(bu)(bu)動(dong)，用(yong)裝置(zhi)將(jiang)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從荒(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)出。我們將(jiang)這(zhe)種荒(huang)管(guan)不(bu)(bu)動(dong)，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動(dong)的(de)(de)設備(bei)稱為脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機。當帶芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)進入脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)位(wei)置(zhi)后(hou)，脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)上的(de)(de)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)緊(jin)裝置(zhi)就鉤(gou)住芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)尾柄，而液壓開閉的(de)(de)卡(ka)板(ban)(ban)擋住荒(huang)管(guan)，脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)從荒(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)出芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)轉過半圈完成(cheng)一次(ci)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動(dong)作，鏈(lian)所走(zou)過的(de)(de)距離約為芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度(du)的(de)(de)1.1倍。脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機的(de)(de)最大(da)速(su)度(du)大(da)于4.5m/s,到(dao)(dao)達終位(wei)的(de)(de)誤差(cha)為±50mm.脫(tuo)出的(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)經輸(shu)送(song)輥道送(song)到(dao)(dao)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)定位(wei)升降擋板(ban)(ban)前，然后(hou)由芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)移送(song)裝置(zhi)把芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送(song)人芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)冷卻槽，循環(huan)使用(yong)。脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機安裝位(wei)置(zhi)與連(lian)(lian)續軋管(guan)機平行(xing)。脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機有兩(liang)列脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)，這(zhe)兩(liang)列脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)用(yong)橫(heng)梁(liang)連(lian)(lian)接起來(lai)，兩(liang)列脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)間共有兩(liang)個(ge)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)及多個(ge)承載(zai)橫(heng)梁(liang)。脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)用(yong)來(lai)從荒(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)出芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，而承載(zai)橫(heng)梁(liang)用(yong)來(lai)在(zai)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)過程中(zhong)支撐芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。在(zai)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)上用(yong)螺栓緊(jin)固與軋件尺寸相關的(de)(de)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)緊(jin)裝置(zhi)，當更(geng)(geng)換(huan)(huan)軋制(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時，需(xu)要更(geng)(geng)換(huan)(huan)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)緊(jin)裝置(zhi)。
2. 脫管機
軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)結束后，芯(xin)棒停止(zhi)運動(dong)，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)線被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)置將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)從(cong)(cong)芯(xin)棒中脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，我(wo)們將(jiang)這種芯(xin)棒不動(dong)，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備稱為脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)既有(you)兩輥(gun)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也有(you)三(san)輥(gun)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)置有(you)兩個重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：（1)將(jiang)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從(cong)(cong)芯(xin)棒上(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，完成(cheng)(cheng)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)線上(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，省去了(le)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，縮短了(le)工(gong)藝流程，提(ti)高了(le)終軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)溫度(du)；（2)起定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)作(zuo)用(yong)，也就(jiu)是(shi)說在(zai)每(mei)一支鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生(sheng)產中，該機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也有(you)延伸和定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)作(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)早(zao)期設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)動(dong)芯(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)中就(jiu)嘗(chang)試過不單獨設(she)置脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（如(ru)1985年(nian)建(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日本NKK京濱廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ф250mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)和1990年(nian)建(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俄羅(luo)斯伏爾加鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Φ426mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)），而是(shi)將(jiang)MPM軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)接(jie)送人緊隨其(qi)(qi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)二輥(gun)式(shi)(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)（1997年(nian)日本住(zhu)友和歌山ф426mm MPM 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)則是(shi)送入其(qi)(qi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12架(jia)三(san)輥(gun)式(shi)(shi)（FQS)),使脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)在(zai)一個工(gong)序內完成(cheng)(cheng)；荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)從(cong)(cong)芯(xin)棒上(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)并(bing)完成(cheng)(cheng)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)任務，實現(xian)MPM與定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。但由(you)于荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規格和材質種類較多，給成(cheng)(cheng)品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)控制(zhi)帶(dai)來困難，很難保證鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)精(jing)度(du)，因此(ci)在(zai)以后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)中沒有(you)再使用(yong)這種工(gong)藝布置。為生(sheng)產薄壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和中厚壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，每(mei)架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔型名義(yi)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)必須小于軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)芯(xin)棒直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)。在(zai)生(sheng)產薄壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時(shi)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減徑(jing)(jing)量要相應加大(da)，否則薄壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不易被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)。每(mei)架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)都裝(zhuang)有(you)安(an)全白，以防(fang)止(zhi)芯(xin)棒進(jin)入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)損傷軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)及相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械部分。在(zai)事(shi)故情況下(xia)，假如(ru)當帶(dai)芯(xin)棒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)孔型時(shi)，若脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)承受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)向載荷大(da)于預設(she)值，則軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)孔型會相應張開(kai)，防(fang)止(zhi)芯(xin)棒頂(ding)壞軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)及設(she)備。
3. 空減機(ji)的(de)配置
空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)是空心坯減(jian)徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)的簡(jian)稱，一套連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)為使其產品外徑(jing)(jing)規格(ge)范圍盡可能地大，設計時一般選用2~5個(ge)孔(kong)型(xing)，軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)后配備張減(jian)機(ji)(ji)的選擇(ze)孔(kong)型(xing)數較少(shao)，軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)后配備定徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)的選擇(ze)孔(kong)型(xing)數較多。由于孔(kong)型(xing)尺寸(cun)的變(bian)(bian)化相應地軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)入口的毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)外徑(jing)(jing)也要隨著發生(sheng)變(bian)(bian)化，為適(shi)應軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)入口毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)外徑(jing)(jing)變(bian)(bian)化，通(tong)常有兩種方法：
a. 選(xuan)用(yong)幾種外徑的管坯(pi)，針(zhen)對(dui)不(bu)同(tong)的孔型選(xuan)用(yong)不(bu)同(tong)規格的管坯(pi)，但(dan)每次更換(huan)孔型時需(xu)對(dui)穿孔機的受料槽、導(dao)衛裝置（導(dao)板或導(dao)盤）進行(xing)更換(huan)，這(zhe)樣做一(yi)方面(mian)占用(yong)較(jiao)多工(gong)作時間；另一(yi)方面(mian)管坯(pi)料場、穿孔機工(gong)具需(xu)要場地較(jiao)大；
b. 在穿孔(kong)機(ji)與軋管機(ji)之間布(bu)置一(yi)臺空減(jian)機(ji)，通過空減(jian)機(ji)可使用同(tong)一(yi)種外徑尺寸的(de)管坯(pi)來(lai)滿足軋管機(ji)不(bu)同(tong)孔(kong)型成為可能。
浮動芯(xin)棒連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)組采用穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)與軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)之間(jian)(jian)布置空(kong)(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)方法比(bi)較經濟(ji)，這樣既可僅(jin)用一個(ge)規格的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)坯(pi)組織生(sheng)產(chan)，減(jian)少了(le)管(guan)坯(pi)庫的(de)(de)(de)面積和穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)相關的(de)(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制工(gong)具數量，又可以減(jian)少換(huan)孔(kong)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)(jian)，提高了(le)機(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)作業(ye)率。經空(kong)(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)毛管(guan)在運往(wang)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)入口臺架前，先通(tong)過(guo)一個(ge)吹灰裝置用壓縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)吹去毛管(guan)內的(de)(de)(de)細小(xiao)氧化鐵皮(pi)，以減(jian)少對芯(xin)棒的(de)(de)(de)磨損和管(guan)子內表面缺(que)陷，同時空(kong)(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)亦消除了(le)狄塞爾穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)所造成的(de)(de)(de)毛管(guan)頭(tou)尾外(wai)徑(jing)差，使軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制過(guo)程(cheng)穩定。這種單(dan)獨布置的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)一般使用三輥式(shi)及3~6個(ge)機(ji)(ji)架。
半浮動(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)連續(xu)軋管機(ji)(ji)組將空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)布置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)連續(xu)軋管機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)人口側(ce)，即與(yu)連續(xu)軋管機(ji)(ji)串列布置(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)般為兩輥式、2~4架；在(zai)保持了原有空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)優點的(de)(de)同時，可(ke)縮短(duan)工(gong)藝流(liu)程(cheng)，減(jian)少(shao)占(zhan)地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)。這種(zhong)變化一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)是因(yin)(yin)為錐形輥穿(chuan)孔機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)應用使變形前移，軋管機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)架數相應減(jian)少(shao)（減(jian)少(shao)2~3架），串列布置(zhi)(zhi)因(yin)(yin)芯(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)長度增加而引起的(de)(de)軋制節奏變化不(bu)是很(hen)多（因(yin)(yin)軋制終了芯(xin)棒(bang)向前運動(dong)）；另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)串列布置(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)毛(mao)管在(zai)縱向移動(dong)過程(cheng)中內(nei)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)氧化和溫降(jiang)，能更有效地確保鋼管質(zhi)量。
限(xian)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)連續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)在(zai)最初時(shi)沒有空(kong)減機(ji)，采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是一(yi)(yi)種規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)坯對(dui)應一(yi)(yi)個(ge)孔型，這主要是因(yin)為(wei)軋(ya)制(zhi)時(shi)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)與軋(ya)件內表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相對(dui)運(yun)動比浮動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作條(tiao)件更(geng)為(wei)惡(e)劣(lie)，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)更(geng)容易(yi)磨損(sun)和劃傷。限(xian)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工藝(yi)上不允許(xu)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)進入(ru)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)前做縱向(xiang)運(yun)動，必(bi)須有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防止毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)內表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二次氧化(hua)，才(cai)能(neng)確(que)保鋼管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量，因(yin)此不可(ke)能(neng)像浮動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)那樣在(zai)穿(chuan)孔機(ji)與軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)之間(jian)布(bu)置空(kong)減機(ji)。如采用半浮動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)串列布(bu)置，因(yin)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加使(shi)軋(ya)制(zhi)節奏更(geng)加緩慢（因(yin)軋(ya)制(zhi)終了芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)向(xiang)后運(yun)動），將(jiang)影響機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發揮，也(ye)是不經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。近(jin)十年來，限(xian)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)組(zu)也(ye)在(zai)不斷(duan)吸收(shou)其他機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長處，在(zai)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)入(ru)口側串列布(bu)置1架(jia)空(kong)減機(ji)（三輥、四(si)輥形式(shi)均有），目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)于消除毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)內表(biao)面與芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙和毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)外(wai)徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭(tou)尾直徑(jing)偏(pian)差，使(shi)軋(ya)制(zhi)更(geng)加平穩，從而提高軋(ya)輥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命(ming)，確(que)保鋼管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何尺寸精(jing)度和內外(wai)表(biao)面質(zhi)量。
4. 吹硼砂的工藝
限動(dong)芯棒(bang)連續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)組比浮(fu)動(dong)、半浮(fu)動(dong)機(ji)組多了(le)一個工序(xu)就是在(zai)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)入(ru)口前向毛管(guan)(guan)內用(yong)氮氣噴(pen)抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)，工藝目的是去除內表面的氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鐵皮并防止二次(ci)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)。抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)在(zai)高溫(wen)時呈熔融(rong)狀態可起到很好的潤滑作(zuo)用(yong)，對抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)的成分、顆(ke)粒尺寸、化(hua)(hua)學穩(wen)定(ding)性、物理穩(wen)定(ding)性及(ji)吹撒的數量、噴(pen)吹的壓力(li)、時間(jian)都有嚴格的要(yao)求，主要(yao)是解決軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)的延伸(shen)大(da)、軋制時芯棒(bang)與軋件(jian)間(jian)相對運動(dong)較(jiao)大(da)、芯棒(bang)的工作(zuo)條件(jian)更(geng)為(wei)惡(e)劣，芯棒(bang)更(geng)容(rong)易磨(mo)損和劃(hua)傷、潤滑條件(jian)不好時容(rong)易發(fa)生軋卡(ka)事(shi)故或軋制終了(le)時脫管(guan)(guan)機(ji)不能將荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)從芯棒(bang)中順利的抽(chou)出等(deng)問題。
