連續軋管機是在毛管內穿入長芯棒后，經過多機架順序布置且相鄰機架輥縫互錯（二輥式輥縫互錯90°如圖4-1所示，三輥式輥縫互錯60°)的連軋機軋成不銹鋼管，它是當今最為廣泛使用的縱軋不銹鋼管(guan)方法。在連續軋管機軋制過程中，軋件變形實際上是受多組（4~8組）軋輥與芯棒的反復作用從圓到橢圓···橢圓再到圓的過程。

  連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)歷史(shi)悠久，早在(zai)19世(shi)紀末就曾(ceng)嘗試在(zai)長芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)上(shang)(shang)進行軋管(guan)(guan)，但由于種種原因，至(zhi)1950年(nian)世(shi)界上(shang)(shang)也僅有(you)6臺(tai)連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。1960年(nian)后，隨(sui)著科(ke)學(xue)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)進步和(he)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)電子計算機(ji)(ji)(ji)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)飛速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)應用，使(shi)連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)生產(chan)(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)和(he)設備上(shang)(shang)日趨完善，得到(dao)了迅速的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)推(tui)廣(guang)。在(zai)浮動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)，限動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)于20世(shi)紀60年(nian)代中期進行了工(gong)藝(yi)試驗(yan)，獲得了可(ke)喜的(de)(de)成果(guo)。1978年(nian)世(shi)界上(shang)(shang)第一套限動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（MPM)在(zai)意(yi)大(da)利達爾明(ming)鋼管(guan)(guan)廠(chang)建(jian)成投產(chan)(chan)，連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)工(gong)藝(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)了一個(ge)新的(de)(de)水準。20世(shi)紀90年(nian)代末又推(tui)出了三輥(gun)連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（PQF)技術(shu)(shu)，使(shi)連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)工(gong)藝(yi)裝備躍上(shang)(shang)了更(geng)高的(de)(de)臺(tai)階。

  連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)在PQF出(chu)現(xian)以前，都是兩輥(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)，即由兩個軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)為(wei)一(yi)組(zu)(zu)組(zu)(zu)成孔(kong)(kong)(kong)型，二輥(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)架(jia)既有與(yu)(yu)地面(mian)呈45°交錯布置的(de)(de)(de)，也有與(yu)(yu)地面(mian)垂直、水平交錯布置的(de)(de)(de)。PQF為(wei)三輥(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)，即由三個軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)為(wei)一(yi)組(zu)(zu)組(zu)(zu)成孔(kong)(kong)(kong)型，如圖4-2所示。連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)時，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)型頂部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)由于(yu)受到軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)外(wai)壓(ya)力(li)和芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)內壓(ya)力(li)作用而產(chan)生軸向(xiang)(xiang)延(yan)伸(shen)，并向(xiang)(xiang)圓(yuan)周橫向(xiang)(xiang)寬展(zhan)，而孔(kong)(kong)(kong)型側壁部(bu)(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)與(yu)(yu)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)不(bu)接觸，但(dan)它被頂部(bu)(bu)軸向(xiang)(xiang)延(yan)伸(shen)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)對(dui)它附加的(de)(de)(de)拉應力(li)作用而產(chan)生軸向(xiang)(xiang)延(yan)伸(shen)，并同時產(chan)生軸向(xiang)(xiang)拉縮。不(bu)論兩輥(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)還是三輥(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)，按芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)方式(shi)可分為(wei)浮動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)、半浮動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)和限動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)三種形式(shi)。

  為了完成將連(lian)續軋管(guan)(guan)機軋出(chu)的荒管(guan)(guan)與芯棒脫開分離的工藝目的，便于荒管(guan)(guan)在后道工序進一步加工成品(pin)不銹鋼管(guan)(guan)，一般采用(yong)以下兩種方法(fa)。

1. 脫棒機

  軋制結束(shu)后(hou)荒(huang)管(guan)／芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)被一(yi)起移出(chu)軋制線，荒(huang)管(guan)受軸向約束(shu)不動(dong)(dong)，用(yong)裝置將(jiang)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從(cong)荒(huang)管(guan)中抽(chou)出(chu)。我們將(jiang)這種荒(huang)管(guan)不動(dong)(dong)，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動(dong)(dong)的(de)設備稱(cheng)為(wei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機。當(dang)帶芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)荒(huang)管(guan)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)位(wei)置后(hou)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)上的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)緊裝置就鉤(gou)住芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)尾柄(bing)，而液壓(ya)開閉的(de)卡(ka)板擋住荒(huang)管(guan)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)從(cong)荒(huang)管(guan)中抽(chou)出(chu)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)轉過(guo)半圈完成一(yi)次脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動(dong)(dong)作，鏈(lian)所走過(guo)的(de)距離約為(wei)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)1.1倍(bei)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機的(de)最大速(su)度大于4.5m/s,到達終位(wei)的(de)誤(wu)差(cha)為(wei)±50mm.脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)的(de)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)經輸送(song)(song)輥道送(song)(song)到芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)定位(wei)升降擋板前，然后(hou)由芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)移送(song)(song)裝置把芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送(song)(song)人芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)冷(leng)卻槽，循環使用(yong)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機安裝位(wei)置與連(lian)續軋管(guan)機平行(xing)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機有兩列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)，這兩列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)用(yong)橫(heng)梁(liang)連(lian)接(jie)起來，兩列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)間共(gong)有兩個脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)及多個承(cheng)載(zai)橫(heng)梁(liang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)用(yong)來從(cong)荒(huang)管(guan)中抽(chou)出(chu)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，而承(cheng)載(zai)橫(heng)梁(liang)用(yong)來在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)過(guo)程中支(zhi)撐芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)上用(yong)螺栓(shuan)緊固與軋件尺寸相(xiang)關的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)緊裝置，當(dang)更(geng)換軋制芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時(shi)，需要更(geng)換脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)緊裝置。

2. 脫管機

  軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結束后(hou)，芯棒(bang)(bang)停止(zhi)運動，荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)線被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝置(zhi)將(jiang)其(qi)從芯棒(bang)(bang)中(zhong)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，我們(men)將(jiang)這種(zhong)芯棒(bang)(bang)不(bu)(bu)動，荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)動的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)稱(cheng)為脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)既有兩輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)，也有三輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)置(zhi)有兩個重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝目的(de)(de)(de)：（1)將(jiang)荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從芯棒(bang)(bang)上(shang)(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，完成脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)目的(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線上(shang)(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，省去了(le)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，縮短了(le)工(gong)(gong)藝流程(cheng)，提高了(le)終(zhong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)溫度；（2)起定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作用，也就是(shi)說在(zai)(zai)每一(yi)支(zhi)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生(sheng)產中(zhong)，該機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也有延伸和(he)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作用。在(zai)(zai)早期(qi)設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)限動芯棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)就嘗(chang)試過不(bu)(bu)單獨設(she)置(zhi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（如1985年建(jian)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)日本(ben)NKK京濱(bin)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)ф250mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)1990年建(jian)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)俄羅斯伏爾加(jia)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)Φ426mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)），而是(shi)將(jiang)MPM軋(ya)(ya)(ya)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直接(jie)送人緊隨其(qi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)10機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架二輥(gun)式脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)（1997年日本(ben)住友(you)和(he)歌山ф426mm MPM 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)則(ze)是(shi)送入(ru)其(qi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)12架三輥(gun)式（FQS)),使(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個工(gong)(gong)序內完成；荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)同時，被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)從芯棒(bang)(bang)上(shang)(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)并完成定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)任務，實現MPM與定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之間的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)。但(dan)由于荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格和(he)材質(zhi)種(zhong)類較多，給成品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帶(dai)來(lai)困(kun)難，很難保(bao)證鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)精度，因此(ci)在(zai)(zai)以后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)沒有再使(shi)用這種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝布置(zhi)。為生(sheng)產薄壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)中(zhong)厚壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，每架脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)孔型名義直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)必須(xu)小于軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)芯棒(bang)(bang)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)產薄壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)減徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)量要(yao)相(xiang)應加(jia)大(da)，否則(ze)薄壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)易被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)。每架脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)都裝有安全白，以防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)芯棒(bang)(bang)進入(ru)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時損(sun)傷軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)及相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)部分。在(zai)(zai)事故情況下(xia)，假如當帶(dai)芯棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進入(ru)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)孔型時，若脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)承受的(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)向載(zai)荷大(da)于預設(she)值，則(ze)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)孔型會相(xiang)應張開，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)芯棒(bang)(bang)頂壞軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)及設(she)備(bei)。

3. 空減機(ji)的配置

  空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)是空(kong)心(xin)坯減(jian)徑(jing)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)簡(jian)稱，一套連續軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)為使其產(chan)品外(wai)徑(jing)規格范圍盡(jin)可能地大，設計(ji)時一般(ban)選(xuan)用2~5個(ge)孔型，軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)后配(pei)備(bei)張減(jian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇孔型數較(jiao)少，軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)后配(pei)備(bei)定徑(jing)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇孔型數較(jiao)多(duo)。由于孔型尺寸的(de)(de)變化(hua)相應(ying)地軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)入(ru)(ru)口的(de)(de)毛管(guan)外(wai)徑(jing)也要隨著發(fa)生變化(hua)，為適應(ying)軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)入(ru)(ru)口毛管(guan)外(wai)徑(jing)變化(hua)，通常(chang)有兩種方(fang)法：

  a. 選(xuan)用(yong)幾(ji)種外徑的(de)(de)管坯，針對不同的(de)(de)孔型選(xuan)用(yong)不同規格的(de)(de)管坯，但每(mei)次(ci)更換(huan)孔型時需(xu)對穿孔機(ji)的(de)(de)受料(liao)槽、導(dao)衛裝置（導(dao)板或導(dao)盤）進行更換(huan)，這樣做一方面(mian)占用(yong)較(jiao)多工作時間；另一方面(mian)管坯料(liao)場、穿孔機(ji)工具需(xu)要場地較(jiao)大；

  b. 在穿孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)與軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)之間布置一(yi)臺空(kong)減機(ji)，通過空(kong)減機(ji)可使(shi)用(yong)同一(yi)種外徑尺(chi)寸的管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)來滿(man)足軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)不同孔(kong)(kong)型成(cheng)為(wei)可能(neng)。

  浮動芯棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組采(cai)用(yong)穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間布(bu)置空減機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)方法比較(jiao)經濟，這樣既可(ke)僅用(yong)一(yi)個(ge)規格的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)坯組織生產，減少了(le)管(guan)坯庫的(de)(de)(de)面積和(he)穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相關的(de)(de)(de)軋(ya)制(zhi)工具數量，又(you)可(ke)以減少換孔(kong)型的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，提高了(le)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)作業率。經空減機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)后的(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)在運往連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)入口臺架前，先通過(guo)一(yi)個(ge)吹(chui)灰(hui)裝置用(yong)壓縮空氣(qi)吹(chui)去毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)內的(de)(de)(de)細小(xiao)氧化(hua)鐵皮，以減少對芯棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)磨損和(he)管(guan)子內表面缺陷，同時(shi)空減機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)亦消除了(le)狄塞爾(er)穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所造成的(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)頭(tou)尾(wei)外徑差，使軋(ya)制(zhi)過(guo)程穩定。這種單(dan)獨布(bu)置的(de)(de)(de)空減機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)般使用(yong)三輥式(shi)及3~6個(ge)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架。

  半浮動芯(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)組將(jiang)空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)布(bu)(bu)置在(zai)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)人口側，即(ji)與連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)串(chuan)列布(bu)(bu)置，一般為兩輥(gun)式、2~4架(jia)；在(zai)保持了原有空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)優點的(de)(de)同時，可縮短工(gong)藝流(liu)程(cheng)，減(jian)少占地(di)面(mian)積。這種變化一方面(mian)是因為錐形輥(gun)穿孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)應用使變形前移(yi)，軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)數相應減(jian)少（減(jian)少2~3架(jia)），串(chuan)列布(bu)(bu)置因芯(xin)棒的(de)(de)長度增(zeng)加而引起的(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)節奏變化不(bu)是很(hen)多（因軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)終(zhong)了芯(xin)棒向前運動）；另一方面(mian)串(chuan)列布(bu)(bu)置可減(jian)少毛(mao)管在(zai)縱向移(yi)動過程(cheng)中內表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)氧化和溫降(jiang)，能(neng)更有效地(di)確保鋼(gang)管質(zhi)量。

  限動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)在(zai)(zai)最初時沒有(you)空(kong)減機(ji)，采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是一種規格的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)坯對應(ying)一個孔型，這(zhe)主要(yao)是因為(wei)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)時芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)與(yu)軋(ya)(ya)件內(nei)(nei)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)對運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)比浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)大，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)工作條件更(geng)(geng)為(wei)惡(e)劣，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)更(geng)(geng)容(rong)易(yi)磨損和劃(hua)傷。限動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)工藝上不(bu)允(yun)許毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)進入軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)前做縱向運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，必須有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)防止毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)次氧(yang)化，才能確保(bao)鋼管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量，因此(ci)不(bu)可能像(xiang)浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)那樣在(zai)(zai)穿孔機(ji)與(yu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)之間布置空(kong)減機(ji)。如采(cai)用(yong)半浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)串列布置，因芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)長(chang)度的(de)(de)(de)增加使(shi)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)節奏更(geng)(geng)加緩慢（因軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)終了(le)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)向后運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)），將影響(xiang)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)產能的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮，也是不(bu)經濟的(de)(de)(de)。近十(shi)年來(lai)，限動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)機(ji)組(zu)也在(zai)(zai)不(bu)斷(duan)吸收其他機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)處，在(zai)(zai)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)入口(kou)側串列布置1架(jia)空(kong)減機(ji)（三輥、四輥形式均有(you)），目的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)消除毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)之間的(de)(de)(de)間隙(xi)和毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)頭(tou)尾(wei)直徑(jing)偏差(cha)，使(shi)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)更(geng)(geng)加平穩(wen)，從而提高軋(ya)(ya)輥的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命，確保(bao)鋼管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)幾何尺(chi)寸精度和內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)質(zhi)量。

4. 吹硼砂的(de)工藝

  限動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)連續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)組比(bi)浮動(dong)、半浮動(dong)機(ji)組多了一(yi)個工(gong)序就是在軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)入口前向(xiang)毛管(guan)(guan)內(nei)用氮氣(qi)噴(pen)抗(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)劑(ji)，工(gong)藝目的(de)(de)(de)是去除內(nei)表面的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鐵皮并防止二次氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)。抗(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)劑(ji)在高溫時(shi)呈熔融狀態可(ke)起到很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑作用，對抗(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)成分、顆粒尺寸(cun)、化(hua)學穩(wen)定(ding)性、物(wu)理(li)穩(wen)定(ding)性及吹(chui)撒的(de)(de)(de)數量、噴(pen)吹(chui)的(de)(de)(de)壓力、時(shi)間都有嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)要求，主要是解決軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)延伸大(da)、軋(ya)制時(shi)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)與軋(ya)件間相對運動(dong)較大(da)、芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作條件更為(wei)惡劣，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)更容易(yi)磨損和劃傷(shang)、潤(run)滑條件不好(hao)時(shi)容易(yi)發生軋(ya)卡事故或軋(ya)制終了時(shi)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)不能將荒管(guan)(guan)從芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)中順利的(de)(de)(de)抽出等問題。