這種軋機(ji)(ji)亦稱皮爾格軋管機(ji)(ji),1891年(nian)(nian)由曼乃斯曼兄弟發明(ming),1900年(nian)(nian)將芯(xin)棒設計成(cheng)移動(dong)式為止(zhi)才達到(dao)完全(quan)機(ji)(ji)械化,成(cheng)為目前狀態,其(qi)操作(zuo)過程如(ru)圖(tu)4-21所示。


圖 21.jpg



  此軋(ya)(ya)(ya)機操作(zuo)的(de)基本特點(dian)是鍛(duan)軋(ya)(ya)(ya),軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)旋轉方向(xiang)(xiang)與軋(ya)(ya)(ya)件送(song)進(jin)(jin)方向(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)反(fan),軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)沿圓周(zhou)(zhou)為(wei)變斷面,軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制時(shi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)件反(fan)送(song)進(jin)(jin)方向(xiang)(xiang)運行(xing)。送(song)料由做往(wang)復運動的(de)芯棒送(song)進(jin)(jin)機構完成,這種軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制形(xing)式的(de)延伸系數為(wei)7~15,可(ke)(ke)用(yong)鋼錠(ding)直接生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。目前(qian)主要用(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)大(da)(da)直徑(jing)中、厚壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)、異形(xing)管(guan),利用(yong)鍛(duan)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)特點(dian)還可(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)合(he)金鋼管(guan)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)外徑(jing)為(wei)114~665mm;壁(bi)(bi)厚2.5~100mm;軋(ya)(ya)(ya)后長(chang)度(du)可(ke)(ke)達(da)40m.該軋(ya)(ya)(ya)機的(de)主要缺點(dian)是:效(xiao)率低(di),輔助操作(zuo)時(shi)間占整個(ge)周(zhou)(zhou)期的(de)25%;孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)不(bu)易加工;芯棒長(chang),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)窄,壁(bi)(bi)厚精度(du)低(di)。為(wei)減少周(zhou)(zhou)期,軋(ya)(ya)(ya)機皆采用(yong)線外插芯棒鍛(duan)頭,再(zai)送(song)往(wang)主機軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制,以(yi)減少輔助操作(zuo)時(shi)間。為(wei)改善周(zhou)(zhou)期軋(ya)(ya)(ya)機加工的(de)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)尺寸窄的(de)問(wen)題,有的(de)配以(yi)張力減徑(jing)來(lai)擴大(da)(da)機組生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)。