鋼(gang)鐵(tie)行(xing)業(ye)接觸互(hu)聯(lian)網始于2000年(nian)(nian),經過最初的“線下(xia)信息采(cai)集,線上(shang)加工發布”,到后面(mian)的“行(xing)業(ye)研究咨詢、會(hui)務培訓(xun)”等階段。但鋼(gang)鐵(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的誕生(sheng)比較晚,標(biao)準意(yi)義上(shang)的鋼(gang)鐵(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)誕生(sheng)時(shi)間是從2011年(nian)(nian)以后開始的。2011年(nian)(nian)以前(qian),不少鋼(gang)鐵(tie)互(hu)聯(lian)網公(gong)司進行(xing)過鋼(gang)鐵(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的積極(ji)嘗試(shi),但當時(shi)鋼(gang)鐵(tie)處(chu)于明顯的賣方(fang)市場(chang)(chang),鋼(gang)廠和長(chang)協戶在市場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)占(zhan)據(ju)強勢地(di)位,所以這些嘗試(shi)都沒有成功。2011年(nian)(nian)以來,鋼(gang)鐵(tie)逐漸進入買方(fang)市場(chang)(chang),特別是2012年(nian)(nian)以來,鋼(gang)鐵(tie)行(xing)業(ye)開始進入一個自上(shang)而下(xia)追求高(gao)周轉的環(huan)境,在這種環(huan)境下(xia),真(zhen)正意(yi)義的鋼(gang)鐵(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)才應運(yun)而生(sheng),并掀(xian)起了一股(gu)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)熱(re)潮(chao),鋼(gang)鐵(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)行(xing)業(ye)規模也在這波浪潮(chao)中(zhong)不斷(duan)擴大。據(ju)統計,2012-2017年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)國鋼(gang)鐵(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)行(xing)業(ye)市場(chang)(chang)規模從160億元迅速增(zeng)長(chang)至(zhi)570億元,年(nian)(nian)均復合增(zeng)長(chang)率高(gao)達28.9%,遠高(gao)于整(zheng)個B2B電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)市場(chang)(chang)的規模增(zeng)速。
這一波浪潮中(zhong),最早的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵電(dian)(dian)商(shang)是成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)于2011年的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)網,目前市(shi)場知名度最高、互(hu)聯網背景最深的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵電(dian)(dian)商(shang)-鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)銀電(dian)(dian)子商(shang)務成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)于2008年,在線交易平臺于2013年正式開始,寶(bao)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)股份聯合(he)寶(bao)山區政府(fu)于2013年成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)上海鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵交易中(zhong)心(xin),2014年五礦發展成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)鑫益聯鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵電(dian)(dian)商(shang)平臺,2015年寶(bao)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)再次回(hui)爐強勢布局鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵電(dian)(dian)商(shang)-歐冶(ye)云商(shang),2013年上海鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵交易中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)注冊(ce)資本金僅1億元,而歐冶(ye)云商(shang)的(de)(de)注冊(ce)資本已(yi)升至20億。
近年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)發展勢頭較為迅猛,但(dan)2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)略顯頹勢,龍(long)頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集中(zhong)(zhong)度提高。全國(guo)各(ge)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)結(jie)算(suan)量(liang),已從2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)3962萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)提高到(dao)2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)7900萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)復合增(zeng)長(chang)率達41.2%。現階段,在(zai)國(guo)內的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong),鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)銀和歐冶云商(shang)(shang)憑借著遠(yuan)超(chao)(chao)同行(xing)(xing)的(de)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)量(liang),占(zhan)(zhan)據(ju)了(le)國(guo)內鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)的(de)前三甲的(de)兩個席位(wei)。前三甲在(zai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)結(jie)算(suan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)總量(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)占(zhan)(zhan)比已經超(chao)(chao)過了(le)國(guo)內總量(liang)的(de)六成(cheng)。進入2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后,雖然有一些新(xin)鮮血(xue)液注入,但(dan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)整體(ti)表現低(di)迷(mi),很多中(zhong)(zhong)小型鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)還是(shi)依賴(lai)于(yu)線(xian)下做貿易(yi)的(de)方式(shi)獲得(de)盈利,導致一些類似貿易(yi)商(shang)(shang)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye),在(zai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)價格的(de)漲跌中(zhong)(zhong)逐漸退出市(shi)場。公開資料顯示,2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全國(guo)各(ge)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)結(jie)算(suan)量(liang)為3703萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),低(di)于(yu)去年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)一半(ban)(ban),行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展速度有放緩跡象(xiang)。但(dan)龍(long)頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)不斷加大(da)(da)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)建設上(shang)的(de)投入,結(jie)算(suan)量(liang)繼續增(zeng)加,占(zhan)(zhan)據(ju)了(le)更大(da)(da)的(de)市(shi)場份額,今年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)銀電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)達1255萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),歐冶云商(shang)(shang)達524萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),前三家在(zai)國(guo)內鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)總量(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)占(zhan)(zhan)比之(zhi)和逐步上(shang)升(sheng)至接近65%,產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集中(zhong)(zhong)度進一步提升(sheng)。

