一(yi)、基本情況


  江蘇天淮鋼管(guan)有(you)限公(gong)司φ508mm(20in)PQF連軋管(guan)機組,是目前全球最大口徑的三輥式連軋管(guan)機組,2012年(nian)5月28日熱負荷試車(che)成功。該機組由中冶京誠工(gong)程技術有(you)限公(gong)司做工(gong)廠(chang)設(she)(she)計,主軋線設(she)(she)備(bei)由德國梅爾公(gong)司、意大利因(yin)西(xi)設(she)(she)計制造,設(she)(she)計能力為年(nian)產(chan)無縫鋼管(guan)50萬噸(dun)。自投(tou)產(chan)半年(nian)時間里,生產(chan)Φ377~508mm 規格鋼管(guan)共3.8萬噸(dun),產(chan)品質量優良(liang)。


二、產(chan)品規格和主要品種


1. 產品規格


  外徑:φ245~508mm;


  壁厚:6.1~60mm;


  長度:6~15m。


2. 主要品(pin)種(zhong)


管(guan)線管(guan)、鍋爐用管(guan)、氣瓶管(guan)、機械管(guan)、液壓支(zhi)柱管(guan),流(liu)體輸送管(guan)、結構管(guan)等(deng)。


3. 工藝流程


  φ508mm PQF連(lian)軋管機組的(de)工藝布置(zhi)如(ru)圖(tu)6-16所示。


圖 16.jpg


  工藝流程為:合格(ge)管坯→鋸(ju)(ju)切→冷定(ding)(ding)心→環形爐加熱→高壓水(shui)除(chu)磷→穿孔→吹硼砂→穿芯棒→高壓水(shui)除(chu)鱗(lin)→F連軋→脫管→高壓水(shui)除(chu)鱗(lin)→定(ding)(ding)徑→冷卻→定(ding)(ding)尺(chi)鋸(ju)(ju)切→矯直→吹吸灰(hui)→探傷(shang)→人工內外表(biao)面檢查→噴標→收(shou)集入庫。


  三個(ge)變形主機(ji)(ji)由帶管(guan)(guan)坯預旋轉的錐(zhui)形輥導(dao)板式(shi)穿(chuan)孔機(ji)(ji)、5機(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)PQF限(xian)動芯棒(bang)連軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)、12架(jia)(jia)單(dan)獨傳動的定徑機(ji)(ji)組成,三大(da)主機(ji)(ji)本體(ti)設備(bei)都由德國MEER公司(si)設計制(zhi)造(zao),主機(ji)(ji)設備(bei)前后臺(tai)連線設備(bei)由中冶(ye)京誠(cheng)工程技術有限(xian)公司(si)設計,天津賽瑞機(ji)(ji)器制(zhi)造(zao)有限(xian)公司(si)制(zhi)造(zao)。φ508PQF機(ji)(ji)組采用更為(wei)完(wan)善的先(xian)進(jin)工藝控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)-CARTA系(xi)統(tong)、嚴格的質量控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)-QAS系(xi)統(tong)、物料(liao)跟(gen)蹤(zong)系(xi)統(tong)(MTS)以及在線檢測系(xi)統(tong)等工藝控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)技術,從而確保了熱軋大(da)口徑無縫(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)生產的工藝先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)及穩定性(xing)。


四、主要工藝設備(bei)及性能特點


  1. 環形加熱爐


  環(huan)形爐由LOI天(tian)津公司(si)設計(ji)及制(zhi)作(zuo),為降低成本,采用(yong)高(gao)爐煤氣(qi)和(he)(he)天(tian)然氣(qi)混(hun)合氣(qi)作(zuo)為燃料(liao)。從裝(zhuang)料(liao)到出料(liao)共分(fen)7個加熱(re)(re)(re)控制(zhi)段(duan)(duan),其(qi)中(zhong)第1~2段(duan)(duan)為預熱(re)(re)(re)段(duan)(duan),第3~5段(duan)(duan)為加熱(re)(re)(re)段(duan)(duan),第6~7段(duan)(duan)為均(jun)(jun)(jun)熱(re)(re)(re)段(duan)(duan);其(qi)中(zhong)預熱(re)(re)(re)2段(duan)(duan)和(he)(he)加熱(re)(re)(re)段(duan)(duan)采用(yong)高(gao)爐煤氣(qi)蓄熱(re)(re)(re)燒嘴,均(jun)(jun)(jun)熱(re)(re)(re)段(duan)(duan)用(yong)頂置的天(tian)然氣(qi)平焰燒嘴均(jun)(jun)(jun)熱(re)(re)(re),環(huan)形爐采用(yong)全自動(dong)、先進(jin)、可(ke)靠的熱(re)(re)(re)工(gong)控制(zhi)系統測(ce)量(liang)和(he)(he)控制(zhi)爐子(zi)的熱(re)(re)(re)工(gong)過(guo)程,可(ke)根(gen)據不同工(gong)況準(zhun)確匹配爐子(zi)供熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang),保證管坯按(an)最佳(jia)的工(gong)藝曲線加熱(re)(re)(re)和(he)(he)保溫。


 環形加熱爐(lu)主要參數包括:


   中(zhong)徑:51m;


   爐(lu)底寬度(du):5.4m;


   最(zui)大加熱長度:5.0m;


   最(zui)大坯重:7620kg;


   最大加熱能力:260t/h;


   最大(da)裝出料節奏:90p/h。


 2. 錐形(xing)輥穿孔機


   該機組采用導板式錐形輥立式穿孔機,在18in PQF機組基礎上,穿孔輥直徑從1500mm增大到1700mm,電機功率從6500kW2臺增加到8200kW×2臺,提高穿孔機的變形能力,減少連軋機的變形負荷;采用導板式主要目的是穿孔機孔型封閉性好、毛管壁厚精度高,減少了導盤傳動系統,減小了牌坊的尺寸,降低了設備投資。


  由于本機(ji)組(zu)采用的管(guan)坯直徑(Φ310mm、ф380mm、Φ450mm、φ500mm)比18in機(ji)組(zu)管(guan)坯直徑大(da),管(guan)坯重(zhong)量(liang)也大(da),為方便管(guan)坯咬(yao)入,防止(zhi)前(qian)(qian)卡事故(gu),在前(qian)(qian)臺(tai)設置了管(guan)坯預(yu)旋轉裝置,見圖6-17,大(da)管(guan)坯在推(tui)鋼機(ji)推(tui)入軋輥前(qian)(qian)在預(yu)旋轉的驅動(dong)下旋轉起來,這(zhe)樣很大(da)程度改善了咬(yao)入條(tiao)件,減少了事故(gu),提高了軋輥壽命。


圖 17.jpg


  該穿孔機后臺一(yi)段有(you)6組三輥(gun)定心裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi),后臺二段的(de)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)(gan)采用(yong)(yong)在(zai)線小(xiao)車上下料、頂(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)采用(yong)(yong)內部循環(huan)水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)加外(wai)(wai)(wai)部氣霧(wu)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)方式,當頂(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)穿廢時隨頂(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)(gan)一(yi)起(qi)更(geng)換,見圖6-18所示。頂(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)(gan)上料后冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)水(shui)可直接循環(huan)到頂(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)工(gong)作段的(de)內腔,在(zai)軋制及間歇不管頂(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)(gan)在(zai)什么位置(zhi)(zhi),都能通過內部循環(huan)水(shui)對(dui)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)快速冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que);在(zai)軋制間歇時頂(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)(gan)回退到基位后,進入有(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)部氣霧(wu)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)箱(xiang)對(dui)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)進行(xing)外(wai)(wai)(wai)部冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que),氣霧(wu)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)箱(xiang)中的(de)15道(dao)水(shui)環(huan)分(fen)(fen)4組控制,從圓周方向分(fen)(fen)別(bie)對(dui)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)不同部位分(fen)(fen)別(bie)控制時間控制水(shui)量(liang)來冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que),從而保證了頂(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)工(gong)作段良好的(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)效果(guo)。


圖 18.jpg


  在以前18英寸PQF機組基礎上頂(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)冷卻(que)(que)形式做了很大改進,見圖(tu)(tu)6-19(其(qi)中(zhong),圖(tu)(tu)6-19為(wei)本(ben)機組頂(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)結(jie)構,圖(tu)(tu)6-19(b)為(wei)原18in頂(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)結(jie)構),頂(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)由原來的實(shi)心(xin)體改為(wei)空腔(qiang)體,以至于內(nei)部冷卻(que)(que)水能(neng)一直(zhi)貫(guan)通整(zheng)個頂(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)的內(nei)腔(qiang),使頂(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)的尖端及工作段能(neng)得(de)到徹底冷卻(que)(que),從而延長了頂(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)壽(shou)命。


圖 19.jpg


  本(ben)機(ji)組的(de)(de)毛管橫移采用可伸縮的(de)(de)大擺臂移送到(dao)(dao)硼砂(sha)工位,吹完(wan)硼砂(sha)后由帶擺動撥(bo)叉地面小車將(jiang)毛管移送到(dao)(dao)PQF連軋(ya)機(ji)前臺。


  穿孔機主(zhu)要參數(shu)包括:


   最(zui)大/最(zui)小軋(ya)輥直徑(jing):1700mm/1550mm;


   最(zui)大出(chu)口速度(du):0.8m/s;


   最大軋制力矩:3165kN·m;


   主電(dian)機功率:8200kW×2臺;


   主電(dian)機最大轉速:354r/min;


   氣霧(wu)冷(leng)卻(que)系(xi)統(tong):水壓0.5~0.7MPa;氣壓0.4~0.5MIPa。


 3. PQF連軋管機(ji)


  本機(ji)(ji)(ji)組PQF連(lian)軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)5機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)的(de)軸向換輥(gun)(gun)連(lian)軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)見(jian)圖6-20,優點是隧(sui)道式筒形(xing)牌(pai)坊剛度及強度好,傳動布置緊湊,軋(ya)(ya)制穩定性好。每架(jia)軋(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)三個互成120°的(de)軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)安(an)裝在獨立的(de)軋(ya)(ya)制單(dan)元一軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)小機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)內,安(an)裝在隧(sui)道上(shang)的(de)伺服液(ye)壓小倉,可(ke)以對(dui)軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)輥(gun)(gun)縫(feng)進行同(tong)步調整也可(ke)以單(dan)獨調整,即(ji)采用了輥(gun)(gun)縫(feng)自動控(kong)(kong)制系統(HCCS),從而保證了軋(ya)(ya)制質量,另外,該連(lian)軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)在生產過程(cheng)中采用了工藝過程(cheng)控(kong)(kong)制系統(PSS),實現了溫度補(bu)償(chang)、咬入沖擊(ji)控(kong)(kong)制、錐形(xing)芯(xin)棒(bang)伺服和頭尾削尖等功能。


  由于(yu)該(gai)機組軋(ya)制節奏(zou)較慢(最快40s/支),只(zhi)有在線穿(chuan)芯(xin)(xin)棒方式,不(bu)設預穿(chuan)線,減(jian)少了(le)(le)芯(xin)(xin)棒在線數量,減(jian)少了(le)(le)芯(xin)(xin)棒與毛(mao)(mao)管接觸時間,減(jian)少了(le)(le)毛(mao)(mao)管的溫降(jiang),提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)芯(xin)(xin)棒壽命,節省了(le)(le)設備(bei)投資。


圖 20.jpg


 連軋機主要參數包括:


   荒管(guan)外徑:ф294mm,φ383mm,φ454mm,φ530mm;


   軋輥直(zhi)徑(jing):φ1060~1130mm;


   最大入口(kou)速度:1.5m/s;


   最(zui)大出口(kou)速度:4.0m/s;


   最(zui)大軋制力:620kN;


   最大軋制(zhi)力矩:250kN·m;


   電(dian)機功(gong)率:1~4號機架各(ge)3×1000kW,5機架為3×500kW;


   限動(dong)力:2900kN;


   限動電機(ji)功率:500kW×6臺;


   限動最大前進(jin)速度:2.5m/s;


   限(xian)動(dong)最大返回速度:4.5m/s;


   軋(ya)制中限動速度:1.5m/s。


 4. 定徑機


   采用12架三(san)輥式(shi)定徑機(ji),見圖(tu)6-21,每架都有(you)一臺電機(ji)驅動(dong),機(ji)架采用傘齒輪內傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)結構,在機(ji)架外(wai)有(you)一根傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)軸(zhou)通過聯軸(zhou)器與12架組合式(shi)的減速器相連接(jie),奇偶架的電機(ji)前后排上下兩層(ceng)排列(lie),整個定徑機(ji)布置(zhi)緊湊(cou)。該(gai)機(ji)組在定徑機(ji)前設置(zhi)了高(gao)壓水(shui)除鱗裝置(zhi),提(ti)高(gao)鋼管的外(wai)表面質量(liang),延(yan)長軋輥壽命。


圖 21.jpg


定徑機主要參數包括:


  軋(ya)輥(gun)名(ming)義直徑:φ1000mm;


  機架間(jian)距:880mm;


  入口鋼管(guan)速(su)度:0.8~1.5m/s;


  出口鋼管(guan)速(su)度:0.85~2.0m/s;


  電(dian)機功率:350kW×12臺(tai);


  電(dian)機(ji)轉速:200~600/1200r/min。



五、機組工藝(yi)控制系(xi)統(tong)和質量保證(zheng)系(xi)統(tong)


   PQF三輥連軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)數量的(de)(de)不斷增多,使得PQF連軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和質(zhi)量保(bao)證(zheng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不斷提高完善(shan),從而保(bao)證(zheng)了更(geng)好的(de)(de)產品質(zhi)量,更(geng)高的(de)(de)成材率和設(she)(she)備利(li)用率以及(ji)較低的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)消耗。整(zheng)個(ge)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)過程管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包括通常所(suo)說的(de)(de)MTS系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、HCCS系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、PSS系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)在內的(de)(de)CARTA系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)以及(ji)QAS系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大(da)部(bu)分(fen)組(zu)成。整(zheng)個(ge)熱軋(ya)線的(de)(de)CARTA系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)用來生產計(ji)劃及(ji)生產管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),由穿孔機(ji)CARTA系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、PQF軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)CARTA系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)及(ji)定徑機(ji)CARTA系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)三部(bu)分(fen)組(zu)成,其中PQF軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)CARTA是(shi)核(he)心部(bu)分(fen),穿孔機(ji)CARTA系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)主要是(shi)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)參(can)數設(she)(she)定、頂頭導板軋(ya)輥等(deng)軋(ya)制工(gong)(gong)具(ju)設(she)(she)計(ji)等(deng)內容;張(zhang)減機(ji)CARTA系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)主要是(shi)孔型設(she)(she)計(ji)、工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)參(can)數設(she)(she)定等(deng)內容。QAS系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)用于熱軋(ya)線質(zhi)量控制的(de)(de)檢(jian)測系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。



六(liu)、在線(xian)檢測(ce)質量保(bao)證系統QAS


   QAS是一個在線獨(du)立工作站,通過對物(wu)料(liao)的(de)(de)跟(gen)蹤檢測(ce)(ce),對數據進行收(shou)集分析(xi)和存儲,并將分析(xi)的(de)(de)結果及時(shi)反饋給CARTA系統以(yi)實(shi)施(shi)對物(wu)料(liao)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),保(bao)(bao)證鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)質量。QAS檢測(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)具體(ti)內容包括:管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)稱重(zhong)以(yi)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坯(pi)料(liao)超重(zhong),實(shi)現(xian)坯(pi)料(liao)跟(gen)蹤;環形(xing)爐出口測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)以(yi)優化管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)加(jia)熱,滿足穿孔及連(lian)(lian)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)工藝要(yao)求(qiu),確保(bao)(bao)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)質量;穿孔后(hou)測(ce)(ce)長以(yi)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毛管(guan)(guan)幾(ji)何(he)尺寸,確保(bao)(bao)連(lian)(lian)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)咬入及軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定;芯棒(bang)潤滑前(qian)測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)以(yi)滿足芯棒(bang)噴(pen)涂(tu)潤滑劑的(de)(de)工藝要(yao)求(qiu),確保(bao)(bao)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)內表面質量和芯棒(bang)使用壽命;連(lian)(lian)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)人口測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)以(yi)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毛管(guan)(guan)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)確保(bao)(bao)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)機正常咬入及軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性;連(lian)(lian)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)后(hou)測(ce)(ce)厚測(ce)(ce)長測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)以(yi)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)出口荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)幾(ji)何(he)尺寸,確保(bao)(bao)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)壁厚精度(du);定徑前(qian)測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)以(yi)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)溫(wen)(wen)度(du),確保(bao)(bao)定徑軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穩(wen)定性。


七、機組(zu)特(te)點


 1. 增大管坯直徑,降低(di)穿孔的擴徑率,提高毛(mao)管的幾何(he)尺寸精度


    與(yu)相近(jin)機(ji)組相比(如表6-11所示),該機(ji)組增(zeng)大(da)管(guan)(guan)坯直徑的(de)(de)(de)意義在(zai)于(yu):對于(yu)環(huan)形爐(lu),大(da)口徑厚壁管(guan)(guan)生產(chan)時降(jiang)低了(le)坯料的(de)(de)(de)長度(du)(du),設計中(zhong)減少了(le)環(huan)形爐(lu)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)徑,在(zai)環(huan)形爐(lu)建設中(zhong)減少了(le)近(jin)5%投資;對于(yu)穿孔(kong)機(ji)而(er)言,管(guan)(guan)坯外徑增(zeng)大(da)了(le),但毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)幾何(he)尺寸和同類機(ji)組一樣(yang),這樣(yang)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)擴徑率降(jiang)低了(le)近(jin)10%,在(zai)穿孔(kong)斜軋(ya)過程中(zhong),大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低了(le)軋(ya)件的(de)(de)(de)橫向變(bian)形,能很好抑制(zhi)穿孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)附(fu)加(jia)變(bian)形程度(du)(du),提(ti)高毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)幾何(he)尺寸精度(du)(du)。


 2. 穿孔機采用新型(xing)的頂(ding)桿頂(ding)頭(tou)連接形式和更換(huan)方式


    與φ460機(ji)組相比,天淮508機(ji)組穿孔(kong)后臺二段(duan)形式(shi)徹底改進(jin),針對大(da)機(ji)組節(jie)(jie)奏較慢(man)(最快(kuai)40s以上)的(de)(de)特點,為提(ti)高(gao)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)運行穩(wen)定性,增加頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)上下料小(xiao)車,實現頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)的(de)(de)在(zai)線循環,改變了(le)同(tong)類(lei)錐(zhui)形穿孔(kong)機(ji)組單(dan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)在(zai)線自(zi)動快(kuai)換(huan)(huan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭模(mo)式(shi)(設備(bei)(bei)精度(du)要求較高(gao)),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭和(he)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)通(tong)過(guo)過(guo)盈(ying)錐(zhui)面配合外加定位銷連接,見圖6-19,并線外裝配作業,這(zhe)樣減少(shao)了(le)換(huan)(huan)規格(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)設備(bei)(bei)調整時(shi)(shi)間,改進(jin)后還避免生產過(guo)程(cheng)中在(zai)線頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭安裝不(bu)上出現無頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭軋制工(gong)藝(yi)事故(gu),節(jie)(jie)省了(le)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)消耗(hao)和(he)工(gong)藝(yi)事故(gu)擴大(da)化(hua)造(zao)成的(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)故(gu)障,節(jie)(jie)省工(gong)具(ju)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)作業率。另外,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)更換(huan)(huan)小(xiao)車形式(shi),換(huan)(huan)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)時(shi)(shi)提(ti)前準備(bei)(bei)好新(xin)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan),10min 內完成穿孔(kong)機(ji)組的(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)更換(huan)(huan),較同(tong)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)組穿孔(kong)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)更換(huan)(huan)時(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)節(jie)(jie)省近(jin)90%的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間。


 3. 改(gai)進了穿孔機組頂頭(tou)的冷(leng)卻方式


    天淮φ508機(ji)組(zu)(zu)穿孔(kong)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻方式(shi)(shi)增(zeng)加了(le)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)的(de)內水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)并改進了(le)外水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)方式(shi)(shi),該(gai)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)冷(leng)(leng)卻水(shui)能直接到達(da)(da)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)的(de)腔體(ti)內(見圖6-19),設(she)計時增(zeng)加了(le)內水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)的(de)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya),由同(tong)類機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)8bar增(zeng)加到12bar,提高了(le)冷(leng)(leng)卻速率(lv)。改進了(le)外水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)的(de)形式(shi)(shi),在同(tong)類穿孔(kong)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)更換裝置(zhi)的(de)位置(zhi),設(she)計了(le)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)外冷(leng)(leng)的(de)專用裝置(zhi),該(gai)裝置(zhi)采用氣霧冷(leng)(leng)卻方式(shi)(shi),見圖6-18,并配套(tao)電(dian)氣控制(zhi)系統,根據(ju)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)規格和溫度調整噴吹壓(ya)(ya)力和時間(jian),保(bao)證頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)冷(leng)(leng)卻均(jun)勻(yun),避免了(le)軋制(zhi)后的(de)高溫頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)由冷(leng)(leng)卻不均(jun)造成頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)開裂報廢。該(gai)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)內外水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)的(de)方式(shi)(shi),從近半年生產統計鍛造頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)的(de)平均(jun)壽命(ming)達(da)(da)到450支(個(ge)別(bie)達(da)(da)到900支)以上(shang),頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)平均(jun)壽命(ming)是其(qi)他同(tong)類機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)1.5倍以上(shang)。


 4. 連軋(ya)短(duan)管(guan)模式(shi)


    為(wei)保證大(da)口(kou)(kou)徑厚(hou)壁管(guan)(guan)的生(sheng)(sheng)產,連(lian)(lian)軋機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)增(zeng)加(jia)短(duan)管(guan)(guan)模(mo)式(shi),設(she)(she)計(ji)中連(lian)(lian)軋機(ji)(ji)(ji)與脫(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)間距為(wei)11.5m,在生(sheng)(sheng)產短(duan)于11.5m大(da)口(kou)(kou)徑超(chao)厚(hou)壁管(guan)(guan)時(shi),開(kai)發連(lian)(lian)軋的短(duan)管(guan)(guan)模(mo)式(shi),在設(she)(she)計(ji)過程中考慮實(shi)現最短(duan)8m管(guan)(guan)生(sheng)(sheng)產,脫(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)選型時(shi)保證低速(su)性能穩定,依靠限動齒條將連(lian)(lian)軋后管(guan)(guan)送進(jin)脫(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji),這時(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的線速(su)度和限動速(su)度一致,咬入(ru)后脫(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)升速(su)實(shi)現荒管(guan)(guan)和芯棒(bang)脫(tuo)(tuo)開(kai)。


 5. 為(wei)保證(zheng)大口徑薄壁管表(biao)面(mian)質量(liang),移送設(she)備(bei)創新結構,做到輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放


    為(wei)保(bao)證大口(kou)徑(jing)薄(bo)(bo)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)質量(liang),防止鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)移(yi)送(song)(song)過程出(chu)現(xian)(xian)嗑傷(shang)(shang)及(ji)(ji)劃(hua)痕現(xian)(xian)象,本機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)橫(heng)移(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)及(ji)(ji)脫管(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou)(hou)橫(heng)移(yi)鏈撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)料(liao)(liao)(liao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)都進(jin)行(xing)改(gai)進(jin)創新。在(zai)ф460mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)從三(san)輥定(ding)心(xin)由(you)(you)一個(ge)撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)料(liao)(liao)(liao)鉤撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)出(chu)由(you)(you)另一個(ge)撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)料(liao)(liao)(liao)鉤接料(liao)(liao)(liao)放到(dao)(dao)旋轉托輥上(shang)吹硼砂,見圖6-22(a),吹完硼砂后(hou)(hou)由(you)(you)高(gao)架小(xiao)車(che)(che)(che)移(yi)送(song)(song)到(dao)(dao)帶高(gao)度調整的(de)(de)(de)(de)受料(liao)(liao)(liao)鞍(an)座上(shang),毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)滾落(luo)到(dao)(dao)鞍(an)座輥道上(shang)進(jin)而由(you)(you)連軋(ya)前(qian)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)回轉臂(bei)(bei)(bei)取(qu)走;防止大口(kou)徑(jing)薄(bo)(bo)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(特(te)別是(shi)徑(jing)壁大于(yu)48)在(zai)撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)料(liao)(liao)(liao)滾動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嗑傷(shang)(shang)和(he)劃(hua)痕,天淮(huai)ф508mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)在(zai)此進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)改(gai)進(jin)創新,見圖6-22(b),三(san)輥定(ding)心(xin)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)由(you)(you)可伸(shen)縮的(de)(de)(de)(de)大擺臂(bei)(bei)(bei)移(yi)送(song)(song)到(dao)(dao)硼砂工位,吹完硼砂后(hou)(hou)由(you)(you)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)小(xiao)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)叉(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)將(jiang)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)取(qu)走,小(xiao)車(che)(che)(che)到(dao)(dao)行(xing)程后(hou)(hou),小(xiao)車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)叉(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)將(jiang)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)移(yi)到(dao)(dao)垂(chui)直升(sheng)(sheng)降的(de)(de)(de)(de)放料(liao)(liao)(liao)叉(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),小(xiao)車(che)(che)(che)回退,然后(hou)(hou)由(you)(you)連軋(ya)前(qian)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)回轉臂(bei)(bei)(bei)取(qu)走毛管(guan)(guan)(guan),在(zai)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)次接力傳遞(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都避免了(le)(le)(le)(le)在(zai)撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)叉(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)及(ji)(ji)鞍(an)座臺架上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滾動沖擊,都是(shi)輕拿輕放,避免了(le)(le)(le)(le)嗑傷(shang)(shang)和(he)劃(hua)痕,提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)質量(liang)。另外,本機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)在(zai)脫管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)(hou)橫(heng)移(yi)鏈冷床入(ru)口(kou)撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)料(liao)(liao)(liao)采用(yong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)料(liao)(liao)(liao)防護機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou),見圖6-23,當鏈床的(de)(de)(de)(de)撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)料(liao)(liao)(liao)臂(bei)(bei)(bei)抬起過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)附(fu)帶在(zai)撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)料(liao)(liao)(liao)臂(bei)(bei)(bei)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防護板(ban)也(ye)隨之升(sheng)(sheng)起以(yi)保(bao)護鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)防止在(zai)撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)料(liao)(liao)(liao)盤上(shang)嗑傷(shang)(shang),當撥(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)料(liao)(liao)(liao)臂(bei)(bei)(bei)落(luo)下(xia)時反向(xiang)連桿(gan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)使(shi)防護板(ban)也(ye)落(luo)下(xia),將(jiang)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)慢慢放下(xia),從而避免了(le)(le)(le)(le)在(zai)以(yi)前(qian)18in機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)上(shang)薄(bo)(bo)臂(bei)(bei)(bei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)總在(zai)小(xiao)冷床入(ru)口(kou)嗑傷(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)果。在(zai)天淮(huai)φ508mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),類似以(yi)上(shang)保(bao)護措(cuo)施及(ji)(ji)結構(gou)應用(yong)較多,進(jin)一步提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)大口(kou)徑(jing)薄(bo)(bo)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)質量(liang)。


圖 22.jpg

圖 23.jpg



八、結(jie)論


Φ508mmPQF機組是當(dang)今世界(jie)上(shang)最大(da)的(de)熱連(lian)軋管生產機組,擁有了(le)世界(jie)上(shang)最先進(jin)的(de)工藝設計和過程控(kong)制水平,同(tong)時(shi)設計過程中對同(tong)類機組的(de)不足之處(chu)和薄弱環節(jie)進(jin)行了(le)重(zhong)大(da)改進(jin),創新了(le)5項技術:


  1. 在吸收以(yi)往的(de)MPM和(he)PQF機(ji)組經(jing)驗的(de)基礎上(shang),采用8200kW大功率(lv)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)加大了穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)的(de)變形量(liang),減小(xiao)了后(hou)續(xu)工序變形,穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)的(de)延伸系數最(zui)(zui)大能夠達到(dao)4.7。并(bing)設計減小(xiao)了穿(chuan)孔(kong)毛管(guan)與連軋(ya)芯棒之間(jian)的(de)間(jian)隙,因此更有利于(yu)生產(chan)薄壁(bi)管(guan)和(he)高(gao)合金管(guan),已成(cheng)功生產(chan)的(de)φ508mmx9.5mm鋼(gang)管(guan)徑壁(bi)比達到(dao)56。同(tong)時(shi)最(zui)(zui)大限(xian)度地消除了PQF軋(ya)機(ji)的(de)內壁(bi)傷(shang)問題,提高(gao)了鋼(gang)管(guan)壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)精度和(he)均(jun)勻度。表6-12及圖6-24為(wei)φ508mm機(ji)組生產(chan)的(de)φ508mmx12.5mm鋼(gang)管(guan)取樣情況:A~H為(wei)沿鋼(gang)管(guan)同(tong)一斷(duan)面測得的(de)8個壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)數據。由圖表可知鋼(gang)管(guan)各斷(duan)面的(de)壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)偏(pian)差率(lv)都在±8%以(yi)內。


12.jpg


  2. 穿孔機組(zu)采用新型(xing)的頂桿和頂頭連接和更換方式,保證(zheng)設(she)備運行(xing)穩定,減少了事故,提(ti)高了作業率,降低了頂桿費用。


  3. 穿(chuan)孔機組頂頭(tou)(tou)增加(jia)了內水冷(leng)并設(she)計外水冷(leng)裝(zhuang)置,保證頂頭(tou)(tou)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)均勻,提高了頂頭(tou)(tou)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)效果,頂頭(tou)(tou)壽命提高近50%,為同(tong)類機組提供了改進技術。


  4. 連軋機組開發了短管模式,實現8m以上的大口(kou)徑厚壁管的生產,擴大了該機組生產的產品大綱。


  5. 設計開發了輕拿輕放的鋼管移送機構,避免了大口徑薄(bo)壁管(guan)移送過程出現磕碰和劃傷,提高了薄壁管產品的一次合格率。