一、裝置簡介

  醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)是重要(yao)的(de)(de)有機化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)原(yuan)料之(zhi)一，廣(guang)泛用(yong)于(yu)合(he)(he)(he)成纖維、涂料、醫藥(yao)、農藥(yao)、食品添加(jia)劑、染織等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業，是國(guo)民經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)一個(ge)重要(yao)組(zu)(zu)成部分。醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)有乙醛氧化(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)（乙醇和乙烯法(fa)(fa)(fa)）、乙烷和甲烷氧化(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)以及(ji)甲醇羰(tang)(tang)基(ji)合(he)(he)(he)成法(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)。生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)不同，操作條件及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)成和腐(fu)(fu)蝕性也不同，對設備(bei)和管(guan)道材料的(de)(de)要(yao)求也不同。甲醇低壓羰(tang)(tang)基(ji)合(he)(he)(he)成醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)流程(cheng)簡(jian)單，產(chan)能大，產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)高，是目前最先進的(de)(de)醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)，也是國(guo)內(nei)外醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)主流工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)。羰(tang)(tang)基(ji)合(he)(he)(he)成醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)介質(zhi)腐(fu)(fu)蝕性強，對設備(bei)管(guan)道材料有特殊的(de)(de)要(yao)求。

二、典型羰(tang)基(ji)合成醋(cu)酸工(gong)藝流程

  甲醇低壓羰基合(he)成醋(cu)酸技(ji)術由(you)美國Monsanto公司實現(xian)工(gong)業化，其工(gong)藝流(liu)程示意(yi)圖如圖2.36所示。

  甲(jia)醇(chun)低壓(ya)羰基(ji)合成(cheng)醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)生產工藝(yi)大致可分(fen)為反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)、精(jing)制、輕組(zu)分(fen)回(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)、催(cui)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制備與再(zai)生等(deng)工序(xu)。甲(jia)醇(chun)由甲(jia)醇(chun)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)儲槽經(jing)甲(jia)醇(chun)加料泵送(song)(song)(song)(song)至甲(jia)醇(chun)加熱器(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)入反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)釜(fu)(fu)(fu)。精(jing)制一(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳以一(yi)定(ding)(ding)壓(ya)力(li)及(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)流量(liang)由反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)釜(fu)(fu)(fu)底(di)部進(jin)(jin)入釜(fu)(fu)(fu)內(nei)分(fen)配管。在(zai)攪拌(ban)器(qi)(qi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)，CO在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)擴散溶(rong)(rong)解。在(zai)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)、碘(dian)(dian)(dian)甲(jia)烷促進(jin)(jin)劑(ji)及(ji)(ji)(ji)碘(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)氫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)，CO與甲(jia)醇(chun)在(zai)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)釜(fu)(fu)(fu)內(nei)生成(cheng)醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)。經(jing)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)釜(fu)(fu)(fu)冷(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻(que)后(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)人冷(leng)凝(ning)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)分(fen)離器(qi)(qi)。含(han)(han)有大量(liang)碘(dian)(dian)(dian)甲(jia)烷、醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)甲(jia)酯等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)凝(ning)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)送(song)(song)(song)(song)回(hui)(hui)(hui)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)釜(fu)(fu)(fu)，冷(leng)卻(que)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體進(jin)(jin)人高(gao)壓(ya)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)貧(pin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)（醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)）吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)氣(qi)(qi)體中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碘(dian)(dian)(dian)甲(jia)烷，吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)了碘(dian)(dian)(dian)甲(jia)烷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)從高(gao)壓(ya)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)底(di)部排出進(jin)(jin)入再(zai)生塔(ta)(ta)(ta)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)再(zai)生。吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尾(wei)氣(qi)(qi)去(qu)(qu)火炬系統(tong)。反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)釜(fu)(fu)(fu)內(nei)生成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)閃蒸(zheng)罐(guan)內(nei)閃蒸(zheng)后(hou)(hou)形成(cheng)氣(qi)(qi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)兩相(xiang)(xiang)。液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體經(jing)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)泵送(song)(song)(song)(song)回(hui)(hui)(hui)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)釜(fu)(fu)(fu)。含(han)(han)有醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、碘(dian)(dian)(dian)甲(jia)烷、碘(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)氫、水(shui)(shui)及(ji)(ji)(ji)醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)甲(jia)酯等(deng)組(zu)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)去(qu)(qu)初(chu)分(fen)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)提純。來自閃蒸(zheng)罐(guan)氣(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)物料中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碘(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)氫以及(ji)(ji)(ji)夾(jia)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)少(shao)量(liang)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)，在(zai)初(chu)分(fen)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)底(di)部靠位差(cha)返(fan)回(hui)(hui)(hui)閃蒸(zheng)罐(guan)。初(chu)分(fen)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)蒸(zheng)餾得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)由塔(ta)(ta)(ta)側中(zhong)(zhong)部取(qu)出，送(song)(song)(song)(song)至脫水(shui)(shui)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)。脫水(shui)(shui)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)氣(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)與初(chu)分(fen)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)氣(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)道(dao)送(song)(song)(song)(song)至低壓(ya)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)，回(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)碘(dian)(dian)(dian)甲(jia)烷后(hou)(hou)尾(wei)氣(qi)(qi)去(qu)(qu)火炬系統(tong)，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體送(song)(song)(song)(song)再(zai)生塔(ta)(ta)(ta)，成(cheng)品(pin)醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)由成(cheng)品(pin)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)側部取(qu)出，冷(leng)卻(que)后(hou)(hou)送(song)(song)(song)(song)成(cheng)品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)儲槽。含(han)(han)丙酸(suan)(suan)(suan)以及(ji)(ji)(ji)金屬碘(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)沸點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)由塔(ta)(ta)(ta)底(di)部送(song)(song)(song)(song)往汽提塔(ta)(ta)(ta)系統(tong)，以回(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)醋(cu)(cu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)底(di)重組(zu)分(fen)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步處(chu)理回(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。再(zai)生塔(ta)(ta)(ta)再(zai)生后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貧(pin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)水(shui)(shui)冷(leng)卻(que)后(hou)(hou)，一(yi)部分(fen)送(song)(song)(song)(song)往高(gao)壓(ya)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)作吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)劑(ji)；另一(yi)部分(fen)送(song)(song)(song)(song)往低壓(ya)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)作吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)劑(ji)，循(xun)環(huan)(huan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

三、醋酸(suan)裝置的(de)配管設(she)計

  主要是對塔、罐、泵、反應器(qi)等設(she)備的(de)配(pei)管設(she)計。