21世(shi)紀(ji)原(yuan)油(you)重(zhong)質(zhi)化和(he)劣質(zhi)化的(de)(de)(de)趨勢將越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)明顯,我國煉(lian)(lian)(lian)油(you)行業加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)含硫原(yuan)油(you)和(he)重(zhong)質(zhi)原(yuan)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)比例將越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)大。在煉(lian)(lian)(lian)油(you)廠含硫重(zhong)質(zhi)原(yuan)油(you)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝流(liu)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)選擇和(he)配置(zhi)上(shang),可(ke)采(cai)用延遲(chi)焦(jiao)化、渣(zha)油(you)加(jia)(jia)(jia)氫、重(zhong)油(you)催化裂化(RFCC)或相應的(de)(de)(de)組合工(gong)(gong)藝;對于產品精(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)則普遍采(cai)用加(jia)(jia)(jia)氫精(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)藝,以滿(man)足日(ri)益提(ti)高的(de)(de)(de)環保(bao)和(he)產品質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。因此,在煉(lian)(lian)(lian)油(you)廠總的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)流(liu)程(cheng)中,各種臨氫工(gong)(gong)藝已日(ri)益成(cheng)為煉(lian)(lian)(lian)油(you)廠主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)手段。
工業上(shang)生產氫(qing)氣(qi)的方法(fa)有很(hen)多,如煤(mei)或焦炭的水(shui)(shui)煤(mei)氣(qi)法(fa)、渣油(you)(you)或重(zhong)油(you)(you)的部分氧化(hua)法(fa)、輕烴水(shui)(shui)蒸氣(qi)轉化(hua)法(fa)、煉(lian)油(you)(you)廠富氫(qing)氣(qi)體凈(jing)化(hua)分離(li)法(fa)、甲醇為原料蒸汽重(zhong)整法(fa)以及電解(jie)水(shui)(shui)法(fa)等。而輕烴水(shui)(shui)蒸氣(qi)轉化(hua)法(fa)以其(qi)工藝成熟(shu)可靠、投資(zi)低廉、操作方便而占(zhan)主導地(di)位(wei)。就全球范圍(wei)而言(yan),對于煉(lian)油(you)(you)企業,除從(cong)含氫(qing)氣(qi)體中回(hui)收氫(qing)外(wai),目前大約(yue)90%的制氫(qing)裝置(zhi)都采用烴類水(shui)(shui)蒸氣(qi)轉化(hua)法(fa)。
常(chang)規脫碳法制氫裝置典型工(gong)藝流程,如圖5-143所(suo)示。


