用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送原油(you)(you)、成品(pin)油(you)(you)和液(ye)化石油(you)(you)氣的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)工程(cheng)。一般包括輸(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)、輸(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)及輔助設(she)施等工程(cheng)內容。輸(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)各類型輸(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、管(guan)(guan)道(dao)及有關設(she)施的(de)(de)統(tong)稱。輸(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)工程(cheng)中各類工藝(yi)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場的(de)(de)統(tong)稱。首(shou)(shou)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)(de)起點(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。中間(jian)(jian)(jian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)在輸(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)首(shou)(shou)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和末(mo)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)有的(de)(de)各類站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場的(de)(de)統(tong)稱。分(fen)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)在輸(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)沿(yan)線,為分(fen)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)品(pin)至(zhi)用(yong)(yong)戶而(er)設(she)置的(de)(de)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場。中間(jian)(jian)(jian)加熱(re)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)在輸(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)首(shou)(shou)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和末(mo)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)以加熱(re)設(she)施為主的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。末(mo)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)(de)終點(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。
(1)輸(shu)(shu)油(you)管道工(gong)(gong)程設(she)計(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)算輸(shu)(shu)油(you)量時,年(nian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)天數(shu)應(ying)按(an)350天計(ji)(ji)算。應(ying)按(an)設(she)計(ji)(ji)委(wei)托書(shu)或設(she)計(ji)(ji)合同規定的輸(shu)(shu)量(年(nian)輸(shu)(shu)量、月輸(shu)(shu)量、日輸(shu)(shu)量)作(zuo)為設(she)計(ji)(ji)輸(shu)(shu)量。設(she)計(ji)(ji)最(zui)小輸(shu)(shu)量應(ying)符合經(jing)濟(ji)及安全輸(shu)(shu)送條(tiao)件(jian)。
(2)輸油(you)管(guan)道設(she)計宜采(cai)用(yong)(yong)密閉輸送工藝。若采(cai)用(yong)(yong)其(qi)他輸送工藝,應進行(xing)技術經濟(ji)論(lun)(lun)證(zheng),并說明其(qi)可行(xing)性。當管(guan)輸多種油(you)品時,宜采(cai)用(yong)(yong)順序輸送工藝。若采(cai)用(yong)(yong)專管(guan)專用(yong)(yong)輸送工藝,應進行(xing)技術經濟(ji)論(lun)(lun)證(zheng)。
(3)輸(shu)(shu)油(you)管(guan)道(dao)系統輸(shu)(shu)送工(gong)(gong)藝方(fang)案應依據設計內壓力、管(guan)道(dao)管(guan)型及鋼種等(deng)級、管(guan)徑、壁(bi)厚、輸(shu)(shu)送方(fang)式、輸(shu)(shu)油(you)站數、順序輸(shu)(shu)送油(you)品批次等(deng),以多個組合(he)方(fang)案進行比(bi)選,確定最佳輸(shu)(shu)油(you)工(gong)(gong)藝方(fang)案。
(4)管(guan)輸原油(you)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)應符(fu)合(he)國(guo)家現行標準SY/T 7513的規定;管(guan)輸液態(tai)液化石(shi)油(you)氣的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)應符(fu)合(he)現行國(guo)家標準GB 9052.1或GB11174的規定;管(guan)輸其他成品油(you)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)應符(fu)合(he)國(guo)家現行產品標準。
(5)輸油管道系(xi)統(tong)輸送工藝總(zong)流程圖應標注(zhu)首站、中間站、末站的輸油量(liang),進出站壓(ya)力及(ji)(ji)油溫(wen)等主(zhu)要工藝參數。并注(zhu)明(ming)線(xian)路截(jie)斷閥(fa)、大型穿跨越、各站間及(ji)(ji)里程、高(gao)程(注(zhu)明(ming)是否有翻越點)。
(6)輸(shu)油管道系統輸(shu)送工藝設計應包括水(shui)力和(he)熱力計算,并進行穩態(tai)和(he)瞬態(tai)水(shui)力分析(xi),提出(chu)輸(shu)油管道在密閉輸(shu)送中(zhong)瞬變(bian)流動過(guo)程的(de)控(kong)制方法。
(7)輸油管道的設計應符合現(xian)行國家標準GB50253的規定(ding),其(qi)穿跨越(yue)工程設計應符合國家現(xian)行標準 SY/T 0015.1 SY/T 0015.2的有關規定(ding)。
(8)原油管道(dao)(dao)、成品(pin)油管道(dao)(dao)和(he)液(ye)態液(ye)化石油氣(LPG)管道(dao)(dao)系統輸送(song)(song)工(gong)藝的計算(suan)及成品(pin).油順序輸送(song)(song)混油段(duan)長度(du)計算(suan)應按現行國家標(biao)準(zhun)GB 50253有(you)關規定(ding)計算(suan)。埋(mai)地的原油輸送管(guan)道的沿線(xian)溫降應(ying)按現行國家標準GB 50253有關規定(ding)計算。
(9)原(yuan)油管道(dao)輸送要求:
根據被輸送原(yuan)油的(de)物理化學性(xing)質及(ji)其流變性(xing),通過優(you)化比選(xuan),選(xuan)擇(ze)最(zui)佳輸送方式;
加熱輸送(song)的埋地原油管道(dao),優選加熱溫度;管道(dao)是否需保(bao)溫,進行管道(dao)保(bao)溫與(yu)不保(bao)溫的技術(shu)經濟(ji)比較,確定合理方(fang)案。
(10)成(cheng)品油管道輸送要求:
按設計(ji)委托書或(huo)設計(ji)合同(tong)規定的成品(pin)油輸量、品(pin)種與各品(pin)種的比例,以及分輸、輸入(ru)數量,進行(xing)成品(pin)油管道系統輸送工藝設計(ji);
輸送(song)多品種成品油(you)時(shi),宜采用單管順序輸送(song)。油(you)品批(pi)量輸送(song)的排(pai)列(lie)順序,將(jiang)油(you)品性質相近的緊鄰排(pai)列(lie);
成(cheng)品油(you)順(shun)序輸送管(guan)道,在(zai)輸油(you)站間(jian)不宜設置副管(guan);
在順序(xu)輸送(song)高(gao)黏度成品(pin)油(you)(如(ru)重油(you))時宜使用(yong)隔(ge)離裝(zhuang)置;
多品種成(cheng)品油順序輸送(song)管道(dao),采用連續(xu)輸送(song)方式;當采用間歇輸送(song)時,應采取措施以減少(shao)混油量;
采用旁(pang)接(jie)油罐輸送工藝(yi),當(dang)多(duo)種油品順序輸送混油界面(mian)通過(guo)泵站時(shi),應(ying)切換成泵到泵輸送工藝(yi);
根(gen)據油(you)(you)罐區的建設(she)和營運費用(yong)與混油(you)(you)貶值造(zao)成(cheng)的費用(yong)損失兩個方面進(jin)行綜(zong)合(he)比較后,確定(ding)最佳循環次(ci)數。
(11)液(ye)態液(ye)化石油氣(LPG)管(guan)道輸送要求(qiu):
按設計委托書或設計合同規定的液(ye)態(tai)液(ye)化石油(you)氣輸(shu)量、組分與各組分的比例(li),進行液(ye)態(tai)液(ye)化石油(you)氣管道系統輸(shu)送工藝(yi)設計;
液(ye)態液(ye)化(hua)石油氣在(zai)管道中(zhong)輸送(song)時(shi),沿線任何一點(dian)的(de)壓(ya)力都必須高于(yu)輸送(song)溫度(du)下液(ye)化(hua)石油氣的(de)飽(bao)和(he)(he)蒸氣壓(ya)。沿線各(ge)中(zhong)間站的(de)進站壓(ya)力應比(bi)同(tong)溫度(du)下液(ye)化(hua)石油氣的(de)飽(bao)和(he)(he)蒸氣壓(ya)力高1.0MPa,末站進儲(chu)罐前的(de)壓(ya)力應比(bi)同(tong)溫度(du)下液(ye)化(hua)石油氣的(de)飽(bao)和(he)(he)蒸氣壓(ya)力高0.5MPa。
液(ye)態液(ye)化(hua)石油氣(qi)在管(guan)道內的平均流速,應經技術經濟比較后(hou)確定,但要注意因管(guan)內摩阻升溫(wen)而需(xu)另行冷卻的能耗(hao),可取0.8~1.4m/s,但最大不應超過3m/s。