不銹(xiu)鋼管(guan)穿過磁化線圈時(shi)會發生如下兩(liang)種(zhong)電磁感應現象:


 1. 鋼管在橫向漏磁檢測磁化器內運動時,不(bu)銹鋼管切割磁力線而在其內部形成感生渦流。


 2. 不銹鋼管磁(ci)介質在(zai)管頭(tou)進入(ru)磁(ci)化(hua)線(xian)圈(quan)和管尾(wei)離開(kai)磁(ci)化(hua)線(xian)圈(quan)時,由(you)于磁(ci)化(hua)線(xian)圈(quan)的磁(ci)通總(zong)量發生急劇變化(hua),線(xian)圈(quan)中會產生感生電流。


一、鋼管內產生的感(gan)生渦流


  不(bu)銹鋼管橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)缺(que)(que)陷(xian)(xian)漏(lou)磁檢測(ce)方法采用穿過式線圈(quan)產生軸向(xiang)(xiang)磁化場,并在磁化線圈(quan)內布置(zhi)檢測(ce)傳感器。當鋼管沿著軸向(xiang)(xiang)移動時,處于磁化線圈(quan)內的不(bu)銹鋼管段被磁化至近飽和狀態,如存(cun)在缺(que)(que)陷(xian)(xian)將在鋼管表面產生泄漏(lou)磁場,然(ran)后被磁敏(min)感元件拾(shi)取并依次轉換為模擬(ni)信(xin)號(hao)和數字(zi)信(xin)號(hao),最終由計(ji)算機信(xin)號(hao)處理系統實施(shi)報警和分類。


  如圖(tu)5-1所(suo)示(shi),以鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管軸線為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心建(jian)立圓柱坐標系。沿著鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管運動方向(xiang),以磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)線圈(quan)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心將(jiang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管劃(hua)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)進入區和離開(kai)區,在磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)線圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)施加(jia)如圖(tu)所(suo)示(shi)的磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)電流,磁(ci)(ci)力線分(fen)布特(te)征為(wei)(wei):在進入區磁(ci)(ci)力線從空氣中(zhong)(zhong)進入鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管,并在磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)線圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)部匯聚(ju),然后(hou)在離開(kai)區折射入空氣中(zhong)(zhong)。


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  如圖5-1所示,將磁感應強度矢量(liang)B(r,z)分(fen)解為軸(zhou)向(xiang)分(fen)量(liang)和徑向(xiang)分(fen)量(liang),即  B(r,z)=B2(r,z)+B,(r,z)


  從(cong)圖5-1中可以看出,軸向(xiang)分(fen)量(liang)B2(r,z)在進(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)區(qu)和離開區(qu)方向(xiang)一致,沿著鋼管(guan)前進(jin)方向(xiang),其強度在進(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)區(qu)逐(zhu)漸增大(da),并在磁(ci)化(hua)線圈中部達到極大(da)值,之后在離開區(qu)逐(zhu)漸減小。徑向(xiang)分(fen)量(liang)B,(r,z)在進(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)區(qu)方向(xiang)指向(xiang)鋼管(guan)內部,并在磁(ci)化(hua)線圈中部發生轉變,在離開區(qu)方向(xiang)指向(xiang)鋼管(guan)外部。


  為(wei)(wei)了研究與(yu)鋼管同軸(zhou)圓(yuan)環(huan)(huan)l(ro ,zo)的渦流分(fen)布,設(she)圓(yuan)環(huan)(huan)半徑為(wei)(wei)ro,軸(zhou)向位(wei)置為(wei)(wei)200根(gen)據楞次(ci)定律,當圓(yuan)環(huan)(huan)移動時,軸(zhou)向分(fen)量B,(r,z)的強度變(bian)化導致圓(yuan)環(huan)(huan)磁(ci)通量也發生(sheng)改(gai)變(bian),從而在(zai)圓(yuan)環(huan)(huan)中產生(sheng)感生(sheng)電(dian)動勢。因磁(ci)化場(chang)為(wei)(wei)軸(zhou)對稱(cheng),建立圓(yuan)環(huan)(huan)感應(ying)電(dian)動勢方(fang)程為(wei)(wei)


  根據式(5-3),沿(yan)鋼(gang)管前進方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),在進入區(qu),軸向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)量強(qiang)度(du)逐漸增(zeng)強(qiang),感(gan)生(sheng)渦(wo)流方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與原磁化電流方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)反;在磁化線(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)位置,由于(yu)(yu)軸向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)量變(bian)化率為(wei)零,故此(ci)部位無感(gan)生(sheng)流產生(sheng);在離開區(qu),軸向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)量強(qiang)度(du)由中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)最大值逐漸減小,于(yu)(yu)是形成與原磁化電流方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)同的感(gan)生(sheng)渦(wo)流,最終鋼(gang)管中(zhong)(zhong)感(gan)生(sheng)渦(wo)流分(fen)布(bu)如圖(tu)5-2a所(suo)示(shi)。如果改變(bian)磁化電流方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),根據式(5-3),同樣可得出鋼(gang)管內感(gan)生(sheng)渦(wo)流分(fen)布(bu),如圖(tu)5-2b所(suo)示(shi)。


  從(cong)(cong)圖5-2中(zhong)(zhong)可以看出,鋼(gang)管中(zhong)(zhong)感生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流分布方向由(you)磁(ci)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流方向和鋼(gang)管運動方向共同(tong)決定。在(zai)進入區(qu),鋼(gang)管中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)感生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)渦(wo)流J1與磁(ci)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流方向相反;在(zai)磁(ci)化(hua)線圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)位(wei)置無感生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)渦(wo)流產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);在(zai)離(li)開區(qu),感生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)渦(wo)流J2與磁(ci)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流方向相同(tong)。從(cong)(cong)而,在(zai)感生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)渦(wo)流產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)磁(ci)場作用下,鋼(gang)管的(de)磁(ci)化(hua)狀態將發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)變化(hua)。


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  建(jian)立如(ru)圖5-3所示(shi)的仿真模(mo)型(xing)。鋼管直(zhi)徑(jing)為400mm、壁厚(hou)為15mm、長度(du)為3000mm,材質為25鋼(電導率為)。磁化線(xian)圈內徑(jing)為440mm、外徑(jing)為750mm、厚(hou)度(du)為160mm,磁化電流密度(du)iA/㎡,電流方向如(ru)圖5-3所示(shi)。


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  對不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管中的(de)(de)感生(sheng)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)流分(fen)布(bu)(bu)進(jin)行(xing)仿真研究。磁(ci)化線(xian)圈(quan)固定不動,鋼(gang)管運行(xing)速度設置為1m/s,不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管從左端進(jin)人(ren)并(bing)向(xiang)(xiang)右端移(yi)動,當鋼(gang)管中心(xin)(xin)與磁(ci)化線(xian)圈(quan)中心(xin)(xin)重合(he)時獲取感生(sheng)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)流分(fen)布(bu)(bu)云圖,如圖5-4所(suo)(suo)示(shi)。從圖中可以看出,進(jin)入(ru)區的(de)(de)感生(sheng)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)流方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)與磁(ci)化電流方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)相反,離開區的(de)(de)感生(sheng)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)流方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)與磁(ci)化電流方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)相同(tong),在線(xian)圈(quan)中部感生(sheng)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)流幾乎為零。進(jin)入(ru)區和(he)離開區的(de)(de)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)流分(fen)布(bu)(bu)相對于線(xian)圈(quan)呈對稱(cheng)分(fen)布(bu)(bu),方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)相反,強度基本相同(tong),仿真結果與圖5-2所(suo)(suo)示(shi)的(de)(de)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)流分(fen)布(bu)(bu)理論(lun)分(fen)析結論(lun)相同(tong),其中感生(sheng)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)流最大(da)值為1.4×105A/㎡。


  為了研(yan)究感(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)渦(wo)流(liu)與(yu)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)速度的(de)(de)關系(xi),分別取(qu)速度0.1m/s、1m/s、2m/s、5m/s、8m/s、10m/s、20m/s、30m/s、40m/s和50m/s進行(xing)(xing)仿真。當鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)中(zhong)部(bu)與(yu)磁化線圈重合時(shi)提取(qu)渦(wo)流(liu)密(mi)度最(zui)大(da)值和最(zui)小(xiao)值,繪制成如圖5-5所(suo)示(shi)的(de)(de)渦(wo)流(liu)密(mi)度與(yu)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)速度關系(xi)曲(qu)線。從圖中(zhong)可(ke)以看(kan)出,感(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)渦(wo)流(liu)與(yu)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)速度成近似正比關系(xi)。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)低速運(yun)動時(shi)感(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)渦(wo)流(liu)很小(xiao),可(ke)忽略不計(ji);當運(yun)行(xing)(xing)速度增至50m/s時(shi),渦(wo)流(liu)密(mi)度為2。此(ci)時(shi),感(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)渦(wo)流(liu)已接近傳導電流(liu)密(mi)度。因(yin)此(ci),高速運(yun)動時(shi),感(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)渦(wo)流(liu)對鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)漏(lou)磁檢測(ce)的(de)(de)影響不可(ke)忽視。


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二、磁化線圈中產生(sheng)的感生(sheng)電流


  當不銹鋼管端部(bu)進(jin)入和(he)離開磁化(hua)(hua)線(xian)圈時(shi),線(xian)圈中(zhong)的(de)(de)磁通量發(fa)生(sheng)變化(hua)(hua)而產(chan)生(sheng)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。設磁化(hua)(hua)電(dian)源(yuan)提(ti)供的(de)(de)電(dian)壓為(wei)(wei)Uo,磁化(hua)(hua)線(xian)圈電(dian)阻為(wei)(wei)R,則磁化(hua)(hua)電(dian)源(yuan)在線(xian)圈中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)初(chu)始傳導電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)Io=Uo/RR。磁化(hua)(hua)線(xian)圈通過(guo)的(de)(de)磁通總(zong)量為(wei)(wei)Φ,當磁化(hua)(hua)線(xian)圈中(zhong)磁通總(zong)量發(fa)生(sheng)變化(hua)(hua)時(shi),根據楞(leng)次定(ding)律,線(xian)圈中(zhong)將產(chan)生(sheng)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)電(dian)動勢,對(dui)應(ying)的(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)磁化(hua)(hua)線(xian)圈中(zhong)通過(guo)的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)I為(wei)(wei)初(chu)始傳導電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)之和(he),即


  當線(xian)圈(quan)中沒(mei)有鋼管時(shi),磁(ci)化(hua)線(xian)圈(quan)磁(ci)通總量(liang)為(wei)線(xian)圈(quan)自身(shen)產生的(de)靜(jing)態磁(ci)通量(liang),其(qi)與磁(ci)化(hua)電流(liu)(liu)強度成(cheng)正比,當磁(ci)化(hua)電流(liu)(liu)不變(bian)(bian)時(shi),線(xian)圈(quan)磁(ci)通總量(liang)也不發生變(bian)(bian)化(hua)。此時(shi)線(xian)圈(quan)中通過(guo)的(de)電流(liu)(liu)為(wei)磁(ci)化(hua)電源(yuan)產生的(de)初始磁(ci)化(hua)傳導電流(liu)(liu)


  當管(guan)頭進入(ru)磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)線(xian)(xian)圈時(shi)(shi),具有(you)高(gao)磁(ci)(ci)導率的鋼(gang)管(guan)磁(ci)(ci)介(jie)質進入(ru)磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)線(xian)(xian)圈內(nei)部,使(shi)得線(xian)(xian)圈內(nei)部的磁(ci)(ci)通總量增大。根(gen)據式(5-4),磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)線(xian)(xian)圈中會產生(sheng)與初始(shi)磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)傳導電流(liu)方向相反的感生(sheng)電流(liu),此時(shi)(shi)線(xian)(xian)圈中通過的電流(liu)為,如圖5-6a所示。


  當管體通(tong)過磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)時,線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)內(nei)部磁(ci)(ci)(ci)介質總量及分布(bu)特性基本不變,從而線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)內(nei)部的(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)總量也(ye)保持(chi)恒定(ding)。根據式(5-4),磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)基本無感生電(dian)(dian)流(liu)產生,此時,磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)通(tong)過的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)與無鋼管時相(xiang)同(tong),為(wei)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)源產生的(de)初始磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)傳導電(dian)(dian)流(liu)1=,如(ru)圖5-6b所示。


  當管尾離(li)開磁(ci)化(hua)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)時(shi),由于(yu)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)內部(bu)的(de)高(gao)磁(ci)導(dao)率磁(ci)介質(zhi)不斷減(jian)少(shao),導(dao)致磁(ci)化(hua)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)磁(ci)通總量也不斷減(jian)少(shao)。根據(ju)式(shi)(5-4),磁(ci)化(hua)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中會產(chan)生(sheng)與初始磁(ci)化(hua)傳導(dao)電(dian)流方向(xiang)相同(tong)的(de)感(gan)生(sheng)電(dian)流,此時(shi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中通過的(de)電(dian)流為,如圖5-6c所(suo)示(shi)。


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  不銹鋼(gang)管(guan)內的(de)磁(ci)場(chang)包(bao)(bao)括:磁(ci)化線圈(quan)通(tong)過電流(liu)(liu)I產(chan)生的(de)磁(ci)場(chang)和鋼(gang)管(guan)中感生渦流(liu)(liu)J形成的(de)磁(ci)場(chang)。磁(ci)化線圈(quan)的(de)磁(ci)通(tong)總量(liang)(liang)包(bao)(bao)含(han)了由感生渦流(liu)(liu)J產(chan)生的(de)部分(fen)磁(ci)通(tong)量(liang)(liang),因此鋼(gang)管(guan)中的(de)渦流(liu)(liu)效應會(hui)對磁(ci)化線圈(quan)中的(de)感生電流(liu)(liu)產(chan)生一定影響。


  采用如圖(tu)(tu)5-3所(suo)示(shi)模型,進一步研究磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)線(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)感(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)變化(hua)(hua)規律。其中(zhong),線(xian)圈(quan)匝(za)(za)數為600匝(za)(za),磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)流(liu)為5A。當(dang)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)頭、管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)尾(wei)分(fen)別(bie)與(yu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)線(xian)圈(quan)耦(ou)合時(shi)提取磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)線(xian)圈(quan)內部產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)感(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu),如圖(tu)(tu)5-7所(suo)示(shi)。仿真分(fen)兩(liang)種:一是考(kao)慮(lv)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)流(liu)效應時(shi)分(fen)析線(xian)圈(quan)感(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)與(yu)運動速(su)度(du)(du)的(de)關(guan)(guan)系,二是忽(hu)略(lve)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)流(liu)效應而(er)單獨(du)分(fen)析線(xian)圈(quan)感(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)與(yu)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)運動速(su)度(du)(du)關(guan)(guan)系。分(fen)別(bie)取速(su)度(du)(du)0.1m/s、1m/s、2m/s、5m/s、8m/s、10m/s、20m/s、30m/s、40m/和(he)(he)50m/s進行仿真,獲得如圖(tu)(tu)5-8所(suo)示(shi)的(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)線(xian)圈(quan)感(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)與(yu)運動速(su)度(du)(du)關(guan)(guan)系曲線(xian)。其中(zhong)I1csI2cs和(he)(he)I3cs分(fen)別(bie)為考(kao)慮(lv)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)流(liu)效應時(shi)在管(guan)(guan)(guan)頭、管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)尾(wei)處(chu)線(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)感(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu),11cI2c和(he)(he)I3c分(fen)別(bie)為忽(hu)略(lve)不銹鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)流(liu)效應時(shi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)線(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)感(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)。


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  圖(tu)5-8所(suo)示的(de)(de)(de)(de)仿真結果與圖(tu)5-6所(suo)示的(de)(de)(de)(de)理論分析結論相同:當管(guan)(guan)(guan)頭進入磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)時,線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)幅值為負(fu),即與磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)方向相反;當管(guan)(guan)(guan)體通(tong)過磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)時,線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)本無感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);隨著(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)尾離開磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),此時線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)方向相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。根據楞次定律(lv),線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)會(hui)阻(zu)礙線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua):當管(guan)(guan)(guan)頭進入磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)時,線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)反向感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)來阻(zu)礙磁(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增大;當管(guan)(guan)(guan)體與磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)耦合時,由于線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)基(ji)本不變(bian)而無感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);當管(guan)(guan)(guan)尾離開磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)時,線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)同向感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)來阻(zu)礙磁(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)減(jian)小。


  另(ling)外(wai),從圖(tu)5-8中可以看出,在運行速(su)度(du)(du)較低時,磁化(hua)線圈中感生(sheng)(sheng)電流隨著速(su)度(du)(du)的(de)增加而(er)快速(su)上升;當速(su)度(du)(du)達到一定幅值(zhi)時,磁化(hua)線圈中的(de)感生(sheng)(sheng)電流基本(ben)保(bao)持不變。因為感生(sheng)(sheng)電流只能減緩(huan)磁化(hua)線圈磁通(tong)量的(de)變化(hua)速(su)度(du)(du),而(er)不能改變磁通(tong)量的(de)變化(hua)趨勢(shi)。


  從圖5-8中還可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出,鋼管中的渦流會削弱磁化線圈中產(chan)生的感生電(dian)流,根據(ju)楞次定律(lv),鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)渦(wo)(wo)流(liu)同樣會阻(zu)礙鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)中(zhong)磁(ci)通量的(de)(de)變化(hua)。當不銹鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)進入(ru)和離開磁(ci)化(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)時(shi),鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)磁(ci)通量變化(hua)規律(lv)同樣先增(zeng)大(da)后(hou)減小。由(you)于磁(ci)化(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)磁(ci)通總量包含了不銹鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)磁(ci)通量,所以(yi),感生渦(wo)(wo)流(liu)在阻(zu)礙鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)磁(ci)通量變化(hua)的(de)(de)同時(shi)也阻(zu)礙了線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)磁(ci)通量的(de)(de)變化(hua)速率,最終削(xue)弱了線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)感生電(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)強度。





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