電解液的加熱是以直流電為電源在電解液中進行的,適用于表面加熱淬火的電解液很多,一般采用質量分數為8%~10%的Na2CO3水溶液。


  電解(jie)液表面淬(cui)火(huo)原理(li)是將工(gong)件(jian)(jian)置(zhi)于電解(jie)液中(局部或全(quan)部)作為(wei)陰極(ji)(ji),金屬電解(jie)槽作為(wei)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)。電路(lu)接通(tong)(tong)后,電解(jie)液發生(sheng)電離(li),在陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)放出(chu)氧,在陰極(ji)(ji)上(shang)放出(chu)氫。氫圍繞工(gong)件(jian)(jian)形(xing)成(cheng)氣膜,產生(sheng)很大的(de)電阻,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)的(de)電流轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)熱(re)能將工(gong)件(jian)(jian)表面迅速加(jia)(jia)熱(re)到(dao)臨界(jie)點以上(shang)溫度(du)。電路(lu)斷開(kai)氣膜消失,加(jia)(jia)熱(re)的(de)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)在電解(jie)液中即實現(xian)淬(cui)火(huo)冷卻。此方法(fa)所(suo)用(yong)設備(bei)簡單,淬(cui)火(huo)變形(xing)小,適用(yong)于形(xing)狀(zhuang)簡單、小工(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)批量生(sheng)產。


  電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)溫度(du)(du)不能(neng)超過(guo)(guo)60℃。溫度(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)高,氫氣膜不穩定(ding),影響加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng),還(huan)會加(jia)(jia)速溶液(ye)的蒸發。常用電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為160~180V,最高不超過(guo)(guo)260V,電(dian)(dian)流(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)的范圍是4~10A/c㎡,通常可(ke)選用6A/c㎡。電(dian)(dian)流(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)大時(shi),加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)速度(du)(du)快(kuai),淬硬層薄。在加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),應將(jiang)工件(jian)的位置(zhi)加(jia)(jia)以固定(ding),否則會造成電(dian)(dian)流(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)的變化(hua),使淬硬層質量惡化(hua)。加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)時(shi)間可(ke)通過(guo)(guo)試驗確定(ding)。工件(jian)在電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)中(zhong)可(ke)采用端(duan)部(bu)自由(you)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)、端(duan)部(bu)絕緣加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)、回轉加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)和連續加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)等方式。






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