鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)極惰(duo)(duo)性氣(qi)體保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(tungsten inert gas welding,TIG),從屬于GTAW中的(de)非熔化(hua)(hua)極惰(duo)(duo)性氣(qi)體保(bao)(bao)護焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han),焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)時鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)極只起導(dao)電(dian)(dian)作用,不(bu)作填(tian)充金(jin)屬(不(bu)熔化(hua)(hua)),如圖4-30所示。根據保(bao)(bao)護氣(qi)體的(de)不(bu)同(tong),分為鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)極氬弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)和鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)極氦(hai)弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)。焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)時,惰(duo)(duo)性氣(qi)體氬氣(qi)或氦(hai)氣(qi)(Ar或He)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)槍或其他裝置加(jia)入(ru)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)區(或待焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)區),鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)極與(yu)被(bei)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工件(jian)之間通(tong)電(dian)(dian)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)弧(hu),電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)在(zai)惰(duo)(duo)性氣(qi)體的(de)氣(qi)氛中燃(ran)燒。氬氣(qi)或氦(hai)氣(qi)(Ar或He)在(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)過(guo)(guo)程中與(yu)鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)極、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)件(jian)、填(tian)充焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)絲不(bu)發生任何化(hua)(hua)學、冶(ye)金(jin)作用、惰(duo)(duo)性氣(qi)體保(bao)(bao)護焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)顯著特點是電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)燃(ran)燒穩定,能有(you)效地隔絕周圍空氣(qi),使熔池、填(tian)充絲不(bu)被(bei)氧化(hua)(hua)和氮化(hua)(hua),因而能獲得(de)高質(zhi)量焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫,且能進行全位置焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)。但(dan)鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)極所通(tong)過(guo)(guo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流密度(du)受到限制,若(ruo)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)流密度(du)太(tai)大(da),鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)極會燒損(sun),使焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫金(jin)屬產(chan)生夾鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)缺欠。由(you)于鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)極氬弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)能量密度(du)低,也不(bu)能獲得(de)較大(da)的(de)熔深(shen)和較高的(de)生產(chan)率。采(cai)用鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)極氦(hai)弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)時,使用與(yu)鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)極氬弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)同(tong)樣的(de)電(dian)(dian)流密度(du),鎢極氦弧焊的電弧電壓較高,電弧熱功率高。氦氣作為熱能的載體,它的熱傳導能比氬氣約大9倍。這樣,就有大量的熱能輸送到焊接熔池中去,從而獲得較大的熔深和得到較高的生產率。但是氦氣來源較為困難,價格比氬氣高20~30倍、同時氦氣的密度比氬氣小,要達到同樣的保護效果,氦氣的消耗量高出很多,所以氨弧焊成本很高。焊接薄的和中等厚度的奧氏體型不銹鋼板一般極少采用,只有在焊接關鍵焊件時才使用氦弧焊。


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  鎢(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)氬弧(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)時,母(mu)材金屬加熱(re)(re)特(te)點(主(zhu)要(yao)指能量密(mi)度和熱(re)(re)功率大小)介于(yu)氣(qi)焊(han)(han)和焊(han)(han)條電(dian)弧(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)之間,在(zai)(zai)很小的(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)接電(dian)流(≤10A)下,電(dian)弧(hu)(hu)仍(reng)可穩(wen)定燃燒(shao),特(te)別(bie)適(shi)于(yu)焊(han)(han)接薄件或超薄件奧(ao)氏體型不(bu)銹鋼的(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)接構件。鎢(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)氬弧(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)時能清(qing)(qing)晰地(di)觀(guan)察到焊(han)(han)接熔池和熔透情(qing)況、因(yin)此,在(zai)(zai)要(yao)求(qiu)保證焊(han)(han)透及(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)背(bei)面(mian)成(cheng)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下,單(dan)面(mian)焊(han)(han)采用內壁(或背(bei)面(mian))通(tong)氬氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)鎢(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)氬弧(hu)(hu)打底焊(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)方法,在(zai)(zai)國內外已得到普遍(bian)應用。鎢(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)氬弧(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)采用的(de)(de)(de)填充(chong)絲為裸焊(han)(han)絲,在(zai)(zai)施(shi)焊(han)(han)過程中(zhong),不(bu)會(hui)產生(sheng)飛濺、焊(han)(han)縫成(cheng)形(xing)美觀(guan),焊(han)(han)縫上不(bu)存在(zai)(zai)渣殼,焊(han)(han)后不(bu)需清(qing)(qing)理。


  鎢極氬弧焊電弧的熱功率低,焊接速度相對其他電弧焊而言比較小,由于奧氏體不銹鋼管(guan)導熱能力較差,如鎢極氬弧焊的焊接速度很慢時、會導致焊接接頭冷卻速度緩慢,在400~800℃的危險溫度區間停留時間較長,會影響焊接接頭耐腐蝕能力(包括晶間腐蝕和均勻腐蝕)。







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