靜(jing)電(dian)是(shi)指工業靜(jing)電(dian)，即在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產、儲運過程中(zhong)在(zai)物料、裝置、人體、器材和構筑物上產生(sheng)(sheng)和積累起來(lai)的靜(jing)電(dian)。

  兩種不同(tong)性(xing)質的物體(ti)相互摩擦(ca)，緊密接觸或(huo)迅速(su)剝離(li)都會(hui)(hui)產生靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，其(qi)是一(yi)個(ge)物體(ti)失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶(dai)有(you)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)物體(ti)得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。如果(guo)該物體(ti)與大地絕緣，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷無法泄漏(lou)，停留在(zai)物體(ti)的內部或(huo)表面而呈相對靜(jing)(jing)(jing)止狀態，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷就稱靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。可燃化工物料、油品等在(zai)收發、輸轉、灌裝過程中，物料分子(zi)之間和其(qi)他物質之間的摩擦(ca)，會(hui)(hui)產生靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨著摩擦(ca)的加劇而增大，如不及時導除，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓增高到一(yi)定程度時，就會(hui)(hui)在(zai)兩帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)之間閃火(huo)（即靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)）而引起油品爆(bao)炸著火(huo)。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越高越容易放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)壓(ya)的高低或靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)電(dian)荷(he)量大小主要與下列因(yin)素有關(guan)：管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內介質流(liu)速(su)越(yue)(yue)(yue)快，摩(mo)擦越(yue)(yue)(yue)劇烈，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高；空氣(qi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)干燥，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)容易(yi)從空氣(qi)中消除，電(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)容易(yi)升(sheng)高；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內壁越(yue)(yue)(yue)粗糙，油(you)品(pin)流(liu)經的彎頭(tou)閥門越(yue)(yue)(yue)多，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高；油(you)品(pin)含水時，比不(bu)含水分產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的電(dian)壓(ya)高幾(ji)(ji)倍(bei)到幾(ji)(ji)十倍(bei)；非金屬管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，如橡膠、塑料等管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)比金屬管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)更(geng)容易(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)上(shang)濾(lv)網其柵(zha)網越(yue)(yue)(yue)密，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高。綢氈(zhan)過濾(lv)網產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)更(geng)高；空氣(qi)的溫度較高（22～40℃），空氣(qi)的相對濕(shi)度在13％～24％時，極易(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)；在相同條件下，輕質燃料油(you)比潤滑油(you)易(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)。

  靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的危害有三種：一是(shi)可(ke)能引(yin)起(qi)爆炸(zha)和火(huo)災(zai)，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的能量(liang)雖然不大(da)，但(dan)因其電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)很高且易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)出現靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)花；二是(shi)可(ke)能產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊雖然不會致(zhi)人死亡，但(dan)是(shi)往往會導致(zhi)二次(ci)事故，因此也要加以防范；三是(shi)可(ke)能影響生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，在生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有可(ke)能會影響儀器(qi)設備的正常運行(xing)或降低產(chan)品(pin)的質量(liang)。此外，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)還會引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子自動元(yuan)件的誤(wu)操作(zuo)。