靜電(dian)是(shi)指(zhi)工業靜電(dian)，即在生產、儲運過程中在物料、裝置、人體、器材和構筑物上(shang)產生和積累起來的(de)靜電(dian)。

  兩種(zhong)不同性質的物體相互(hu)摩擦，緊密接觸或迅速剝離都(dou)會產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其(qi)是一(yi)個物體失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子帶有正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，另一(yi)個物體得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子帶負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。如果該物體與大(da)地絕緣，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷無法泄漏，停留在(zai)物體的內部或表面而(er)呈(cheng)相對靜(jing)(jing)(jing)止狀態，這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷就稱靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。可燃化工物料、油品(pin)等在(zai)收發、輸轉、灌裝過(guo)程(cheng)中，物料分子之(zhi)間(jian)和(he)其(qi)他物質之(zhi)間(jian)的摩擦，會產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨著摩擦的加劇而(er)增(zeng)大(da)，如不及時導除，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓增(zeng)高到一(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度時，就會在(zai)兩帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體之(zhi)間(jian)閃火（即(ji)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）而(er)引起(qi)油品(pin)爆炸著火。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越高越容易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)低(di)或靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量大小主要與下(xia)列因素(su)有(you)關：管(guan)道(dao)(dao)內(nei)介質流(liu)速越(yue)快，摩擦越(yue)劇(ju)烈，產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)高(gao)(gao)；空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)越(yue)干(gan)燥，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)不容易(yi)從空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中消(xiao)除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)容易(yi)升高(gao)(gao)；管(guan)道(dao)(dao)內(nei)壁越(yue)粗糙，油品流(liu)經的(de)(de)彎頭閥門越(yue)多，產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)高(gao)(gao)；油品含水時，比(bi)不含水分產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高(gao)(gao)幾(ji)倍(bei)到幾(ji)十倍(bei)；非金屬(shu)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)，如橡膠(jiao)、塑料等管(guan)道(dao)(dao)比(bi)金屬(shu)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)更容易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)道(dao)(dao)上濾(lv)網(wang)其柵網(wang)越(yue)密(mi)，產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)高(gao)(gao)。綢氈過濾(lv)網(wang)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓更高(gao)(gao)；空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)溫度較高(gao)(gao)（22～40℃），空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)相對濕度在13％～24％時，極(ji)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；在相同條件下(xia)，輕質燃料油比(bi)潤滑油易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜電(dian)(dian)的(de)危害有三(san)種：一是(shi)(shi)可能(neng)引起爆炸和火(huo)災，靜電(dian)(dian)的(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)雖然不大，但因其電(dian)(dian)壓很高且易放(fang)電(dian)(dian)出現(xian)靜電(dian)(dian)火(huo)花；二是(shi)(shi)可能(neng)產生電(dian)(dian)擊，靜電(dian)(dian)產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)擊雖然不會(hui)致人死亡，但是(shi)(shi)往往會(hui)導(dao)致二次(ci)事故，因此(ci)也要加以防范；三(san)是(shi)(shi)可能(neng)影響(xiang)生產，在生產中，靜電(dian)(dian)有可能(neng)會(hui)影響(xiang)儀器設備的(de)正常(chang)運行或(huo)降低產品的(de)質量(liang)(liang)。此(ci)外，靜電(dian)(dian)還會(hui)引起電(dian)(dian)子自(zi)動(dong)元件的(de)誤(wu)操作。