靜電是指工業靜電，即在(zai)生產、儲(chu)運(yun)過程中(zhong)在(zai)物料、裝置(zhi)、人體、器材和構筑物上產生和積累起(qi)來的靜電。

  兩種不同性質的(de)物(wu)(wu)體相(xiang)互摩(mo)擦(ca)，緊密接觸(chu)或(huo)迅(xun)速剝離都(dou)會產生靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其(qi)(qi)是一個(ge)物(wu)(wu)體失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子帶(dai)有正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，另一個(ge)物(wu)(wu)體得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。如果(guo)該物(wu)(wu)體與大地絕緣，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)無法泄漏，停留在物(wu)(wu)體的(de)內部(bu)或(huo)表面而呈相(xiang)對靜(jing)止狀態(tai)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)就稱靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。可(ke)燃化工物(wu)(wu)料、油(you)品等在收發、輸(shu)轉、灌(guan)裝(zhuang)過(guo)程(cheng)中，物(wu)(wu)料分子之間(jian)和其(qi)(qi)他物(wu)(wu)質之間(jian)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)，會產生靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨(sui)著(zhu)摩(mo)擦(ca)的(de)加劇(ju)而增大，如不及(ji)時(shi)導除，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓增高(gao)到(dao)一定程(cheng)度(du)時(shi)，就會在兩帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體之間(jian)閃火（即靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）而引起油(you)品爆炸(zha)著(zhu)火。靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越高(gao)越容易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)低或靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)荷量大小主要與(yu)下(xia)列(lie)因(yin)素有關：管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內介質流速越(yue)快，摩擦(ca)越(yue)劇烈，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)；空(kong)(kong)氣越(yue)干燥，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)越(yue)不容易(yi)(yi)從空(kong)(kong)氣中消除，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)容易(yi)(yi)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內壁越(yue)粗糙，油品流經的(de)彎頭(tou)閥門越(yue)多，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)；油品含水時，比不含水分產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)幾(ji)倍(bei)到幾(ji)十倍(bei)；非(fei)金屬管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，如橡膠、塑料(liao)等管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)比金屬管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)更容易(yi)(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)上濾(lv)(lv)網其柵網越(yue)密，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。綢(chou)氈過濾(lv)(lv)網產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)更高(gao)(gao)(gao)；空(kong)(kong)氣的(de)溫(wen)度較高(gao)(gao)(gao)（22～40℃），空(kong)(kong)氣的(de)相對濕度在(zai)13％～24％時，極易(yi)(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)；在(zai)相同條件下(xia)，輕質燃料(liao)油比潤(run)滑油易(yi)(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)。

  靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)的危害有(you)三種：一(yi)是(shi)可(ke)能(neng)引(yin)起爆炸和火災(zai)，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)的能(neng)量雖然不大(da)，但因其(qi)電(dian)壓很(hen)高且(qie)易(yi)放電(dian)出現(xian)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)火花；二是(shi)可(ke)能(neng)產(chan)生電(dian)擊，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)產(chan)生的電(dian)擊雖然不會(hui)致人死亡，但是(shi)往往會(hui)導致二次事故，因此(ci)也要(yao)加以(yi)防范；三是(shi)可(ke)能(neng)影響生產(chan)，在生產(chan)中(zhong)，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)影響儀器設(she)備的正常運行(xing)或降低產(chan)品(pin)的質量。此(ci)外，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)還會(hui)引(yin)起電(dian)子自動元件的誤操作。