靜(jing)電(dian)是指(zhi)工業靜(jing)電(dian)，即在生產(chan)、儲運(yun)過程中在物料、裝置、人體、器材和構筑物上產(chan)生和積累起來的(de)靜(jing)電(dian)。

  兩種(zhong)不同性質(zhi)的(de)物體(ti)相互(hu)摩擦，緊密接觸或迅(xun)速(su)剝離都(dou)會產生靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其是一個物體(ti)失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶(dai)有(you)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，另一個物體(ti)得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)該物體(ti)與大地(di)絕緣，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)無法泄漏，停留在物體(ti)的(de)內(nei)部或表面而呈相對靜(jing)止狀態，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)就(jiu)稱靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。可燃化工物料、油品(pin)等(deng)在收發、輸(shu)轉、灌裝(zhuang)過程中，物料分子(zi)之(zhi)間(jian)和其他物質(zhi)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)摩擦，會產生靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)隨(sui)著摩擦的(de)加(jia)劇而增大，如(ru)(ru)不及時導除，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)增高(gao)到一定程度時，就(jiu)會在兩帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)之(zhi)間(jian)閃火（即(ji)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）而引起油品(pin)爆炸著火。靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)高(gao)越(yue)容(rong)易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的高(gao)(gao)低或靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量大小主要(yao)與下(xia)列因(yin)素有關(guan)：管(guan)道(dao)內(nei)介質流速越(yue)(yue)(yue)快，摩擦越(yue)(yue)(yue)劇(ju)烈(lie)，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)；空(kong)氣(qi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)干燥(zao)，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)不容易從空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)消除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)容易升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)；管(guan)道(dao)內(nei)壁越(yue)(yue)(yue)粗糙，油品(pin)(pin)流經(jing)的彎(wan)頭閥門越(yue)(yue)(yue)多，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)；油品(pin)(pin)含水時(shi)，比不含水分(fen)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)幾(ji)倍到幾(ji)十倍；非金屬管(guan)道(dao)，如橡膠(jiao)、塑料等管(guan)道(dao)比金屬管(guan)道(dao)更容易產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)道(dao)上濾網(wang)其柵網(wang)越(yue)(yue)(yue)密，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)。綢(chou)氈過濾網(wang)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)更高(gao)(gao)；空(kong)氣(qi)的溫度較高(gao)(gao)（22～40℃），空(kong)氣(qi)的相對濕度在(zai)13％～24％時(shi)，極(ji)易產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；在(zai)相同條件(jian)下(xia)，輕質燃料油比潤滑油易產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)危害有三(san)種(zhong)：一(yi)是(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)引(yin)起爆炸和(he)火災，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)能(neng)(neng)量雖然不(bu)大，但(dan)因(yin)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)很高且(qie)易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出現靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花；二(er)是(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊雖然不(bu)會(hui)致(zhi)人死亡，但(dan)是(shi)往往會(hui)導致(zhi)二(er)次事故，因(yin)此也要(yao)加(jia)以(yi)防范；三(san)是(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)影(ying)響生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，在生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)會(hui)影(ying)響儀(yi)器設備的(de)正常運行或降(jiang)低產(chan)品的(de)質量。此外，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還會(hui)引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子自動元件(jian)的(de)誤(wu)操(cao)作。