靜電(dian)是指工業靜電(dian)，即(ji)在(zai)(zai)生產(chan)、儲運過程中在(zai)(zai)物料(liao)、裝置、人體(ti)、器材和構筑物上產(chan)生和積累(lei)起來(lai)的靜電(dian)。

  兩種不同性質的物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)相(xiang)互(hu)摩擦，緊(jin)密(mi)接觸或迅速剝離都會產(chan)生靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)，其(qi)是(shi)一個(ge)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)失(shi)去電(dian)(dian)子帶有正電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)，另一個(ge)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)子帶負電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)該物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)與大地絕緣，則電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)無法泄漏，停留在物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)的內部(bu)或表面而(er)呈(cheng)相(xiang)對靜(jing)(jing)(jing)止狀態(tai)，這種電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)就(jiu)稱靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)。可(ke)燃化工物(wu)(wu)(wu)料、油(you)品(pin)等在收(shou)發、輸轉、灌裝(zhuang)過程中，物(wu)(wu)(wu)料分子之(zhi)間和其(qi)他物(wu)(wu)(wu)質之(zhi)間的摩擦，會產(chan)生靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)壓隨著摩擦的加(jia)劇而(er)增大，如(ru)(ru)不及(ji)時(shi)導除(chu)，當電(dian)(dian)壓增高到(dao)一定程度時(shi)，就(jiu)會在兩帶電(dian)(dian)體(ti)之(zhi)間閃(shan)火(huo)（即靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)）而(er)引(yin)起油(you)品(pin)爆炸著火(huo)。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)高越(yue)容易放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)高(gao)低或(huo)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量大小(xiao)主要與下列因素有關：管(guan)道(dao)內介質(zhi)流(liu)速(su)越(yue)(yue)(yue)快，摩擦越(yue)(yue)(yue)劇烈，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)；空氣越(yue)(yue)(yue)干(gan)燥，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)容易從空氣中消除(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)(yue)(yue)容易升高(gao)；管(guan)道(dao)內壁越(yue)(yue)(yue)粗糙，油(you)(you)品(pin)流(liu)經(jing)的(de)(de)彎頭(tou)閥門越(yue)(yue)(yue)多，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)；油(you)(you)品(pin)含水時，比不(bu)含水分產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高(gao)幾倍(bei)到幾十(shi)倍(bei)；非金屬管(guan)道(dao)，如橡(xiang)膠(jiao)、塑料等管(guan)道(dao)比金屬管(guan)道(dao)更容易產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)道(dao)上(shang)濾網(wang)(wang)其柵網(wang)(wang)越(yue)(yue)(yue)密，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)。綢氈(zhan)過(guo)濾網(wang)(wang)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓更高(gao)；空氣的(de)(de)溫度較高(gao)（22～40℃），空氣的(de)(de)相(xiang)對濕度在13％～24％時，極(ji)易產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；在相(xiang)同條件下，輕質(zhi)燃料油(you)(you)比潤滑油(you)(you)易產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜電(dian)(dian)的(de)危害(hai)有三(san)種(zhong)：一(yi)是(shi)可能(neng)引起爆炸(zha)和火(huo)災，靜電(dian)(dian)的(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)雖然(ran)不大，但因(yin)其電(dian)(dian)壓很高且易(yi)放電(dian)(dian)出(chu)現(xian)靜電(dian)(dian)火(huo)花；二(er)是(shi)可能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)擊(ji)，靜電(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)擊(ji)雖然(ran)不會致人死亡，但是(shi)往(wang)往(wang)會導致二(er)次事故，因(yin)此(ci)也要加以(yi)防范(fan)；三(san)是(shi)可能(neng)影響(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，在生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中，靜電(dian)(dian)有可能(neng)會影響(xiang)儀(yi)器設(she)備的(de)正常運行(xing)或降低產(chan)品的(de)質量(liang)(liang)。此(ci)外，靜電(dian)(dian)還會引起電(dian)(dian)子(zi)自(zi)動元件的(de)誤操作。