材(cai)料的腐(fu)蝕(shi)環境復雜(za),影響因素頗多。因此,從不同的角度(du)出發,可以有不同的腐(fu)蝕(shi)分類(lei)方法(fa)。目前主要的腐(fu)蝕(shi)分類(lei)方法(fa)有依(yi)據(ju)腐(fu)蝕(shi)環境分類(lei)法(fa)、依(yi)據(ju)腐(fu)蝕(shi)機理(li)分類(lei)法(fa)、依(yi)據(ju)腐(fu)蝕(shi)形態(tai)分類(lei)法(fa)、依(yi)據(ju)材(cai)料的特性(xing)分類(lei)法(fa)、依(yi)據(ju)應(ying)用范(fan)圍(wei)或(huo)工業部門分類(lei)法(fa)和依(yi)據(ju)影響因素分類(lei)法(fa)等。在(zai)這(zhe)幾種(zhong)分類(lei)方法(fa)中,前三種(zhong)分類(lei)方法(fa)應(ying)用較廣。

   依據腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環境分(fen)類(lei)較為(wei)直觀和(he)(he)(he)實用(yong),具(ju)體(ti)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)干燥氣體(ti)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、潮濕環境腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)非電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)。依據腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機理分(fen)類(lei)則(ze)利于(yu)研究腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微觀機制(zhi),具(ju)體(ti)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)化(hua)(hua)學腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。依據腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形態分(fen)類(lei)利于(yu)辨別和(he)(he)(he)診斷(duan)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)失效,一般可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)全(quan)面(mian)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、局部腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)應(ying)力作用(yong)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)。依據腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性和(he)(he)(he)種類(lei)分(fen)類(lei)主(zhu)要是(shi)從使用(yong)角度出發,具(ju)體(ti)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、無機非金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、有(you)機材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)復(fu)合(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)。此外(wai)(wai)(wai),還有(you)依據影(ying)響因素對(dui)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進行分(fen)類(lei),這些因素主(zhu)要有(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、接(jie)觸腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、應(ying)力作用(yong)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、摩擦與(yu)(yu)磨(mo)損促(cu)進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)(he)微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、輻射影(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)高溫影(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)。外(wai)(wai)(wai)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)例子是(shi)地下水管由(you)(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)軌道散(san)失的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流所(suo)引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞(通常稱為(wei)雜散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)),接(jie)觸腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通常是(shi)指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)或(huo)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)于(yu)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)直接(jie)接(jie)觸引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),這兩類(lei)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)都是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)學因素促(cu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。力學因素加速腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)破壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況有(you)應(ying)力腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)磨(mo)損腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。細菌在土壤中促(cu)進化(hua)(hua)學分(fen)解,船(chuan)殼附著海生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)所(suo)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現象,都屬(shu)于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),而人體(ti)或(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)液也會造成材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。此外(wai)(wai)(wai),聲、光、磁場、紫外(wai)(wai)(wai)線等(deng)物(wu)(wu)理因素對(dui)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也有(you)重(zhong)要影(ying)響。由(you)(you)于(yu)液態金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)對(dui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)理破壞與(yu)(yu)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相似,因而也常常納入(ru)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研究范圍。