填料室的修理，包括填料更換和填料函部分的修理。在線亞洲日產一區二區:閥門填料應定期更換，小型閥門只要將繩狀填料按順時針方向順閥桿裝入填料室內，上緊壓蓋螺母即可。大型閥門填料最好采用方形斷面的，也可采用圓形的，壓入前應預先切成圈，接頭必須平整、無空隙、無凸起現象。選用填料時必須考慮使用條件和介質，一般說來，油浸石棉盤根可用于一定溫度的空氣、蒸汽、水和重油產品，橡膠石棉盤根可用于水、蒸汽和石油產品，石墨石棉盤根可用于高溫高壓條件下，尤以夾銅絲的石墨石棉盤根耐壓力更佳，高溫而又溫度多變的介質可用石棉加鉛盤根，強腐蝕介質可用浸聚四氟乙烯石棉盤根或用聚四氟乙烯編織的盤根。
壓緊填料室(shi)的(de)(de)壓蓋(gai)時，應使(shi)壓蓋(gai)螺栓同時、對稱(cheng)地上緊，不(bu)要(yao)傾斜，并應留有供壓緊用的(de)(de)間隙(xi)，如圖4-64所示。其(qi)間隙(xi)量為：公(gong)稱(cheng)尺寸DN100mm以下(xia)的(de)(de)閥(fa)門為20mm;公(gong)稱(cheng)尺寸DN100mm以上的(de)(de)閥(fa)門為30~40mm.壓蓋(gai)壓入填料室(shi)的(de)(de)深度h不(bu)能(neng)小于(yu)填料室(shi)高度的(de)(de)10%,也不(bu)能(neng)大于(yu)20%.
壓緊填(tian)料(liao)(liao)時，應同時轉(zhuan)動閥(fa)桿(gan)，以(yi)保持四周均勻，并防止壓得太死。加(jia)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)除應保證密封良(liang)好外(wai)，尚應保證閥(fa)桿(gan)轉(zhuan)動靈(ling)活。閥(fa)門的填(tian)料(liao)(liao)室如在工作時有(you)輕微泄(xie)漏，可(ke)將(jiang)閥(fa)門關閉(bi)，再緊一緊填(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓蓋；如泄(xie)漏嚴重，則(ze)應將(jiang)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)全部更換(huan)。
填料(liao)的切制方法(fa)有手工。工具和機械(xie)切制三(san)種。
1. 手工切制
目(mu)前常(chang)用一(yi)根(gen)(gen)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)填料作試樣進行單根(gen)(gen)切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)，這樣會(hui)使填料的(de)(de)長度(du)或(huo)角(jiao)度(du)不同。填料的(de)(de)手工(gong)切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)如圖4-65所示，先備一(yi)根(gen)(gen)與閥桿(gan)直徑相等的(de)(de)木(mu)棒，將盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)緊(jin)緊(jin)纏繞(rao)在木(mu)棒上(shang)，切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)的(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)為30°或(huo)45°,切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)的(de)(de)刀刃應薄而鋒利，也可用細齒(chi)鋸條(tiao)鋸割，用此(ci)方(fang)(fang)法切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)的(de)(de)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)，其角(jiao)度(du)和(he)長度(du)均能一(yi)致，精度(du)和(he)質量都較好(hao)。該方(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)不足之處是需(xu)要專(zhuan)用木(mu)棒，切(qie)(qie)割線為弧形，切(qie)(qie)割不方(fang)(fang)便，切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法不當時，纏繞(rao)在木(mu)棒上(shang)的(de)(de)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)容易松散(san)。最好(hao)采用小(xiao)鐵釘(ding)固定，切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)時，需(xu)一(yi)起割斷。
2. 工具(ju)切制
切(qie)(qie)(qie)盤根(gen)(gen)工(gong)具(ju)如圖4-66所示。該工(gong)具(ju)結構簡單，攜帶(dai)方便，切(qie)(qie)(qie)制角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)長度(du)(du)(du)準確，無切(qie)(qie)(qie)口毛頭或盤根(gen)(gen)松散變形等(deng)缺陷(xian)，制作(zuo)質量高。切(qie)(qie)(qie)盤根(gen)(gen)工(gong)具(ju)上(shang)(shang)的(de)游(you)標尺(chi)(chi)上(shang)(shang)有刻(ke)度(du)(du)(du)，每格刻(ke)度(du)(du)(du)值為(wei)3.14mm,作(zuo)測量盤根(gen)(gen)長度(du)(du)(du)用。游(you)標可(ke)在標尺(chi)(chi)上(shang)(shang)滑動(dong)，上(shang)(shang)面有45°或30°的(de)凹角(jiao)，其頂(ding)點正好在看窗(chuang)刻(ke)度(du)(du)(du)上(shang)(shang)，看窗(chuang)是對刻(ke)度(du)(du)(du)用的(de)，游(you)標上(shang)(shang)的(de)緊固(gu)螺(luo)釘作(zuo)固(gu)定游(you)標用。游(you)標尺(chi)(chi)的(de)截面為(wei)L形，凸邊起校(xiao)直盤根(gen)(gen)的(de)作(zuo)用。刀(dao)架外形為(wei)U形，角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)與游(you)標上(shang)(shang)的(de)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)對應相等(deng)。緊固(gu)螺(luo)桿和(he)(he)夾(jia)板活絡連(lian)接，作(zuo)夾(jia)持(chi)盤根(gen)(gen)用。
盤(pan)根切(qie)(qie)制時(shi)，按閥桿直(zhi)徑與填料寬(kuan)度(du)(du)之和(he)，在游(you)(you)標尺上取相對值(zhi)，再(zai)將(jiang)(jiang)游(you)(you)標滑動到(dao)該值(zhi)上，對準(zhun)(zhun)看窗上的(de)刻(ke)度(du)(du)線，并(bing)用緊(jin)固螺釘固定游(you)(you)標。例如(ru)閥桿直(zhi)徑為20mm,盤(pan)根寬(kuan)度(du)(du)6mm,其和(he)為26mm,對準(zhun)(zhun)游(you)(you)標尺上26格，切(qie)(qie)下的(de)盤(pan)根長度(du)(du)就是所需(xu)長度(du)(du)，即(ji)26π=81.68mm.切(qie)(qie)制時(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)盤(pan)根夾緊(jin)，用薄刀(dao)(dao)沿(yan)刀(dao)(dao)架(jia)邊切(qie)(qie)斷。然后將(jiang)(jiang)盤(pan)根切(qie)(qie)角(jiao)插入游(you)(you)標凹(ao)角(jiao)內(nei)對準(zhun)(zhun)，盤(pan)根靠在游(you)(you)標尺凸邊校(xiao)直(zhi)，用夾板夾緊(jin)，再(zai)用薄刀(dao)(dao)沿(yan)刀(dao)(dao)架(jia)切(qie)(qie)斷盤(pan)根。
3. 機械切制
在修理(li)閥門(men)的(de)(de)過程中，對(dui)非標(biao)準的(de)(de)填(tian)料(liao)或無法(fa)購買到的(de)(de)填(tian)料(liao)，需要現制現用(yong)(yong)。特別是對(dui)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)V形(xing)塑(su)料(liao)填(tian)料(liao)，除用(yong)(yong)模具注(zhu)塑(su)成形(xing)外(wai)，還可用(yong)(yong)車制方法(fa)。
在車制V形填料時，應(ying)選用有一定精度的小型(xing)車床(chuang)，可采用成形車刀(dao)加工。應(ying)特別(bie)注意(yi)各型(xing)填料中相互配(pei)合(he)的尺寸和角度，并應(ying)符合(he)粗糙度的要求。
另(ling)外，填(tian)料函和(he)(he)填(tian)料底部的填(tian)料墊多半為金(jin)屬，也(ye)需要進行車加工配制。選用(yong)(yong)(yong)填(tian)料時，必(bi)須(xu)考慮使用(yong)(yong)(yong)條件和(he)(he)介質(zhi)，一般說來，油(you)浸石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于一定溫度(du)的空氣、蒸(zheng)汽(qi)、水和(he)(he)重油(you)產品；橡膠石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于水、蒸(zheng)汽(qi)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)油(you)產品；石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于水、蒸(zheng)汽(qi)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)油(you)產品；石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于高(gao)溫高(gao)壓條件下，尤以夾銅絲(si)的石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)耐壓力更佳(jia)；高(gao)溫而又溫度(du)多變的介質(zhi)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)加鉛盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)；強腐蝕介質(zhi)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)浸聚四氟乙烯石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)或用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚四氟乙烯編織(zhi)的盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)。
裝填前，無石墨(mo)的石棉填料應涂(tu)上一層鱗片(pian)狀(zhuang)石墨(mo)粉，填料袋裝或盒裝，保持干凈。
石(shi)墨、密封膠應分別用盒裝(zhuang)上(shang)蓋(gai)，不能混入雜物(wu)。填料、石(shi)墨、密封膠隨(sui)用隨(sui)取，不得亂丟。
凡(fan)是能(neng)(neng)在(zai)閥(fa)(fa)桿上(shang)端套(tao)人填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的閥(fa)(fa)門，都應盡可(ke)能(neng)(neng)采取(qu)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)套(tao)入(ru)的方(fang)法裝(zhuang)填填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。套(tao)入(ru)后，可(ke)用(yong)壓具或卡(ka)箍(gu)借助閥(fa)(fa)桿轉動壓緊填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)不能(neng)(neng)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)套(tao)入(ru)的填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，應切(qie)(qie)成搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)形式，這種搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)方(fang)式對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)O形圈和V形填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)都是絕對(dui)(dui)禁(jin)止的，必(bi)要時柔性石(shi)墨填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)也可(ke)采取(qu)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)的方(fang)式。圖4-67為搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的裝(zhuang)填方(fang)法，將搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)口(kou)(kou)上(shang)下錯(cuo)開(kai)，傾斜后把(ba)填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)套(tao)在(zai)閥(fa)(fa)桿上(shang)，然(ran)后上(shang)下復原，使(shi)切(qie)(qie)口(kou)(kou)吻(wen)合，輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)地嵌入(ru)填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函中。圖4-68(b)為錯(cuo)誤的方(fang)法，它容(rong)易使(shi)填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)變形，甚至拉裂，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)柔性石(shi)墨填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，更應禁(jin)止這種錯(cuo)誤操(cao)作。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞，直(zhi)接影響閥(fa)桿的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)，而裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)圈（底(di)圈）是關鍵，要再認真(zhen)仔(zi)細地(di)檢查填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)底(di)部(bu)是否(fou)平(ping)整(zheng)，填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)墊是否(fou)裝妥，確認底(di)面平(ping)整(zheng)無歪斜(xie)時(shi)，再將(jiang)第(di)一(yi)圈填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)具輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)地(di)壓(ya)(ya)下底(di)面，抽出壓(ya)(ya)具；檢查填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是否(fou)平(ping)整(zheng)，有(you)(you)無歪斜(xie)，搭(da)接吻合(he)是否(fou)良好(hao)，再以壓(ya)(ya)具將(jiang)第(di)一(yi)圈填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)，但用(yong)力(li)要適當，不(bu)能太大。應(ying)一(yi)圈一(yi)圈地(di)裝入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)(han)中，并(bing)且每裝一(yi)圈就壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)，并(bing)應(ying)在每層填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)間加少許(xu)銀色石墨粉。不(bu)應(ying)連(lian)裝幾圈，一(yi)次(ci)(ci)壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)，更(geng)不(bu)得使許(xu)多圈連(lian)成(cheng)一(yi)條繞入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)(han)中，這(zhe)種裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)只能作臨(lin)時(shi)試壓(ya)(ya)作業用(yong)，不(bu)允許(xu)用(yong)作正(zheng)常運行閥(fa)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方式(shi)(shi)。正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)是將(jiang)各圈填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)切(qie)口搭(da)接位(wei)置，相互錯開120°,這(zhe)是目前普遍采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方法(fa)。也有(you)(you)其他(ta)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)搭(da)口錯位(wei)方式(shi)(shi)，如填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)各圈搭(da)口互錯90°,也有(you)(you)90°和180°交互錯開。在裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)過程中，每裝1~2圈應(ying)旋轉一(yi)下閥(fa)桿，以檢查閥(fa)桿與填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是否(fou)卡阻(zu)，而影響閥(fa)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)閉。
選擇填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)規(gui)格時，嚴禁(jin)以小代大，沒(mei)有(you)(you)合適寬度的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)時，允許(xu)用(yong)比(bi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)(han)槽寬1~2mm的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，但(dan)不(bu)允許(xu)用(yong)手錘打扁，而應用(yong)平板或碾子均勻(yun)地壓扁填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。壓制后的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，如發現(xian)有(you)(you)質量問題，應停(ting)止使用(yong)。設有(you)(you)分流(liu)環的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)(han)，應事(shi)先測量好(hao)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)(han)深度和(he)分流(liu)環的(de)(de)(de)位置。分流(liu)環要對準填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)引流(liu)管孔，允許(xu)稍(shao)微(wei)偏上，不(bu)準偏下。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函基(ji)本裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)滿后，應(ying)以(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。操(cao)作(zuo)時，兩(liang)邊螺栓對稱擰(ning)緊，用力均勻(yun)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)不得(de)歪斜，以(yi)免填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)偏(pian)或壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)接觸閥(fa)(fa)桿，增(zeng)加(jia)閥(fa)(fa)桿摩擦(ca)阻力，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)人填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函內，也可以(yi)一(yi)圈填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的高度作(zuo)為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入的深度，一(yi)般壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入深度不得(de)小于5mm,并且(qie)隨時檢查閥(fa)(fa)桿與壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)以(yi)及(ji)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函三(san)者的間隙要一(yi)致(zhi)，轉動(dong)閥(fa)(fa)桿時，受力均勻(yun)正常、操(cao)作(zuo)靈活(huo)、無卡(ka)阻現象。如(ru)果手感操(cao)作(zuo)力矩過大(da)時，可適當放松(song)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)，減(jian)小填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)對閥(fa)(fa)門桿的摩擦(ca)阻力。
V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)和模壓成形(xing)的(de)其他填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，應(ying)從閥(fa)桿(gan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)端(duan)慢(man)慢(man)套入，套裝(zhuang)時要注(zhu)意防止填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)內圈(quan)被(bei)閥(fa)桿(gan)的(de)螺(luo)紋劃傷。成形(xing)V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)下(xia)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)（填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)墊）凸角向上(shang)(shang)(shang)，安(an)(an)放在(zai)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函底面；中填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)凹(ao)角向下(xia)，凸角向上(shang)(shang)(shang)，安(an)(an)放于填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)中部；上(shang)(shang)(shang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)凹(ao)角向下(xia)，平面向上(shang)(shang)(shang)，安(an)(an)放在(zai)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函的(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)。
填料函一般不(bu)需(xu)修理，但(dan)閥門使用后(hou)若有(you)腐(fu)蝕現象或有(you)雜(za)物黏附，修理時要清理擦拭，用砂(sha)布磨光，腐(fu)蝕嚴重，出現麻坑者，應在車床(chuang)上車去(qu)不(bu)平的表(biao)面。
