填料室的修理，包括填料更換和填料函部分的修理。在線亞洲日產一區二區:閥門填料應定期更換，小型閥門只要將繩狀填料按順時針方向順閥桿裝入填料室內，上緊壓蓋螺母即可。大型閥門填料最好采用方形斷面的，也可采用圓形的，壓入前應預先切成圈，接頭必須平整、無空隙、無凸起現象。選用填料時必須考慮使用條件和介質，一般說來，油浸石棉盤根可用于一定溫度的空氣、蒸汽、水和重油產品，橡膠石棉盤根可用于水、蒸汽和石油產品，石墨石棉盤根可用于高溫高壓條件下，尤以夾銅絲的石墨石棉盤根耐壓力更佳，高溫而又溫度多變的介質可用石棉加鉛盤根，強腐蝕介質可用浸聚四氟乙烯石棉盤根或用聚四氟乙烯編織的盤根。
壓(ya)緊填料(liao)室的(de)(de)壓(ya)蓋時，應(ying)使壓(ya)蓋螺栓同時、對(dui)稱(cheng)地上緊，不要傾斜，并應(ying)留有供(gong)壓(ya)緊用的(de)(de)間隙(xi)，如圖4-64所(suo)示。其間隙(xi)量為：公稱(cheng)尺寸(cun)DN100mm以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)閥門為20mm;公稱(cheng)尺寸(cun)DN100mm以(yi)上的(de)(de)閥門為30~40mm.壓(ya)蓋壓(ya)入填料(liao)室的(de)(de)深度(du)h不能小于(yu)填料(liao)室高度(du)的(de)(de)10%,也(ye)不能大于(yu)20%.
壓(ya)緊填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)時(shi)，應同(tong)時(shi)轉(zhuan)動閥桿，以保持四周均勻，并防止壓(ya)得(de)太死(si)。加填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)除應保證(zheng)密封良好(hao)外，尚應保證(zheng)閥桿轉(zhuan)動靈活(huo)。閥門的填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)室如在(zai)工作(zuo)時(shi)有輕微泄漏，可(ke)將閥門關閉，再緊一緊填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)蓋；如泄漏嚴(yan)重(zhong)，則應將填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)全部更(geng)換。
填料的切(qie)制方法有手工。工具(ju)和機械(xie)切(qie)制三種。
1. 手工切制
目前常(chang)用一根盤(pan)(pan)根填(tian)料作試樣(yang)進行單根切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)，這樣(yang)會使填(tian)料的長度或角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度不同(tong)。填(tian)料的手(shou)工(gong)切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)如(ru)圖4-65所示，先備一根與閥桿直徑相(xiang)等的木棒(bang)，將盤(pan)(pan)根緊緊纏(chan)繞(rao)在木棒(bang)上(shang)，切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)的角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度為30°或45°,切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)的刀(dao)刃應薄而(er)鋒利(li)，也可用細齒鋸條鋸割，用此方(fang)法(fa)切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)的盤(pan)(pan)根，其角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度和(he)長度均能一致，精度和(he)質量(liang)都(dou)較好(hao)。該方(fang)法(fa)的不足之處是需要(yao)專(zhuan)用木棒(bang)，切(qie)(qie)割線(xian)為弧形，切(qie)(qie)割不方(fang)便，切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)不當時，纏(chan)繞(rao)在木棒(bang)上(shang)的盤(pan)(pan)根容易(yi)松(song)散。最(zui)好(hao)采用小鐵釘固定，切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)時，需一起割斷(duan)。
2. 工(gong)具切制
切(qie)盤根工(gong)具(ju)(ju)如圖4-66所示(shi)。該工(gong)具(ju)(ju)結構簡單，攜帶方便，切(qie)制(zhi)角度(du)和(he)長度(du)準確，無(wu)切(qie)口毛(mao)頭或盤根松散(san)變(bian)形(xing)等(deng)缺陷，制(zhi)作質量高。切(qie)盤根工(gong)具(ju)(ju)上(shang)(shang)的游(you)(you)(you)標(biao)尺(chi)上(shang)(shang)有(you)刻度(du)，每格(ge)刻度(du)值為(wei)3.14mm,作測量盤根長度(du)用(yong)。游(you)(you)(you)標(biao)可在標(biao)尺(chi)上(shang)(shang)滑動，上(shang)(shang)面有(you)45°或30°的凹角，其頂點正(zheng)好在看窗刻度(du)上(shang)(shang)，看窗是對刻度(du)用(yong)的，游(you)(you)(you)標(biao)上(shang)(shang)的緊(jin)固螺釘作固定游(you)(you)(you)標(biao)用(yong)。游(you)(you)(you)標(biao)尺(chi)的截(jie)面為(wei)L形(xing)，凸邊起校直盤根的作用(yong)。刀架外形(xing)為(wei)U形(xing)，角度(du)與(yu)游(you)(you)(you)標(biao)上(shang)(shang)的角度(du)對應相等(deng)。緊(jin)固螺桿和(he)夾板活絡(luo)連接，作夾持盤根用(yong)。
盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)切(qie)制時，按閥桿直(zhi)徑與填料(liao)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)之和，在游(you)(you)(you)(you)標(biao)尺上(shang)取相對值，再(zai)(zai)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)游(you)(you)(you)(you)標(biao)滑(hua)動到該值上(shang)，對準看窗上(shang)的刻度(du)線，并用(yong)緊(jin)固螺(luo)釘固定游(you)(you)(you)(you)標(biao)。例如閥桿直(zhi)徑為20mm,盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)6mm,其和為26mm,對準游(you)(you)(you)(you)標(biao)尺上(shang)26格(ge)，切(qie)下的盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)長度(du)就是所需長度(du)，即26π=81.68mm.切(qie)制時將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)夾(jia)緊(jin)，用(yong)薄(bo)刀沿(yan)刀架(jia)邊切(qie)斷。然后(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)切(qie)角插入游(you)(you)(you)(you)標(biao)凹角內(nei)對準，盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)靠在游(you)(you)(you)(you)標(biao)尺凸(tu)邊校直(zhi)，用(yong)夾(jia)板夾(jia)緊(jin)，再(zai)(zai)用(yong)薄(bo)刀沿(yan)刀架(jia)切(qie)斷盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)。
3. 機械切(qie)制
在(zai)修(xiu)理閥門(men)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中，對(dui)非標準的(de)(de)填(tian)料(liao)或無法購(gou)買(mai)到的(de)(de)填(tian)料(liao)，需要現(xian)制現(xian)用(yong)。特別是對(dui)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)V形(xing)塑料(liao)填(tian)料(liao)，除(chu)用(yong)模具注塑成形(xing)外(wai)，還可用(yong)車(che)制方法。
在車(che)制V形填料時，應選用(yong)有一定精(jing)度(du)的(de)小型(xing)車(che)床，可采(cai)用(yong)成形車(che)刀加工。應特別注(zhu)意各型(xing)填料中相互配(pei)合的(de)尺寸和角度(du)，并應符合粗糙度(du)的(de)要求。
另外，填料(liao)(liao)函和(he)填料(liao)(liao)底部的(de)(de)填料(liao)(liao)墊多(duo)半為金屬(shu)，也需要(yao)進行車(che)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)配制。選用(yong)填料(liao)(liao)時，必(bi)須考慮使用(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)和(he)介質，一般說來，油(you)浸(jin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤根(gen)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于一定溫(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)空氣(qi)、蒸(zheng)汽、水和(he)重油(you)產品(pin)；橡(xiang)膠石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤根(gen)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于水、蒸(zheng)汽和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)產品(pin)；石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤根(gen)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于水、蒸(zheng)汽和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)產品(pin)；石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤根(gen)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)高(gao)壓條(tiao)件(jian)下，尤(you)以夾(jia)銅絲(si)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤根(gen)耐壓力更佳；高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)而(er)又溫(wen)(wen)度多(duo)變的(de)(de)介質可(ke)(ke)用(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)加(jia)(jia)鉛(qian)盤根(gen)；強腐蝕介質可(ke)(ke)用(yong)浸(jin)聚四氟(fu)乙烯石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤根(gen)或用(yong)聚四氟(fu)乙烯編織的(de)(de)盤根(gen)。
裝(zhuang)填(tian)前(qian)，無石墨的石棉填(tian)料應涂上一層(ceng)鱗片狀(zhuang)石墨粉，填(tian)料袋裝(zhuang)或盒裝(zhuang)，保持干凈。
石(shi)墨(mo)、密(mi)封膠應分(fen)別用盒裝上蓋，不能混入雜(za)物(wu)。填料、石(shi)墨(mo)、密(mi)封膠隨用隨取，不得亂丟。
凡是(shi)能在閥(fa)桿上(shang)端套人填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)閥(fa)門，都應盡(jin)可能采取直接(jie)套入的(de)方(fang)法裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。套入后，可用壓(ya)具或卡箍借助閥(fa)桿轉動(dong)壓(ya)緊(jin)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于不(bu)能直接(jie)套入的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，應切成搭(da)(da)(da)接(jie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)，這(zhe)種搭(da)(da)(da)接(jie)方(fang)式(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于O形(xing)(xing)(xing)圈和V形(xing)(xing)(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)都是(shi)絕對(dui)(dui)(dui)禁止(zhi)的(de)，必要時柔性石(shi)墨填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)也可采取搭(da)(da)(da)接(jie)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)。圖(tu)4-67為搭(da)(da)(da)接(jie)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)法，將搭(da)(da)(da)接(jie)口上(shang)下(xia)錯(cuo)開，傾斜后把(ba)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)套在閥(fa)桿上(shang)，然后上(shang)下(xia)復原，使切口吻(wen)合，輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)地嵌(qian)入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函中。圖(tu)4-68(b)為錯(cuo)誤的(de)方(fang)法，它容易(yi)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)，甚(shen)至拉(la)裂，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于柔性石(shi)墨填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，更應禁止(zhi)這(zhe)種錯(cuo)誤操作。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)質量的(de)好壞，直(zhi)接影響(xiang)閥(fa)桿的(de)密封，而(er)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)第一圈(quan)(quan)（底(di)圈(quan)(quan)）是(shi)(shi)關鍵，要再認真仔(zi)細(xi)地(di)檢查(cha)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函的(de)底(di)部是(shi)(shi)否平整(zheng)(zheng)，填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)墊是(shi)(shi)否裝(zhuang)妥(tuo)，確認底(di)面(mian)(mian)平整(zheng)(zheng)無歪(wai)斜(xie)時，再將第一圈(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)用壓(ya)具(ju)輕(qing)輕(qing)地(di)壓(ya)下底(di)面(mian)(mian)，抽出(chu)壓(ya)具(ju)；檢查(cha)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)否平整(zheng)(zheng)，有(you)無歪(wai)斜(xie)，搭接吻合是(shi)(shi)否良好，再以壓(ya)具(ju)將第一圈(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)緊(jin)，但(dan)用力要適當，不能太大。應(ying)一圈(quan)(quan)一圈(quan)(quan)地(di)裝(zhuang)入(ru)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函中，并(bing)且每(mei)裝(zhuang)一圈(quan)(quan)就(jiu)壓(ya)緊(jin)一次(ci)，并(bing)應(ying)在每(mei)層填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)間加少許(xu)銀色石墨粉。不應(ying)連裝(zhuang)幾圈(quan)(quan)，一次(ci)壓(ya)緊(jin)，更不得使許(xu)多圈(quan)(quan)連成一條繞入(ru)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函中，這種裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)只(zhi)能作臨時試壓(ya)作業用，不允許(xu)用作正(zheng)常運行閥(fa)門(men)的(de)密封填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方式。正(zheng)確的(de)方法(fa)是(shi)(shi)將各(ge)圈(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)切口(kou)(kou)搭接位置，相互(hu)錯(cuo)開120°,這是(shi)(shi)目前普(pu)遍(bian)采用的(de)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方法(fa)。也(ye)有(you)其他(ta)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)搭口(kou)(kou)錯(cuo)位方式，如填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)各(ge)圈(quan)(quan)搭口(kou)(kou)互(hu)錯(cuo)90°,也(ye)有(you)90°和180°交互(hu)錯(cuo)開。在裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)過程中，每(mei)裝(zhuang)1~2圈(quan)(quan)應(ying)旋轉一下閥(fa)桿，以檢查(cha)閥(fa)桿與填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)否卡阻，而(er)影響(xiang)閥(fa)門(men)的(de)啟閉(bi)。
選擇填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)規格(ge)時，嚴(yan)禁以小代大，沒(mei)有(you)合適寬(kuan)度的填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)時，允許用比填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)(han)槽(cao)寬(kuan)1~2mm的填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，但不允許用手錘打(da)扁，而應用平板或碾子均勻地(di)壓扁填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。壓制后的填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，如發現有(you)質量(liang)問題，應停止使用。設有(you)分(fen)流(liu)環(huan)的填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)(han)，應事先測量(liang)好填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)(han)深(shen)度和(he)分(fen)流(liu)環(huan)的位置(zhi)。分(fen)流(liu)環(huan)要對準(zhun)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)(han)的引流(liu)管孔(kong)，允許稍微偏(pian)上，不準(zhun)偏(pian)下。
填(tian)料(liao)函基本裝填(tian)滿后，應以(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)緊(jin)填(tian)料(liao)。操作(zuo)時(shi)，兩邊(bian)螺栓(shuan)對稱擰(ning)緊(jin)，用力(li)(li)均勻(yun)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)不(bu)得(de)歪斜，以(yi)免填(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)偏或(huo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)接觸閥桿，增加(jia)閥桿摩(mo)擦阻(zu)力(li)(li)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)人填(tian)料(liao)函內，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)一圈填(tian)料(liao)的高度(du)作(zuo)為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)入的深度(du)，一般(ban)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)入深度(du)不(bu)得(de)小于(yu)5mm,并且隨時(shi)檢查閥桿與壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套以(yi)及填(tian)料(liao)函三者的間隙要一致，轉動閥桿時(shi)，受力(li)(li)均勻(yun)正(zheng)常、操作(zuo)靈活、無卡阻(zu)現(xian)象。如果手感操作(zuo)力(li)(li)矩過大時(shi)，可(ke)適當放(fang)松壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)，減小填(tian)料(liao)對閥門(men)桿的摩(mo)擦阻(zu)力(li)(li)。
V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)和(he)模(mo)壓成形(xing)的其他(ta)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)，應從閥桿上(shang)端慢慢套(tao)(tao)入，套(tao)(tao)裝時要注意(yi)防止填(tian)(tian)料(liao)內圈被閥桿的螺紋劃傷。成形(xing)V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的下(xia)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)（填(tian)(tian)料(liao)墊）凸(tu)角(jiao)向(xiang)上(shang)，安(an)放(fang)在填(tian)(tian)料(liao)函底面(mian)；中填(tian)(tian)料(liao)凹角(jiao)向(xiang)下(xia)，凸(tu)角(jiao)向(xiang)上(shang)，安(an)放(fang)于填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中部(bu)；上(shang)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)凹角(jiao)向(xiang)下(xia)，平面(mian)向(xiang)上(shang)，安(an)放(fang)在填(tian)(tian)料(liao)函的上(shang)層。
填(tian)料函一般(ban)不(bu)需修(xiu)(xiu)理，但閥門(men)使用后若有(you)(you)腐蝕現象或有(you)(you)雜物(wu)黏附，修(xiu)(xiu)理時要清(qing)理擦拭(shi)，用砂布磨光，腐蝕嚴重，出現麻坑者，應在車床(chuang)上車去不(bu)平(ping)的(de)表面(mian)。
