填料室的修理，包括填料更換和填料函部分的修理。在線亞洲日產一區二區:閥門填料應定期更換，小型閥門只要將繩狀填料按順時針方向順閥桿裝入填料室內，上緊壓蓋螺母即可。大型閥門填料最好采用方形斷面的，也可采用圓形的，壓入前應預先切成圈，接頭必須平整、無空隙、無凸起現象。選用填料時必須考慮使用條件和介質，一般說來，油浸石棉盤根可用于一定溫度的空氣、蒸汽、水和重油產品，橡膠石棉盤根可用于水、蒸汽和石油產品，石墨石棉盤根可用于高溫高壓條件下，尤以夾銅絲的石墨石棉盤根耐壓力更佳，高溫而又溫度多變的介質可用石棉加鉛盤根，強腐蝕介質可用浸聚四氟乙烯石棉盤根或用聚四氟乙烯編織的盤根。
壓緊填(tian)料(liao)(liao)室(shi)的(de)壓蓋時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)使壓蓋螺栓(shuan)同時(shi)(shi)、對稱(cheng)地上緊，不要傾斜，并應(ying)留(liu)有供壓緊用的(de)間隙(xi)，如圖4-64所(suo)示。其(qi)間隙(xi)量為：公(gong)稱(cheng)尺寸(cun)DN100mm以(yi)下的(de)閥門為20mm;公(gong)稱(cheng)尺寸(cun)DN100mm以(yi)上的(de)閥門為30~40mm.壓蓋壓入填(tian)料(liao)(liao)室(shi)的(de)深度(du)h不能小于填(tian)料(liao)(liao)室(shi)高(gao)度(du)的(de)10%,也不能大于20%.
壓緊(jin)填(tian)料時，應同時轉動閥桿，以保(bao)持四周均勻，并防止壓得太死。加填(tian)料除應保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)密封良好外，尚(shang)應保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)閥桿轉動靈活。閥門的填(tian)料室如在工(gong)作時有(you)輕微(wei)泄(xie)漏，可將(jiang)閥門關閉，再(zai)緊(jin)一緊(jin)填(tian)料壓蓋(gai)；如泄(xie)漏嚴重(zhong)，則應將(jiang)填(tian)料全(quan)部更(geng)換。
填料(liao)的(de)切(qie)制(zhi)方法有手工(gong)。工(gong)具和機(ji)械切(qie)制(zhi)三種(zhong)。
1. 手(shou)工切制
目前常用(yong)一根(gen)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)填(tian)料作試樣進行單根(gen)切(qie)制，這樣會使填(tian)料的(de)(de)(de)長度(du)(du)(du)或(huo)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)不同。填(tian)料的(de)(de)(de)手工切(qie)制如圖4-65所示，先備(bei)一根(gen)與閥桿(gan)直徑相等的(de)(de)(de)木棒，將盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)緊(jin)緊(jin)纏繞在木棒上(shang)，切(qie)制的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為30°或(huo)45°,切(qie)制的(de)(de)(de)刀刃應薄而鋒利，也可(ke)用(yong)細齒鋸(ju)條鋸(ju)割，用(yong)此方(fang)法切(qie)制的(de)(de)(de)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)，其角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)和長度(du)(du)(du)均能(neng)一致，精度(du)(du)(du)和質量都較好。該(gai)方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)不足之處(chu)是需(xu)要(yao)專用(yong)木棒，切(qie)割線為弧形，切(qie)割不方(fang)便，切(qie)制方(fang)法不當時，纏繞在木棒上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)容易松散。最好采(cai)用(yong)小鐵釘(ding)固(gu)定，切(qie)制時，需(xu)一起割斷。
2. 工具切制
切(qie)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)工具(ju)如(ru)圖4-66所(suo)示。該工具(ju)結構簡單，攜(xie)帶方便，切(qie)制角度(du)和(he)長(chang)度(du)準確，無切(qie)口毛頭(tou)或盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)松(song)散變形(xing)等缺(que)陷，制作(zuo)(zuo)質量高。切(qie)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)工具(ju)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)游(you)標(biao)尺(chi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)刻度(du)，每(mei)格刻度(du)值為3.14mm,作(zuo)(zuo)測量盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)長(chang)度(du)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。游(you)標(biao)可在(zai)標(biao)尺(chi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)滑動，上(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)有(you)(you)45°或30°的(de)(de)凹角，其頂(ding)點正好在(zai)看(kan)窗刻度(du)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，看(kan)窗是對刻度(du)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)，游(you)標(biao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)緊固(gu)螺(luo)釘作(zuo)(zuo)固(gu)定游(you)標(biao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。游(you)標(biao)尺(chi)的(de)(de)截面(mian)為L形(xing)，凸(tu)邊(bian)起校直盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。刀架外形(xing)為U形(xing)，角度(du)與游(you)標(biao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)角度(du)對應相等。緊固(gu)螺(luo)桿和(he)夾板活絡連接，作(zuo)(zuo)夾持盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)切(qie)(qie)制時，按閥桿直徑與(yu)填料(liao)寬(kuan)度(du)之(zhi)和，在(zai)游(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)(biao)尺(chi)上取相對值，再將游(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)(biao)滑動(dong)到該值上，對準看窗上的(de)刻(ke)度(du)線，并用(yong)緊固(gu)螺釘(ding)固(gu)定游(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)(biao)。例如閥桿直徑為20mm,盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)寬(kuan)度(du)6mm,其和為26mm,對準游(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)(biao)尺(chi)上26格，切(qie)(qie)下的(de)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)長度(du)就(jiu)是(shi)所需長度(du)，即26π=81.68mm.切(qie)(qie)制時將盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)夾緊，用(yong)薄刀沿刀架(jia)邊切(qie)(qie)斷。然后將盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)切(qie)(qie)角(jiao)(jiao)插入游(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)(biao)凹角(jiao)(jiao)內對準，盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)靠在(zai)游(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)(biao)尺(chi)凸(tu)邊校直，用(yong)夾板夾緊，再用(yong)薄刀沿刀架(jia)切(qie)(qie)斷盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)。
3. 機械切(qie)制
在修(xiu)理閥門的過程中，對(dui)非標準的填(tian)(tian)料或無法購買到的填(tian)(tian)料，需要現制現用(yong)(yong)(yong)。特別是(shi)對(dui)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的V形(xing)塑(su)料填(tian)(tian)料，除用(yong)(yong)(yong)模(mo)具注塑(su)成(cheng)形(xing)外，還可用(yong)(yong)(yong)車制方法。
在車(che)制V形填(tian)料(liao)時，應選用有(you)一定(ding)精度(du)的小型(xing)車(che)床，可采用成形車(che)刀加工。應特別(bie)注意各型(xing)填(tian)料(liao)中相互配(pei)合(he)的尺(chi)寸和角度(du)，并應符合(he)粗糙度(du)的要求(qiu)。
另外，填(tian)料(liao)(liao)函和填(tian)料(liao)(liao)底部的(de)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)墊多半為金屬，也需要進行(xing)車加工配制。選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)時，必須考慮(lv)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)條件和介質，一(yi)般(ban)說來，油浸(jin)石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于一(yi)定溫(wen)度的(de)空氣(qi)、蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)、水和重油產(chan)品；橡膠石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于水、蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)和石(shi)(shi)油產(chan)品；石(shi)(shi)墨石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于水、蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)和石(shi)(shi)油產(chan)品；石(shi)(shi)墨石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)條件下，尤(you)以夾銅絲的(de)石(shi)(shi)墨石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)耐壓(ya)力(li)更佳；高(gao)溫(wen)而又溫(wen)度多變的(de)介質可用(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)加鉛(qian)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)；強腐(fu)蝕介質可用(yong)(yong)(yong)浸(jin)聚四氟乙烯石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚四氟乙烯編織的(de)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)。
裝填前，無石(shi)墨的石(shi)棉填料(liao)應涂上一層鱗片(pian)狀(zhuang)石(shi)墨粉(fen)，填料(liao)袋裝或盒裝，保持干(gan)凈。
石墨、密(mi)封膠(jiao)應分別用盒裝上蓋(gai)，不(bu)能(neng)混(hun)入雜物。填料(liao)、石墨、密(mi)封膠(jiao)隨(sui)用隨(sui)取，不(bu)得亂(luan)丟。
凡是(shi)能(neng)在(zai)閥(fa)(fa)桿(gan)上(shang)(shang)端套(tao)(tao)人(ren)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)閥(fa)(fa)門(men)，都(dou)應(ying)盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)采(cai)取(qu)直接(jie)套(tao)(tao)入(ru)的(de)方法裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。套(tao)(tao)入(ru)后(hou)(hou)，可(ke)(ke)用(yong)壓具或卡箍借助(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)桿(gan)轉(zhuan)動壓緊填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。對于(yu)(yu)不(bu)能(neng)直接(jie)套(tao)(tao)入(ru)的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，應(ying)切(qie)成搭(da)接(jie)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)，這種搭(da)接(jie)方式(shi)對于(yu)(yu)O形(xing)(xing)圈和V形(xing)(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)都(dou)是(shi)絕對禁止的(de)，必要時柔性石墨(mo)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)也可(ke)(ke)采(cai)取(qu)搭(da)接(jie)的(de)方式(shi)。圖4-67為搭(da)接(jie)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方法，將搭(da)接(jie)口上(shang)(shang)下錯開，傾斜后(hou)(hou)把填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)套(tao)(tao)在(zai)閥(fa)(fa)桿(gan)上(shang)(shang)，然后(hou)(hou)上(shang)(shang)下復原，使切(qie)口吻合，輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)地嵌入(ru)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函中。圖4-68(b)為錯誤(wu)的(de)方法，它容易使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)變形(xing)(xing)，甚至拉(la)裂(lie)，對于(yu)(yu)柔性石墨(mo)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，更(geng)應(ying)禁止這種錯誤(wu)操作(zuo)。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)質量的(de)好壞(huai)，直接(jie)(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)閥(fa)桿的(de)密(mi)封，而裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)第(di)一(yi)圈（底圈）是(shi)關鍵，要再(zai)(zai)認(ren)真仔(zi)細地(di)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)的(de)底部是(shi)否平整，填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)墊是(shi)否裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)妥(tuo)，確認(ren)底面(mian)平整無歪斜時(shi)，再(zai)(zai)將(jiang)(jiang)第(di)一(yi)圈填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壓(ya)(ya)具(ju)輕(qing)輕(qing)地(di)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)底面(mian)，抽出壓(ya)(ya)具(ju)；檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)否平整，有無歪斜，搭(da)接(jie)(jie)吻(wen)合是(shi)否良(liang)好，再(zai)(zai)以壓(ya)(ya)具(ju)將(jiang)(jiang)第(di)一(yi)圈填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)緊，但用(yong)(yong)(yong)力要適當(dang)，不能太大。應(ying)一(yi)圈一(yi)圈地(di)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)中(zhong)，并且每(mei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)圈就壓(ya)(ya)緊一(yi)次，并應(ying)在每(mei)層填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)間加少(shao)許銀色石墨(mo)粉。不應(ying)連裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)幾圈，一(yi)次壓(ya)(ya)緊，更不得使(shi)許多圈連成(cheng)一(yi)條繞入(ru)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)中(zhong)，這種(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)法只能作(zuo)臨時(shi)試壓(ya)(ya)作(zuo)業用(yong)(yong)(yong)，不允許用(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)正常運行閥(fa)門的(de)密(mi)封填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)。正確的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)各圈填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)切口搭(da)接(jie)(jie)位置，相互錯(cuo)開120°,這是(shi)目前(qian)普(pu)遍采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法。也有其他(ta)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)搭(da)口錯(cuo)位方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，如填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)各圈搭(da)口互錯(cuo)90°,也有90°和180°交(jiao)互錯(cuo)開。在裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)過程中(zhong)，每(mei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)1~2圈應(ying)旋轉一(yi)下(xia)閥(fa)桿，以檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)閥(fa)桿與填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)否卡(ka)阻(zu)，而影(ying)響(xiang)閥(fa)門的(de)啟閉。
選(xuan)擇填(tian)料(liao)規格(ge)時，嚴禁以小代大(da)，沒有(you)合(he)適(shi)寬度的填(tian)料(liao)時，允許用(yong)比填(tian)料(liao)函(han)槽寬1~2mm的填(tian)料(liao)，但不允許用(yong)手錘打扁，而應(ying)用(yong)平板或碾子均勻(yun)地壓扁填(tian)料(liao)。壓制(zhi)后的填(tian)料(liao)，如發現有(you)質量(liang)問題(ti)，應(ying)停(ting)止使用(yong)。設有(you)分(fen)流環(huan)(huan)的填(tian)料(liao)函(han)，應(ying)事(shi)先測量(liang)好填(tian)料(liao)函(han)深度和分(fen)流環(huan)(huan)的位置。分(fen)流環(huan)(huan)要(yao)對準填(tian)料(liao)函(han)的引(yin)流管(guan)孔，允許稍微偏上(shang)，不準偏下。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)基(ji)本裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)滿后，應以(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。操作(zuo)時，兩邊螺栓對(dui)(dui)稱擰緊，用力(li)(li)均(jun)勻(yun)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)不(bu)得歪斜，以(yi)(yi)免填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)偏或壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)接觸閥(fa)桿(gan)(gan)，增加閥(fa)桿(gan)(gan)摩擦阻力(li)(li)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套壓(ya)(ya)(ya)人填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)內，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)圈填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的高(gao)度作(zuo)為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入(ru)的深度，一(yi)般壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入(ru)深度不(bu)得小于5mm,并(bing)且(qie)隨時檢(jian)查(cha)閥(fa)桿(gan)(gan)與壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套以(yi)(yi)及填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)三者的間隙要一(yi)致，轉動閥(fa)桿(gan)(gan)時，受力(li)(li)均(jun)勻(yun)正常、操作(zuo)靈活(huo)、無卡阻現象(xiang)。如果手感操作(zuo)力(li)(li)矩過大時，可(ke)適當(dang)放松(song)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)，減(jian)小填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)對(dui)(dui)閥(fa)門桿(gan)(gan)的摩擦阻力(li)(li)。
V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)和(he)模(mo)壓成(cheng)形(xing)的(de)其他填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，應從(cong)閥桿上(shang)(shang)端(duan)慢慢套入，套裝(zhuang)時(shi)要注意防(fang)止填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)內(nei)圈(quan)被閥桿的(de)螺紋劃傷。成(cheng)形(xing)V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)下填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)（填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)墊）凸角(jiao)向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)，安(an)放(fang)在填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函底面；中填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)凹角(jiao)向(xiang)(xiang)下，凸角(jiao)向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)，安(an)放(fang)于填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)中部；上(shang)(shang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)凹角(jiao)向(xiang)(xiang)下，平面向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)，安(an)放(fang)在填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函的(de)上(shang)(shang)層。
填料函一般不需修(xiu)理(li)，但(dan)閥門使用(yong)后若有(you)腐蝕現(xian)象(xiang)或有(you)雜物黏附，修(xiu)理(li)時要清(qing)理(li)擦(ca)拭(shi)，用(yong)砂布(bu)磨光，腐蝕嚴重，出(chu)現(xian)麻(ma)坑(keng)者，應在車床上車去不平的表面。
