在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨在線亞洲日產一區二區:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手(shou)工(gong)(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和拋光(guang)等(deng)。粗(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了消除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)擦傷(shang)、壓痕、蝕(shi)點等(deng)缺(que)陷(xian)，提(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平整(zheng)度(du)和降低(di)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打(da)下基礎。精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了消除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)紋(wen)路，進一(yi)步提(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)平整(zheng)度(du)和降低(di)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)。拋光(guang)的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)降低(di)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)，一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)Ra在0.2μm以下的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。手(shou)工(gong)(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)管粗(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)還是(shi)精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，整(zheng)個過(guo)(guo)程始終(zhong)貫穿(chuan)提(ti)起、放下、旋轉、往復(fu)、輕敲(qiao)、換向等(deng)操作(zuo)相(xiang)(xiang)結合的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程。其(qi)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)是(shi)避免磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒軌跡重復(fu)，使(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)得到均勻的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削，提(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)平整(zheng)度(du)，降低(di)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)始終(zhong)貫穿(chuan)著檢驗過(guo)(guo)程，其(qi)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)是(shi)隨時(shi)(shi)掌握研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)情(qing)況，做到心(xin)中(zhong)有(you)數，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量達(da)到技術要(yao)(yao)求。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，清潔(jie)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)很(hen)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)環節，應(ying)(ying)做到“三(san)不(bu)落(luo)地”，即(ji)被研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)件不(bu)落(luo)地、工(gong)(gong)具(ju)不(bu)落(luo)地、物料不(bu)落(luo)地；“三(san)不(bu)見天”，即(ji)顯示(shi)劑(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)上(shang)蓋、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)上(shang)蓋、稀釋劑(ji)(ji)（液）用(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)上(shang)蓋；“三(san)干(gan)(gan)凈(jing)”，即(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前要(yao)(yao)抹洗(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)凈(jing)、密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)清洗(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)凈(jing)、更換研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)和密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)抹洗(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)凈(jing)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意檢查研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)不(bu)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外任何疤點臺肩相(xiang)(xiang)摩擦，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)運動平穩(wen)，保證研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量。經過(guo)(guo)滲(shen)氨(an)、滲(shen)硼等(deng)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處理(li)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)小(xiao)(xiao)心(xin)謹慎，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)滲(shen)透(tou)層的(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)隨著研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)量增大而明顯下降，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削量應(ying)(ying)盡量小(xiao)(xiao)，最好(hao)進行拋光(guang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，至少要(yao)(yao)精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)(hou)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，如達(da)不(bu)到要(yao)(yao)求，就將(jiang)殘存的(de)(de)滲(shen)透(tou)層磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)掉，重新(xin)滲(shen)透(tou)處理(li)，恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)原有(you)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)性能(neng)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)深(shen)冷的(de)(de)閥(fa)門密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)經過(guo)(guo)深(shen)冷定型處理(li)后(hou)(hou)再研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，否則(ze)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)好(hao)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)經深(shen)冷就會(hui)變形。深(shen)冷處理(li)可在液氨(an)中(zhong)進行。刀型密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)般(ban)寬(kuan)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.5~0.8mm,接近線密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)(hou)，密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會(hui)變寬(kuan)，應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)刀型密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)原有(you)的(de)(de)尺(chi)寸，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)車削或研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)刀型密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)方法(fa)恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)寬(kuan)度(du)尺(chi)寸。

  研具(ju)(ju)使用后應(ying)進行一次檢查，對平整度不(bu)高的平面(mian)要(yao)修理好，并應(ying)清洗干凈，保持(chi)完整。要(yao)分門(men)別(bie)類(lei)地把(ba)研磨工具(ju)(ju)擺放(fang)在工具(ju)(ju)箱內(nei)，以(yi)便以(yi)后使用。

  研(yan)磨分平(ping)面(mian)(mian)密(mi)封面(mian)(mian)研(yan)磨、錐形密(mi)封面(mian)(mian)研(yan)磨、圓(yuan)弧密(mi)封面(mian)(mian)研(yan)磨、圓(yuan)柱體密(mi)封面(mian)(mian)研(yan)磨等(deng)幾種。

①. 閥體平(ping)面(mian)密封面(mian)的研磨 

  閥(fa)體(ti)密封平(ping)面(mian)位(wei)于閥(fa)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)腔(qiang)，研(yan)磨(mo)比較困難。通常使用帶方孔的圓盤(pan)(pan)狀研(yan)磨(mo)工(gong)(gong)具，放在內(nei)(nei)腔(qiang)的密封面(mian)上(shang)，再用帶方頭的長柄手把(ba)來帶動研(yan)盤(pan)(pan)運動。研(yan)盤(pan)(pan)上(shang)有圓柱凸(tu)臺(tai)或引導墊片，以防止在研(yan)磨(mo)過程中研(yan)具局(ju)部(bu)離開(kai)環狀密封面(mian)而造成研(yan)磨(mo)不勻的現象。圖4-71為閘閥(fa)密封面(mian)的手工(gong)(gong)研(yan)磨(mo)。

  研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)前應將(jiang)研(yan)(yan)具(ju)工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)丙酮或汽油擦凈，并去除(chu)閥體密封面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)飛邊、毛刺，再(zai)在(zai)密封面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)涂敷一(yi)層研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)具(ju)放入(ru)閥體內腔時(shi)，要仔細地貼合(he)在(zai)密封面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)，然后(hou)采用(yong)長(chang)柄手把(ba)使研(yan)(yan)盤做正、反(fan)(fan)方(fang)向的(de)(de)回轉運(yun)動。先順(shun)時(shi)針回轉180°,再(zai)逆時(shi)針回轉90°,如此反(fan)(fan)復地進行。一(yi)般回轉10余次后(hou)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)劑中(zhong)的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)粒便已(yi)磨(mo)(mo)鈍，故應該經常抬起研(yan)(yan)盤來添新(xin)的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)壓力要均勻(yun)，且不宜過(guo)大。粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)時(shi)壓力可(ke)大些，精研(yan)(yan)時(shi)應較小。應注意不要因(yin)施(shi)加壓力使研(yan)(yan)具(ju)局(ju)部脫開(kai)密封平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)一(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間后(hou)，要檢(jian)查工(gong)件的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)。此時(shi)可(ke)取出研(yan)(yan)具(ju)，用(yong)丙酮或汽油將(jiang)密封面(mian)(mian)(mian)擦凈，再(zai)將(jiang)圓盤形的(de)(de)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)輕輕放在(zai)密封面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)并用(yong)手輕輕旋動，取出平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)后(hou)就可(ke)觀察到密封面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)出現的(de)(de)接觸(chu)痕(hen)跡(ji)。當環狀(zhuang)密封面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)均勻(yun)地顯示接觸(chu)痕(hen)跡(ji)，而徑(jing)向最小接觸(chu)寬度(du)與(yu)密封面(mian)(mian)(mian)寬度(du)之比(bi)（即密封面(mian)(mian)(mian)與(yu)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)的(de)(de)吻合(he)度(du)）達到工(gong)藝上(shang)規定的(de)(de)數值(zhi)時(shi)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)就可(ke)認為合(he)格。為了保證檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)準確(que)性，檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)應經常檢(jian)查、修整(zheng)。

②. 閘(zha)板、閥瓣平面密封面的(de)研磨 

  閘板(ban)、閥瓣和閥座的(de)密封平面(mian)(mian)可使(shi)用(yong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)平板(ban)來手工(gong)(gong)(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)平板(ban)平面(mian)(mian)應平整。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)用(yong)平板(ban)分(fen)刻槽(cao)平板(ban)和光滑平板(ban)兩種，如圖4-72所示(shi)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作前，先用(yong)丙酮(tong)或汽(qi)油將研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)平板(ban)的(de)表面(mian)(mian)擦干凈，然(ran)后在平板(ban)上均勻、適量(liang)地涂一(yi)層研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑，把需研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件表面(mian)(mian)貼合(he)在平板(ban)上即開始(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。用(yong)手一(yi)邊旋轉一(yi)邊做(zuo)直線運(yun)動，或做(zuo)“8”字(zi)形運(yun)動。由于研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)運(yun)動方向(xiang)的(de)不(bu)斷(duan)變(bian)更(geng)，使(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)粒(li)不(bu)斷(duan)地在新的(de)方向(xiang)起(qi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削作用(yong)，故可提高研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)效率。圖4-73所示(shi)為(wei)閥體平面(mian)(mian)密封面(mian)(mian)的(de)手工(gong)(gong)(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。

  為了避(bi)免研磨平板的(de)(de)磨耗不均(jun)，不要總是(shi)在平板的(de)(de)中部研磨，應沿平板的(de)(de)全(quan)部表面(mian)上不斷變(bian)換(huan)部位，否則研磨平板將很快失去平面(mian)精度(du)。

  閘(zha)板(ban)(ban)及(ji)有些閥座呈楔狀，密封平(ping)面(mian)圓(yuan)周上的(de)質量不均(jun)，厚(hou)薄(bo)不一(yi)致，容(rong)易(yi)產生偏磨(mo)現象，厚(hou)的(de)一(yi)頭容(rong)易(yi)多磨(mo)，薄(bo)的(de)一(yi)頭會少磨(mo)。所(suo)以，在研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)楔式(shi)閘(zha)板(ban)(ban)密封面(mian)時，應附加一(yi)個平(ping)衡力，使楔式(shi)閘(zha)板(ban)(ban)密封面(mian)均(jun)勻磨(mo)削。圖4-74所(suo)示為楔式(shi)閘(zha)板(ban)(ban)密封面(mian)的(de)整體(ti)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)方法。