在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨在線亞洲日產一區二區:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分為粗(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和拋光等。粗(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為了(le)消(xiao)除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擦傷、壓(ya)痕、蝕(shi)點等缺陷，提(ti)(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平(ping)(ping)整度(du)(du)和降低(di)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)，為密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打(da)下(xia)(xia)基(ji)礎。精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為了(le)消(xiao)除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)紋路，進一(yi)步提(ti)(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)整度(du)(du)和降低(di)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)。拋光的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)降低(di)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)，一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)于粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)Ra在(zai)0.2μm以(yi)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)管粗(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)還(huan)是(shi)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，整個過(guo)程始終貫穿(chuan)提(ti)(ti)起、放下(xia)(xia)、旋轉、往復(fu)(fu)(fu)、輕敲、換向(xiang)等操作相結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程。其目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)避免(mian)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒軌(gui)跡重復(fu)(fu)(fu)，使(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)得到(dao)均(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)，提(ti)(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)整度(du)(du)，降低(di)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)。在(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)始終貫穿(chuan)著檢驗過(guo)程，其目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)隨時掌握研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)情況(kuang)，做到(dao)心中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)數(shu)，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質(zhi)量達(da)到(dao)技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。在(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，清潔工作是(shi)很重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環節，應(ying)(ying)(ying)做到(dao)“三(san)不(bu)(bu)落地(di)(di)(di)”，即(ji)(ji)被研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)件不(bu)(bu)落地(di)(di)(di)、工具不(bu)(bu)落地(di)(di)(di)、物(wu)料不(bu)(bu)落地(di)(di)(di)；“三(san)不(bu)(bu)見天”，即(ji)(ji)顯(xian)示劑用(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)上(shang)蓋(gai)(gai)、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑用(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)上(shang)蓋(gai)(gai)、稀(xi)釋劑（液(ye)）用(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)上(shang)蓋(gai)(gai)；“三(san)干凈”，即(ji)(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具用(yong)(yong)前要(yao)(yao)(yao)抹洗干凈、密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)清洗干凈、更換研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑時研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具和密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)抹洗干凈。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意檢查研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具不(bu)(bu)與(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外(wai)任何疤點臺肩相摩擦，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具運動平(ping)(ping)穩，保證研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質(zhi)量。經(jing)過(guo)滲(shen)氨(an)、滲(shen)硼等表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時要(yao)(yao)(yao)小心謹慎，因為滲(shen)透(tou)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)(du)隨著研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)量增大而明(ming)顯(xian)下(xia)(xia)降，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)量應(ying)(ying)(ying)盡量小，最好進行拋光使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，至(zhi)少(shao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)(hou)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，如達(da)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，就將殘存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透(tou)層磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)掉，重新滲(shen)透(tou)處(chu)(chu)理(li)，恢復(fu)(fu)(fu)原(yuan)(yuan)有(you)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)。用(yong)(yong)于深冷(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥門密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)經(jing)過(guo)深冷(leng)(leng)定型處(chu)(chu)理(li)后(hou)(hou)再研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，否則，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)經(jing)深冷(leng)(leng)就會變形。深冷(leng)(leng)處(chu)(chu)理(li)可在(zai)液(ye)氨(an)中(zhong)(zhong)進行。刀型密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)般寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)為0.5~0.8mm,接(jie)近線密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)(hou)，密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會變寬(kuan)(kuan)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意恢復(fu)(fu)(fu)刀型密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)原(yuan)(yuan)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸，可用(yong)(yong)車削(xue)或研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)刀型密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩(liang)斜(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法恢復(fu)(fu)(fu)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)尺寸。

  研(yan)具使(shi)用后(hou)應(ying)進行(xing)一(yi)次檢查(cha)，對平整(zheng)(zheng)度不(bu)高的平面要修理好，并應(ying)清洗(xi)干凈，保持(chi)完整(zheng)(zheng)。要分門別類地把研(yan)磨(mo)工(gong)具擺放(fang)在工(gong)具箱內，以便以后(hou)使(shi)用。

  研磨(mo)(mo)分平面密(mi)封(feng)面研磨(mo)(mo)、錐形(xing)密(mi)封(feng)面研磨(mo)(mo)、圓(yuan)弧密(mi)封(feng)面研磨(mo)(mo)、圓(yuan)柱體密(mi)封(feng)面研磨(mo)(mo)等(deng)幾(ji)種。

①. 閥(fa)體平面密封面的研(yan)磨 

  閥(fa)(fa)體(ti)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)平(ping)面位于閥(fa)(fa)體(ti)內腔，研(yan)磨(mo)比較困難。通常使用(yong)帶方(fang)孔的(de)圓盤(pan)狀研(yan)磨(mo)工具，放(fang)在內腔的(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面上(shang)，再用(yong)帶方(fang)頭的(de)長柄手把來帶動研(yan)盤(pan)運動。研(yan)盤(pan)上(shang)有圓柱凸臺或引(yin)導墊(dian)片，以防止(zhi)在研(yan)磨(mo)過程中研(yan)具局部離開(kai)環狀密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面而造成(cheng)研(yan)磨(mo)不勻的(de)現象。圖4-71為閘閥(fa)(fa)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面的(de)手工研(yan)磨(mo)。

  研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)前應(ying)將(jiang)研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)丙酮或(huo)汽(qi)油(you)擦(ca)凈，并去除閥體密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)飛邊、毛刺，再(zai)在密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)涂敷一(yi)層研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)放(fang)入(ru)閥體內腔時(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)仔細地(di)(di)貼合(he)(he)在密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)，然后(hou)(hou)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)長柄手把使研(yan)(yan)(yan)盤做正、反(fan)方向的(de)回轉運(yun)動。先順時(shi)(shi)(shi)針回轉180°,再(zai)逆時(shi)(shi)(shi)針回轉90°,如(ru)此反(fan)復地(di)(di)進(jin)行。一(yi)般(ban)回轉10余次后(hou)(hou)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑中的(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)粒便已(yi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)鈍，故應(ying)該(gai)經常(chang)(chang)抬起(qi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)盤來添新的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)壓(ya)力(li)要(yao)(yao)均勻，且(qie)不宜(yi)過(guo)大(da)。粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)力(li)可大(da)些，精研(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)較小。應(ying)注(zhu)意不要(yao)(yao)因(yin)施加壓(ya)力(li)使研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)局部脫開密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)一(yi)段時(shi)(shi)(shi)間后(hou)(hou)，要(yao)(yao)檢(jian)查工(gong)件(jian)的(de)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)度。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)可取出(chu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)丙酮或(huo)汽(qi)油(you)將(jiang)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)擦(ca)凈，再(zai)將(jiang)圓盤形的(de)檢(jian)驗平(ping)(ping)板(ban)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)放(fang)在密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)并用(yong)(yong)(yong)手輕(qing)(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)旋動，取出(chu)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)后(hou)(hou)就可觀察(cha)到密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)出(chu)現的(de)接觸(chu)痕跡(ji)。當(dang)環狀密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)均勻地(di)(di)顯示接觸(chu)痕跡(ji)，而徑向最小接觸(chu)寬(kuan)度與(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)寬(kuan)度之比（即密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)檢(jian)驗平(ping)(ping)板(ban)的(de)吻(wen)合(he)(he)度）達(da)到工(gong)藝上(shang)規定的(de)數值時(shi)(shi)(shi)，平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)度就可認為合(he)(he)格(ge)。為了保證(zheng)檢(jian)驗的(de)準確性，檢(jian)驗平(ping)(ping)板(ban)應(ying)經常(chang)(chang)檢(jian)查、修整(zheng)。

②. 閘板、閥瓣平(ping)面密封面的研磨(mo) 

  閘(zha)板(ban)、閥(fa)瓣和閥(fa)座的密封(feng)平面(mian)可使用(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)平板(ban)來(lai)手(shou)(shou)工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)平板(ban)平面(mian)應平整。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)用(yong)(yong)平板(ban)分(fen)刻槽平板(ban)和光滑(hua)平板(ban)兩種，如圖4-72所(suo)示。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)工作(zuo)前，先用(yong)(yong)丙酮或汽(qi)油將研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)平板(ban)的表面(mian)擦干凈，然(ran)后(hou)在(zai)平板(ban)上均勻、適(shi)量地涂一層研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑，把需(xu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)的工件表面(mian)貼合(he)在(zai)平板(ban)上即開始研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)。用(yong)(yong)手(shou)(shou)一邊(bian)旋轉一邊(bian)做(zuo)直(zhi)線運(yun)動(dong)，或做(zuo)“8”字形運(yun)動(dong)。由于研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)運(yun)動(dong)方向的不(bu)斷變更，使磨(mo)粒不(bu)斷地在(zai)新的方向起(qi)磨(mo)削作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，故可提高研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)效率(lv)。圖4-73所(suo)示為閥(fa)體平面(mian)密封(feng)面(mian)的手(shou)(shou)工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)。

  為了(le)避(bi)免研磨(mo)平板的磨(mo)耗不(bu)均，不(bu)要(yao)總是在平板的中(zhong)部(bu)研磨(mo)，應沿平板的全(quan)部(bu)表面上(shang)不(bu)斷變換部(bu)位，否(fou)則研磨(mo)平板將很快失去平面精度。

  閘(zha)板及有(you)些閥座呈楔(xie)(xie)狀，密封平(ping)面圓周上的質量(liang)不均，厚薄(bo)不一(yi)致(zhi)，容易產生偏磨(mo)(mo)現象，厚的一(yi)頭(tou)容易多磨(mo)(mo)，薄(bo)的一(yi)頭(tou)會(hui)少(shao)磨(mo)(mo)。所以，在研磨(mo)(mo)楔(xie)(xie)式閘(zha)板密封面時，應附加一(yi)個平(ping)衡力，使楔(xie)(xie)式閘(zha)板密封面均勻磨(mo)(mo)削。圖4-74所示為楔(xie)(xie)式閘(zha)板密封面的整體(ti)研磨(mo)(mo)方法。