在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨在線亞洲日產一區二區:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)(he)(he)拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)等(deng)(deng)。粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了消除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擦(ca)(ca)傷、壓痕、蝕點(dian)等(deng)(deng)缺(que)陷，提高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平整(zheng)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)降(jiang)低粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打下基礎。精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了消除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)紋(wen)路(lu)，進一(yi)步提高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平整(zheng)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)降(jiang)低粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)。拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)降(jiang)低密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)，一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)Ra在(zai)0.2μm以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)管粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，整(zheng)個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始(shi)終(zhong)貫穿提起、放下、旋轉、往復(fu)、輕敲、換向等(deng)(deng)操(cao)作相結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。其目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)避免磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒(li)軌(gui)跡重(zhong)復(fu)，使(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)得到(dao)(dao)均勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)，提高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平整(zheng)度(du)，降(jiang)低粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)。在(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)始(shi)終(zhong)貫穿著(zhu)(zhu)檢驗過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，其目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)隨時(shi)掌握研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)情況，做到(dao)(dao)心中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)數，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量(liang)達到(dao)(dao)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。在(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，清潔工作是(shi)(shi)很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環節，應做到(dao)(dao)“三(san)不(bu)落地(di)(di)”，即(ji)被研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)件不(bu)落地(di)(di)、工具(ju)不(bu)落地(di)(di)、物料(liao)不(bu)落地(di)(di)；“三(san)不(bu)見天”，即(ji)顯示(shi)劑(ji)用(yong)(yong)后(hou)上(shang)蓋(gai)、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)用(yong)(yong)后(hou)上(shang)蓋(gai)、稀釋劑(ji)（液(ye)）用(yong)(yong)后(hou)上(shang)蓋(gai)；“三(san)干凈(jing)”，即(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)用(yong)(yong)前要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)抹(mo)洗(xi)干凈(jing)、密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)清洗(xi)干凈(jing)、更(geng)換研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)時(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)和(he)(he)(he)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)抹(mo)洗(xi)干凈(jing)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)(zhong)應注意檢查(cha)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)不(bu)與(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外任何疤點(dian)臺肩相摩擦(ca)(ca)，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)運動平穩，保(bao)證研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量(liang)。經過(guo)滲(shen)(shen)氨、滲(shen)(shen)硼等(deng)(deng)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)小心謹慎，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)滲(shen)(shen)透層的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)隨著(zhu)(zhu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)量(liang)增大而明顯下降(jiang)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)量(liang)應盡量(liang)小，最好進行(xing)拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，至少要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，如達不(bu)到(dao)(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，就(jiu)將(jiang)殘存的(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)(shen)透層磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)掉，重(zhong)新(xin)滲(shen)(shen)透處(chu)理(li)，恢復(fu)原有(you)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)深(shen)(shen)冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)門(men)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)經過(guo)深(shen)(shen)冷定型(xing)處(chu)理(li)后(hou)再研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，否則，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)經深(shen)(shen)冷就(jiu)會(hui)變(bian)形。深(shen)(shen)冷處(chu)理(li)可在(zai)液(ye)氨中(zhong)(zhong)進行(xing)。刀(dao)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)般寬度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.5~0.8mm,接近線密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)，密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會(hui)變(bian)寬，應注意恢復(fu)刀(dao)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)原有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸，可用(yong)(yong)車削(xue)或研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)刀(dao)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)恢復(fu)寬度(du)尺寸。

  研(yan)具使(shi)(shi)用后應(ying)進行(xing)一(yi)次檢查，對平整度不高的平面(mian)要(yao)修(xiu)理好，并應(ying)清洗(xi)干(gan)凈，保持完整。要(yao)分門別類地把研(yan)磨工具擺放在工具箱內，以便以后使(shi)(shi)用。

  研(yan)磨分平(ping)面(mian)(mian)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)研(yan)磨、錐形密(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)研(yan)磨、圓(yuan)弧密(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)研(yan)磨、圓(yuan)柱體密(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)研(yan)磨等幾種。

①. 閥體平面密封面的研磨 

  閥體密(mi)封(feng)平面(mian)位于閥體內腔(qiang)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)比較困難。通常使用帶(dai)方(fang)孔的圓盤狀研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)工(gong)具，放在(zai)內腔(qiang)的密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)上，再用帶(dai)方(fang)頭的長柄(bing)手(shou)把來帶(dai)動研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)盤運動。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)盤上有圓柱(zhu)凸臺(tai)或引導墊(dian)片，以防止在(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)過(guo)程中研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具局部離開環狀密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)而造成研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)不勻的現象。圖4-71為閘(zha)閥密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)的手(shou)工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)。

  研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)前應(ying)將研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)工作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)丙(bing)酮或(huo)汽(qi)油擦凈，并去除閥體(ti)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛(fei)邊、毛刺，再(zai)在(zai)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)涂敷(fu)一層研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)放入(ru)閥體(ti)內腔時(shi)，要(yao)仔細地(di)貼合在(zai)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)，然后(hou)采用(yong)長(chang)柄手把(ba)使研(yan)(yan)(yan)盤做正、反(fan)方向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)轉運動(dong)。先(xian)順時(shi)針回(hui)(hui)轉180°,再(zai)逆時(shi)針回(hui)(hui)轉90°,如此(ci)反(fan)復地(di)進(jin)行。一般回(hui)(hui)轉10余次后(hou)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)粒便已磨(mo)鈍，故應(ying)該經(jing)常抬起研(yan)(yan)(yan)盤來添(tian)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)要(yao)均勻(yun)，且(qie)不(bu)宜過大。粗研(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)壓(ya)力(li)可大些，精研(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)應(ying)較小。應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)不(bu)要(yao)因(yin)施加壓(ya)力(li)使研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)局(ju)部脫開密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)一段時(shi)間后(hou)，要(yao)檢查工件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)(du)。此(ci)時(shi)可取出研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)，用(yong)丙(bing)酮或(huo)汽(qi)油將密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)擦凈，再(zai)將圓盤形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢驗平(ping)板(ban)(ban)輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)放在(zai)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)并用(yong)手輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)旋動(dong)，取出平(ping)板(ban)(ban)后(hou)就可觀察(cha)到(dao)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接觸痕(hen)跡(ji)。當環狀密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)均勻(yun)地(di)顯示接觸痕(hen)跡(ji)，而(er)徑向最小接觸寬度(du)(du)與密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)寬度(du)(du)之比（即密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)與檢驗平(ping)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吻合度(du)(du)）達到(dao)工藝上(shang)規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值時(shi)，平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)(du)就可認為(wei)(wei)合格(ge)。為(wei)(wei)了保證檢驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)確(que)性，檢驗平(ping)板(ban)(ban)應(ying)經(jing)常檢查、修整(zheng)。

②. 閘板、閥瓣平(ping)面密封(feng)面的研磨(mo) 

  閘板(ban)、閥(fa)瓣和閥(fa)座(zuo)的密封(feng)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)可(ke)使(shi)用(yong)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)平板(ban)來手(shou)(shou)工研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)平板(ban)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)應平整。研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)用(yong)平板(ban)分刻槽平板(ban)和光滑平板(ban)兩種，如圖(tu)4-72所示。研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)工作前(qian)，先用(yong)丙酮或汽油將研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)平板(ban)的表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)擦干凈，然后在(zai)平板(ban)上均勻、適量地(di)涂一層研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)，把需研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)的工件表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)貼合在(zai)平板(ban)上即(ji)開始研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。用(yong)手(shou)(shou)一邊(bian)旋轉一邊(bian)做直線運動(dong)，或做“8”字形運動(dong)。由于研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)運動(dong)方向的不斷(duan)變(bian)更，使(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)粒不斷(duan)地(di)在(zai)新的方向起磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)作用(yong)，故(gu)可(ke)提高研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)效率。圖(tu)4-73所示為(wei)閥(fa)體平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)密封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的手(shou)(shou)工研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。

  為(wei)了避免研磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)的磨(mo)耗不均，不要總是在平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)的中(zhong)部(bu)研磨(mo)，應沿平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)的全部(bu)表(biao)面上不斷變換部(bu)位，否則研磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)將很(hen)快失(shi)去平(ping)(ping)面精度(du)。

  閘(zha)板及有(you)些閥座呈楔(xie)(xie)狀，密封平面(mian)圓周上的質(zhi)量不均，厚(hou)薄(bo)不一(yi)致(zhi)，容(rong)(rong)易產生偏磨現象，厚(hou)的一(yi)頭容(rong)(rong)易多(duo)磨，薄(bo)的一(yi)頭會少磨。所以，在研磨楔(xie)(xie)式(shi)閘(zha)板密封面(mian)時，應附(fu)加(jia)一(yi)個平衡力，使楔(xie)(xie)式(shi)閘(zha)板密封面(mian)均勻(yun)磨削。圖4-74所示為楔(xie)(xie)式(shi)閘(zha)板密封面(mian)的整體研磨方法(fa)。