在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨在線亞洲日產一區二區:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分為(wei)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)等(deng)(deng)。粗(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是為(wei)了消(xiao)除(chu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)擦傷、壓痕、蝕點(dian)等(deng)(deng)缺陷，提(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平整(zheng)(zheng)度和降低(di)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度，為(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打下基礎。精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是為(wei)了消(xiao)除(chu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)紋路(lu)，進一(yi)步提(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平整(zheng)(zheng)度和降低(di)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度。拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是降低(di)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度，一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度Ra在0.2μm以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)管粗(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)還是精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，整(zheng)(zheng)個過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)始(shi)終(zhong)貫穿提(ti)起、放(fang)下、旋轉、往(wang)復、輕(qing)敲(qiao)、換向等(deng)(deng)操作(zuo)相結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。其目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是避免磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒軌(gui)跡重復，使(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)得到(dao)均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削，提(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平整(zheng)(zheng)度，降低(di)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)始(shi)終(zhong)貫穿著檢驗過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，其目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是隨時(shi)掌握研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)情況，做(zuo)到(dao)心中(zhong)有(you)數，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質(zhi)量達到(dao)技術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，清潔工作(zuo)是很重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環節，應(ying)做(zuo)到(dao)“三(san)不(bu)落(luo)地(di)(di)(di)”，即(ji)被研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)件(jian)不(bu)落(luo)地(di)(di)(di)、工具不(bu)落(luo)地(di)(di)(di)、物料(liao)不(bu)落(luo)地(di)(di)(di)；“三(san)不(bu)見天”，即(ji)顯(xian)示劑用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)上蓋、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)上蓋、稀(xi)釋(shi)劑（液(ye)）用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)上蓋；“三(san)干凈”，即(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)抹洗(xi)干凈、密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)清洗(xi)干凈、更換研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑時(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具和密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)抹洗(xi)干凈。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)檢查研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具不(bu)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外任何疤點(dian)臺肩相摩擦，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具運動平穩，保證研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質(zhi)量。經(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)滲(shen)(shen)氨(an)、滲(shen)(shen)硼(peng)等(deng)(deng)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)小(xiao)心謹慎，因(yin)為(wei)滲(shen)(shen)透層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度隨著研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)量增大而明顯(xian)下降，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削量應(ying)盡量小(xiao)，最好(hao)進行(xing)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，至(zhi)少要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，如達不(bu)到(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，就將殘存的(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)(shen)透層(ceng)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)掉，重新滲(shen)(shen)透處(chu)理(li)，恢復原(yuan)有(you)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)深(shen)冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥門密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)深(shen)冷定型(xing)處(chu)理(li)后(hou)(hou)(hou)再研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，否則(ze)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)經(jing)深(shen)冷就會(hui)變(bian)形。深(shen)冷處(chu)理(li)可在液(ye)氨(an)中(zhong)進行(xing)。刀(dao)(dao)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)般寬(kuan)度為(wei)0.5~0.8mm,接近線(xian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會(hui)變(bian)寬(kuan)，應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)恢復刀(dao)(dao)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)原(yuan)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)車削或(huo)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)刀(dao)(dao)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩斜(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)恢復寬(kuan)度尺寸(cun)。

  研(yan)具使用后應進行一次(ci)檢查，對平整(zheng)度不高的平面要修(xiu)理(li)好，并(bing)應清(qing)洗干(gan)凈，保持完(wan)整(zheng)。要分(fen)門別類(lei)地把研(yan)磨工(gong)具擺放(fang)在(zai)工(gong)具箱內，以便以后使用。

  研磨(mo)(mo)分(fen)平面密封(feng)(feng)面研磨(mo)(mo)、錐形密封(feng)(feng)面研磨(mo)(mo)、圓(yuan)弧密封(feng)(feng)面研磨(mo)(mo)、圓(yuan)柱體密封(feng)(feng)面研磨(mo)(mo)等幾(ji)種。

①. 閥體平面密封面的研(yan)磨 

  閥(fa)體密(mi)封平面(mian)位(wei)于(yu)閥(fa)體內(nei)腔，研(yan)(yan)磨比較(jiao)困難。通常使用帶方孔的(de)(de)圓(yuan)盤狀(zhuang)研(yan)(yan)磨工具，放在(zai)內(nei)腔的(de)(de)密(mi)封面(mian)上，再(zai)用帶方頭的(de)(de)長柄(bing)手(shou)(shou)把來帶動研(yan)(yan)盤運動。研(yan)(yan)盤上有(you)圓(yuan)柱凸臺或引導墊片，以(yi)防止在(zai)研(yan)(yan)磨過程(cheng)中研(yan)(yan)具局(ju)部離開環狀(zhuang)密(mi)封面(mian)而(er)造成(cheng)研(yan)(yan)磨不勻的(de)(de)現象。圖(tu)4-71為(wei)閘(zha)閥(fa)密(mi)封面(mian)的(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)工研(yan)(yan)磨。

  研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨前應(ying)將(jiang)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)工(gong)作面(mian)用(yong)(yong)丙(bing)酮或(huo)汽油擦凈，并去除閥(fa)體(ti)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛(fei)邊、毛刺，再在密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)上(shang)涂敷一(yi)層研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)放入閥(fa)體(ti)內腔時，要仔細地(di)貼(tie)合(he)(he)在密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)上(shang)，然(ran)后采用(yong)(yong)長柄手(shou)把使研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)盤(pan)做正、反方向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)轉(zhuan)運(yun)動。先順時針(zhen)回(hui)轉(zhuan)180°,再逆(ni)時針(zhen)回(hui)轉(zhuan)90°,如(ru)此(ci)反復(fu)地(di)進行(xing)。一(yi)般回(hui)轉(zhuan)10余次后研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨劑中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨粒便已磨鈍，故應(ying)該(gai)經常抬起(qi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)盤(pan)來添新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)力要均(jun)勻，且(qie)不(bu)宜(yi)過(guo)大(da)。粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時壓(ya)(ya)力可(ke)大(da)些(xie)，精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時應(ying)較小(xiao)。應(ying)注意不(bu)要因施加壓(ya)(ya)力使研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)局部脫開(kai)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)平面(mian)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨一(yi)段時間后，要檢(jian)查(cha)工(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平面(mian)度(du)。此(ci)時可(ke)取出研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)，用(yong)(yong)丙(bing)酮或(huo)汽油將(jiang)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)擦凈，再將(jiang)圓盤(pan)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)驗(yan)平板(ban)輕輕放在密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)上(shang)并用(yong)(yong)手(shou)輕輕旋動，取出平板(ban)后就可(ke)觀察(cha)到(dao)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)上(shang)出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接觸(chu)(chu)痕跡。當環狀密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)上(shang)均(jun)勻地(di)顯(xian)示接觸(chu)(chu)痕跡，而(er)徑向(xiang)最小(xiao)接觸(chu)(chu)寬度(du)與(yu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)寬度(du)之(zhi)比（即密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)與(yu)檢(jian)驗(yan)平板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吻(wen)合(he)(he)度(du)）達到(dao)工(gong)藝(yi)上(shang)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數值時，平面(mian)度(du)就可(ke)認為(wei)合(he)(he)格(ge)。為(wei)了(le)保證檢(jian)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確性(xing)，檢(jian)驗(yan)平板(ban)應(ying)經常檢(jian)查(cha)、修整。

②. 閘板(ban)、閥瓣平面(mian)(mian)密(mi)封面(mian)(mian)的研磨(mo) 

  閘板(ban)、閥(fa)瓣和閥(fa)座的密(mi)封平(ping)(ping)面可使用(yong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)來手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)平(ping)(ping)面應平(ping)(ping)整。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)用(yong)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)分刻(ke)槽平(ping)(ping)板(ban)和光滑平(ping)(ping)板(ban)兩種(zhong)，如圖4-72所示。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)工作(zuo)前，先(xian)用(yong)丙酮或汽油(you)將(jiang)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)的表(biao)面擦干凈，然后在(zai)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)上(shang)均勻(yun)、適量地涂一層研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑，把(ba)需研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的工件表(biao)面貼合在(zai)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)上(shang)即開始研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。用(yong)手一邊旋轉(zhuan)一邊做直線運動，或做“8”字形運動。由(you)于研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)運動方(fang)向的不斷(duan)變更，使磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒不斷(duan)地在(zai)新的方(fang)向起(qi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削作(zuo)用(yong)，故可提高(gao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)效率。圖4-73所示為閥(fa)體平(ping)(ping)面密(mi)封面的手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。

  為了(le)避免研(yan)(yan)磨平板(ban)的(de)磨耗不均(jun)，不要總是在平板(ban)的(de)中部(bu)研(yan)(yan)磨，應沿平板(ban)的(de)全(quan)部(bu)表面上(shang)不斷變換(huan)部(bu)位，否則(ze)研(yan)(yan)磨平板(ban)將很(hen)快(kuai)失去平面精度。

  閘(zha)板及有些閥座(zuo)呈楔(xie)狀，密(mi)封(feng)平面(mian)圓周上(shang)的(de)(de)質量不(bu)均(jun)，厚薄(bo)(bo)不(bu)一(yi)致，容易產生偏磨現象，厚的(de)(de)一(yi)頭(tou)容易多磨，薄(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)一(yi)頭(tou)會少磨。所(suo)以，在(zai)研(yan)磨楔(xie)式(shi)(shi)閘(zha)板密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)時，應附加一(yi)個平衡力，使楔(xie)式(shi)(shi)閘(zha)板密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)均(jun)勻磨削。圖4-74所(suo)示為楔(xie)式(shi)(shi)閘(zha)板密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)的(de)(de)整體(ti)研(yan)磨方法。