在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨在線亞洲日產一區二區:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和拋(pao)(pao)光等。粗(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了消除密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擦(ca)傷、壓痕、蝕(shi)點(dian)等缺陷，提(ti)高(gao)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平整(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)和降(jiang)低粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打下(xia)基礎(chu)。精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了消除密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)紋路，進(jin)一步(bu)提(ti)高(gao)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平整(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)和降(jiang)低粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)。拋(pao)(pao)光的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)降(jiang)低密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)，一般(ban)用(yong)于粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)Ra在(zai)0.2μm以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)管粗(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)還是(shi)(shi)精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，整(zheng)個過(guo)程始終貫(guan)穿提(ti)起、放(fang)下(xia)、旋轉、往復(fu)、輕敲、換向等操作相結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程。其目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)避免磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒軌跡重(zhong)(zhong)復(fu)，使(shi)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)得到(dao)均勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)，提(ti)高(gao)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平整(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)，降(jiang)低粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)。在(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)始終貫(guan)穿著檢(jian)驗過(guo)程，其目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)隨(sui)時(shi)掌握(wo)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)情況，做到(dao)心(xin)中(zhong)有數，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量達到(dao)技術要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。在(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程中(zhong)，清潔工作是(shi)(shi)很重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環節，應(ying)做到(dao)“三不(bu)(bu)落地(di)”，即(ji)被研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)件不(bu)(bu)落地(di)、工具(ju)不(bu)(bu)落地(di)、物(wu)料不(bu)(bu)落地(di)；“三不(bu)(bu)見(jian)天(tian)”，即(ji)顯示劑(ji)用(yong)后(hou)上(shang)蓋(gai)、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)用(yong)后(hou)上(shang)蓋(gai)、稀釋(shi)劑(ji)（液）用(yong)后(hou)上(shang)蓋(gai)；“三干(gan)凈”，即(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)用(yong)前要(yao)(yao)抹洗(xi)干(gan)凈、密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)清洗(xi)干(gan)凈、更換研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)時(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)和密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)抹洗(xi)干(gan)凈。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)應(ying)注意檢(jian)查研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)不(bu)(bu)與密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外任何(he)疤點(dian)臺(tai)肩相摩擦(ca)，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)運動平穩(wen)，保證研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量。經(jing)過(guo)滲(shen)氨、滲(shen)硼等表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)小(xiao)心(xin)謹慎，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)滲(shen)透(tou)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)隨(sui)著研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)量增(zeng)大(da)而明顯下(xia)降(jiang)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)量應(ying)盡量小(xiao)，最好進(jin)行(xing)(xing)拋(pao)(pao)光使(shi)用(yong)，至少要(yao)(yao)精(jing)(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)使(shi)用(yong)，如達不(bu)(bu)到(dao)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，就將(jiang)殘存的(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透(tou)層磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)掉(diao)，重(zhong)(zhong)新滲(shen)透(tou)處(chu)(chu)理(li)，恢復(fu)原有密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能。用(yong)于深(shen)冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥門密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)經(jing)過(guo)深(shen)冷定型(xing)處(chu)(chu)理(li)后(hou)再研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，否(fou)則(ze)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一經(jing)深(shen)冷就會變形。深(shen)冷處(chu)(chu)理(li)可在(zai)液氨中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。刀(dao)型(xing)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一般(ban)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.5~0.8mm,接近線密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)，密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會變寬(kuan)(kuan)，應(ying)注意恢復(fu)刀(dao)型(xing)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)原有的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)，可用(yong)車削(xue)(xue)或研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)刀(dao)型(xing)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法恢復(fu)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)(du)尺寸(cun)。

  研(yan)具使(shi)用后(hou)(hou)應進行一次檢查，對平整度(du)不(bu)高的平面要(yao)修理好(hao)，并應清洗干(gan)凈，保(bao)持完整。要(yao)分門(men)別(bie)類地(di)把研(yan)磨工具擺放在工具箱內，以便(bian)以后(hou)(hou)使(shi)用。

  研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)分平面密(mi)封面研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)、錐形密(mi)封面研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)、圓弧密(mi)封面研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)、圓柱體密(mi)封面研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)等幾種。

①. 閥體平面(mian)密封(feng)面(mian)的研磨 

  閥(fa)體密封平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)位于(yu)閥(fa)體內腔，研磨(mo)比較困難。通常使用帶方孔的(de)(de)圓盤狀研磨(mo)工(gong)具(ju)，放(fang)在(zai)內腔的(de)(de)密封面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)，再用帶方頭的(de)(de)長(chang)柄手(shou)把來(lai)帶動(dong)研盤運動(dong)。研盤上(shang)有圓柱凸臺或引導墊(dian)片，以防(fang)止在(zai)研磨(mo)過程中研具(ju)局部離開環狀密封面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)而(er)造成研磨(mo)不勻的(de)(de)現象。圖4-71為閘閥(fa)密封面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)手(shou)工(gong)研磨(mo)。

  研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)前(qian)應將研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)工作面(mian)(mian)用丙(bing)酮或(huo)汽油(you)擦(ca)凈，并去除閥體(ti)(ti)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)飛邊、毛刺，再(zai)(zai)(zai)在密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)涂(tu)敷一(yi)層(ceng)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)放(fang)入閥體(ti)(ti)內腔時(shi)(shi)，要(yao)仔細地貼合(he)(he)在密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)，然后(hou)采用長柄手把使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)盤做正、反方(fang)向(xiang)的(de)(de)回轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運動(dong)。先(xian)順時(shi)(shi)針(zhen)回轉(zhuan)(zhuan)180°,再(zai)(zai)(zai)逆時(shi)(shi)針(zhen)回轉(zhuan)(zhuan)90°,如此(ci)反復(fu)地進行。一(yi)般回轉(zhuan)(zhuan)10余(yu)次后(hou)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑中的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)粒便已磨(mo)(mo)(mo)鈍，故(gu)應該經(jing)常抬起研(yan)(yan)(yan)盤來(lai)添新的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)要(yao)均勻，且不宜過(guo)大。粗研(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)壓(ya)力(li)可(ke)大些，精研(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)應較小。應注意不要(yao)因施加壓(ya)力(li)使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)局(ju)部脫開密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)一(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間后(hou)，要(yao)檢(jian)查工件的(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)度(du)(du)。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)取(qu)出(chu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)，用丙(bing)酮或(huo)汽油(you)將密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)擦(ca)凈，再(zai)(zai)(zai)將圓盤形的(de)(de)檢(jian)驗平(ping)板(ban)(ban)輕輕放(fang)在密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)并用手輕輕旋動(dong)，取(qu)出(chu)平(ping)板(ban)(ban)后(hou)就可(ke)觀察(cha)到(dao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)出(chu)現的(de)(de)接觸(chu)痕(hen)跡(ji)(ji)。當(dang)環狀密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)均勻地顯示(shi)接觸(chu)痕(hen)跡(ji)(ji)，而(er)徑向(xiang)最小接觸(chu)寬度(du)(du)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)寬度(du)(du)之(zhi)比（即(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)與檢(jian)驗平(ping)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)吻合(he)(he)度(du)(du)）達到(dao)工藝上(shang)(shang)規定(ding)的(de)(de)數值時(shi)(shi)，平(ping)面(mian)(mian)度(du)(du)就可(ke)認(ren)為(wei)合(he)(he)格。為(wei)了保證檢(jian)驗的(de)(de)準(zhun)確性，檢(jian)驗平(ping)板(ban)(ban)應經(jing)常檢(jian)查、修整。

②. 閘(zha)板、閥瓣平面(mian)密封面(mian)的研磨 

  閘板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、閥(fa)瓣和閥(fa)座的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封平(ping)(ping)面(mian)可使用(yong)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)來(lai)手工研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)應平(ping)(ping)整。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)用(yong)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)分刻(ke)槽(cao)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和光滑平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)兩種，如圖4-72所示。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)工作前，先用(yong)丙酮或汽(qi)油(you)將研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)表面(mian)擦(ca)干凈，然后在(zai)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上均勻、適量地涂一層(ceng)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑(ji)，把需研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)的(de)(de)工件表面(mian)貼合在(zai)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上即開(kai)始研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)。用(yong)手一邊旋轉一邊做(zuo)(zuo)直線(xian)運(yun)動(dong)，或做(zuo)(zuo)“8”字形運(yun)動(dong)。由于(yu)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)運(yun)動(dong)方(fang)向(xiang)的(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)變更，使磨(mo)粒不(bu)斷(duan)地在(zai)新的(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)起磨(mo)削作用(yong)，故(gu)可提(ti)高研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)效率(lv)。圖4-73所示為閥(fa)體平(ping)(ping)面(mian)密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)的(de)(de)手工研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)。

  為(wei)了避免研磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)的(de)磨(mo)耗(hao)不均，不要總是在平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)的(de)中部(bu)研磨(mo)，應沿平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)的(de)全(quan)部(bu)表(biao)面(mian)上不斷(duan)變換(huan)部(bu)位(wei)，否(fou)則研磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)將很快失去平(ping)(ping)面(mian)精(jing)度。

  閘板(ban)及有些(xie)閥座呈楔狀(zhuang)，密(mi)(mi)封(feng)平面圓周上的(de)(de)質(zhi)量不均，厚(hou)薄(bo)不一致(zhi)，容易產生(sheng)偏磨(mo)現象，厚(hou)的(de)(de)一頭容易多磨(mo)，薄(bo)的(de)(de)一頭會少(shao)磨(mo)。所以，在(zai)研磨(mo)楔式閘板(ban)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面時，應(ying)附加一個(ge)平衡力(li)，使楔式閘板(ban)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面均勻磨(mo)削。圖4-74所示為楔式閘板(ban)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面的(de)(de)整(zheng)體研磨(mo)方法(fa)。