點焊工件只在有限的接觸面上即所謂“點”上被焊接起來,并形成扁球形的熔核。點焊又分為單點焊和多點焊,多點焊時使用兩對以上的電極,在同一工序內形成多個熔核。點焊方法通常又分為雙面點焊和單面點焊兩大類。雙面點焊時,通常采用搭接接頭和折邊接頭兩種形式(圖6-11).接頭可以由兩個或兩個以上等厚度或不等厚度的工件組成。在設計點焊結構時,必須考慮電極的可達性,即電極必須能方便地抵達構件的焊接部位。同時還應考慮邊距、搭接量、點距、裝配間隔和焊點強度等因素。


圖 11.jpg


  由于不銹鋼的電阻率高、導熱性差,因此與低碳鋼相比,可采用較小的焊接電流和較短的焊接時間。不銹鋼有較高的高溫強度,必須采用較高的電極壓力,以防止產生縮孔、裂紋等缺陷。不銹鋼的熱敏感性強,通常采用較短的焊接時間、強有力的內部和外部水冷卻,并且要準確地控制加熱時間和焊接電流,以防熱影響區晶粒長大和出現晶間腐蝕(shi)現象。點焊不銹鋼的電極推薦用硬度較高的電極合金,滿足高電極壓力的需要。


  馬氏體不銹鋼由于有(you)淬火(huo)傾向,點焊(han)(han)時要求采(cai)用較長焊(han)(han)接時間。為(wei)消除(chu)淬硬組織,最好采(cai)用焊(han)(han)后回火(huo)的雙脈沖點焊(han)(han)。點焊(han)(han)時一般(ban)不采(cai)用電極(ji)的外部水冷卻,以免因(yin)淬火(huo)而(er)產生裂紋。


  單(dan)(dan)(dan)面點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)時,電(dian)極(ji)由工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)一側向焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)處(chu)饋電(dian)。典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)面點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)方式如圖6-12所示。圖中:(a)單(dan)(dan)(dan)面單(dan)(dan)(dan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han),不形(xing)成(cheng)焊(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)極(ji)采用大直(zhi)徑和大接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸面以(yi)減小電(dian)流(liu)(liu)密度(du)。(b)無分流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)面雙(shuang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han),此時焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)全部流(liu)(liu)經(jing)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)區(qu)。(c)有分流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)面雙(shuang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han),流(liu)(liu)經(jing)上(shang)面工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)不經(jing)過焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)區(qu),形(xing)成(cheng)分流(liu)(liu)。為了(le)給焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)提供(gong)低電(dian)阻的(de)(de)(de)通路。在(zai)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)下面墊有銅(tong)墊板。(d)當兩(liang)焊(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)距很大,如在(zai)進行骨架構(gou)件(jian)和復板的(de)(de)(de)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時,為了(le)避免(mian)不適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)加熱引起翹曲和減小兩(liang)電(dian)極(ji)間(jian)電(dian)阻,采用了(le)特殊的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)橋A,與電(dian)極(ji)同(tong)(tong)時壓緊在(zai)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)上(shang)。


圖 12.jpg