凡是(shi)兩端開口并具(ju)(ju)有(you)中空斷(duan)(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),而且其長度(du)(du)與(yu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)周(zhou)長之比(bi)(bi)較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai),都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)稱(cheng)為(wei)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)。當長度(du)(du)與(yu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)周(zhou)長之比(bi)(bi)較小時,可(ke)稱(cheng)為(wei)管(guan)(guan)段或(huo)管(guan)(guan)形(xing)配件(jian),它(ta)(ta)們都(dou)屬于管(guan)(guan)材(cai)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)范疇。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)經濟斷(duan)(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai),是(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵工(gong)業(ye)(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項重(zhong)要(yao)產(chan)品,通(tong)常占(zhan)全部(bu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)總量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)8%~16%左右,它(ta)(ta)在國民(min)經濟中的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用范圍極為(wei)廣泛。由于鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)具(ju)(ju)有(you)空心(xin)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),因而最適合(he)作(zuo)液體、氣體和(he)(he)固體的(de)(de)(de)輸送(song)管(guan)(guan)道;同(tong)(tong)時與(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)重(zhong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)圓鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)比(bi)(bi)較,鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)系數(shu)大(da)(da)(da)、抗彎抗扭強度(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da),所以(yi)(yi)也成為(wei)各種(zhong)機(ji)械(xie)和(he)(he)建筑結構(gou)上的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)材(cai)料(liao)。用鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)制成的(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)和(he)(he)部(bu)件(jian),在重(zhong)量(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)等的(de)(de)(de)情況下,比(bi)(bi)實心(xin)零部(bu)件(jian)具(ju)(ju)有(you)更(geng)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)截面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)模數(shu)。所以(yi)(yi),鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)本身就(jiu)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)節(jie)約(yue)金屬的(de)(de)(de)經濟斷(duan)(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai),它(ta)(ta)是(shi)高效鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)要(yao)組成部(bu)分,尤其在石油(you)鉆(zhan)采、冶煉和(he)(he)輸送(song)等行業(ye)(ye)需求(qiu)較大(da)(da)(da),其次地質(zhi)鉆(zhan)探、化工(gong)、建筑工(gong)業(ye)(ye)、機(ji)械(xie)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)、飛機(ji)和(he)(he)汽車(che)制造以(yi)(yi)及鍋爐、醫療器(qi)械(xie)、家(jia)具(ju)(ju)和(he)(he)自(zi)行車(che)制造等方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)也都(dou)需要(yao)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)。近年來,隨(sui)著(zhu)原子能、火箭、導(dao)彈和(he)(he)航天工(gong)業(ye)(ye)等新技術的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展,鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)在國防(fang)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)、科學(xue)技術和(he)(he)經濟建設中的(de)(de)(de)地位愈加重(zhong)要(yao)。


  鋼(gang)管的種類(lei)繁多(duo),用途不同(tong),其(qi)技術(shu)要求各(ge)異,生產(chan)方法亦(yi)有所不同(tong)。目前生產(chan)的鋼(gang)管外徑范圍(wei)0.1~4500mm、壁厚范圍(wei)0.01~250mm.為了區分其(qi)特點,通常按如(ru)下(xia)的方法對鋼(gang)管進行分類(lei)。


1. 按生產方式分類


  鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)按生(sheng)產方式分(fen)為(wei)無(wu)縫(feng)管(guan)(guan)和焊管(guan)(guan)兩大類,無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)又可分(fen)為(wei)熱軋(ya)管(guan)(guan),冷軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)、冷拔(ba)管(guan)(guan)和擠壓管(guan)(guan)等,冷拔(ba)、冷軋(ya)是鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)的二次(ci)加(jia)工;焊管(guan)(guan)分(fen)為(wei)直縫(feng)焊管(guan)(guan)和螺(luo)旋(xuan)焊管(guan)(guan)等。


2. 按鋼管的斷面形狀分類


  鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)按橫(heng)斷(duan)面(mian)形狀可(ke)分(fen)為圓(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)異(yi)形管(guan)(guan)(guan)。異(yi)形管(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)矩形管(guan)(guan)(guan)、菱形管(guan)(guan)(guan)、橢圓(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、六方管(guan)(guan)(guan)、八方管(guan)(guan)(guan)以及各(ge)種(zhong)斷(duan)面(mian)不(bu)對稱管(guan)(guan)(guan)等。異(yi)形管(guan)(guan)(guan)廣泛用于各(ge)種(zhong)結(jie)構件(jian)、工具和(he)機械零部件(jian)。與圓(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)相(xiang)比,異(yi)形管(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)般都有(you)較(jiao)大(da)的慣性矩和(he)截面(mian)模(mo)數,有(you)較(jiao)大(da)的抗彎(wan)、抗扭能力,可(ke)以大(da)大(da)減輕(qing)結(jie)構重量(liang),節約鋼材。


  鋼管按(an)縱斷面(mian)(mian)形狀可分為等斷面(mian)(mian)管和變(bian)斷面(mian)(mian)管。變(bian)斷面(mian)(mian)管有錐形管、階(jie)梯(ti)形管和周期斷面(mian)(mian)管等。


3. 按鋼管的材質分類


  鋼管按材質分為普通碳素鋼管、優質碳素結構鋼管、合金結構管、合金鋼管、軸承鋼管、不銹鋼(gang)管以及為節省貴重金屬和滿足特殊要求的雙金屬復合管、鍍層和涂層管等。


4. 按管端形狀分類


  鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)根據管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)端狀(zhuang)態可分(fen)為光(guang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和車絲(si)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(帶螺(luo)紋(wen)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan))。車絲(si)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又(you)可分(fen)為普(pu)通車絲(si)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(輸(shu)送水、煤氣等低壓用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),采(cai)用(yong)普(pu)通圓(yuan)柱或(huo)圓(yuan)錐管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)螺(luo)紋(wen)連(lian)接)和特殊(shu)螺(luo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(石油、地質鉆探用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),對于(yu)重要的車絲(si)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),采(cai)用(yong)特殊(shu)螺(luo)紋(wen)連(lian)接),對一些特殊(shu)用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),為彌(mi)補螺(luo)紋(wen)對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)端強(qiang)度(du)的影響,通常(chang)在車絲(si)前(qian)先進(jin)行管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)端加厚(內加厚、外(wai)加厚或(huo)內外(wai)加厚)。


5. 按(an)外徑D和壁厚S之(zhi)比(D/S)分類


  按外徑(jing)D和(he)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)厚(hou)(hou)S之比的不同將(jiang)鋼管(guan)分為(wei)特厚(hou)(hou)管(guan)(D/S≤10)、厚(hou)(hou)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)管(guan)(D/S=10~20)、薄壁(bi)(bi)(bi)管(guan)(D/S=20~40)和(he)極薄壁(bi)(bi)(bi)管(guan)(D/S≥40)。


6. 按用途分類


  按用途可分為油井管(guan)(guan)(guan)(套管(guan)(guan)(guan)、油管(guan)(guan)(guan)及鉆桿等(deng))、管(guan)(guan)(guan)線管(guan)(guan)(guan)、鍋爐(lu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、機械(xie)結構(gou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、液壓支(zhi)柱管(guan)(guan)(guan)、氣瓶管(guan)(guan)(guan)、地質(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)用管(guan)(guan)(guan)(高(gao)壓化(hua)(hua)肥管(guan)(guan)(guan)、石油裂化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan))和(he)船舶(bo)用管(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。