本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶間腐(fu)蝕試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧氏體不銹鋼及雙(shuang)相不銹(xiu)鋼生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不銹鋼產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。
1. 淘汰落后的硝酸-氫氟酸法(fa)
我國(guo)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)D法(fa)(fa)(fa)——不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼硝酸(suan)-氫(qing)氟酸(suan)試(shi)(shi)驗法(fa)(fa)(fa)最早于1984年(nian)修改(gai)采(cai)用(yong)自日本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)JIS G 0574-1980。美國(guo)ASTM A262的(de)(de)(de)早期版本(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)包含了(le)硝酸(suan)-氫(qing)氟酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，但在1993年(nian)以后的(de)(de)(de)版本(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)此(ci)法(fa)(fa)(fa)遭(zao)到淘汰(tai)，隨后日本(ben)也(ye)廢(fei)(fei)除了(le)JIS G 0574，因此(ci)當前其他各國(guo)標(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)均無此(ci)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。硝酸(suan)-氫(qing)氟酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有如(ru)下(xia)特點(dian)：不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼在此(ci)試(shi)(shi)驗溶液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)電位處(chu)在活化(hua)(hua)-鈍化(hua)(hua)區(qu)，因此(ci)會(hui)伴有嚴重的(de)(de)(de)全面腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)。所以，試(shi)(shi)樣必(bi)須采(cai)用(yong)參(can)照試(shi)(shi)樣，借助(zhu)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)速(su)率(lv)比值的(de)(de)(de)評定方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)來篩除全面腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)干擾影(ying)響。此(ci)外，試(shi)(shi)驗時的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度為70°C而不(bu)(bu)采(cai)用(yong)沸(fei)騰，控制(zhi)相對(dui)不(bu)(bu)便；試(shi)(shi)驗溶液(ye)含有劇毒(du)的(de)(de)(de)氫(qing)氟酸(suan)，不(bu)(bu)能使用(yong)常規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)璃容(rong)器，而需采(cai)用(yong)耐硝酸(suan)和氫(qing)氟酸(suan)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)特制(zhi)塑料容(rong)器，這些因素(su)都在一定程(cheng)度上影(ying)響了(le)該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，導致(zhi)該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)幾乎(hu)從未(wei)被(bei)廣泛使用(yong)過。由(you)于硝酸(suan)-氫(qing)氟酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)這些特點(dian)，這一方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)在國(guo)標(biao)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)(zhong)名存實亡，因此(ci)更新版標(biao)準(zhun)將(jiang)該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)廢(fei)(fei)除。
2. 新增(zeng)兩個實驗方法使(shi)適用范圍進一步擴(kuo)大
GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不(bu)銹鋼(gang)、316不銹鋼等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。
3. 對(dui)取樣和制備、試(shi)驗報告進行了部分(fen)調整
GB/T 31935-2015及(ji)(ji)GB/T 32571-2016內容中關于(yu)“取(qu)樣和(he)制備”及(ji)(ji)“試(shi)驗(yan)報告”部分參考了(le)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，并同(tong)(tong)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)很(hen)好的改進(jin)，體(ti)現了(le)“先進(jin)性(xing)、科學性(xing)和(he)合理性(xing)”；本次GB/T 4334的修訂在(zai)(zai)“取(qu)樣和(he)制備”及(ji)(ji)“試(shi)驗(yan)報告”部分與(yu)上(shang)述兩(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)適當的等同(tong)(tong)，既保證了(le)本標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的先進(jin)性(xing)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)又使(shi)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)類型不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼的晶(jing)間腐蝕(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)取(qu)樣標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)得到了(le)統一(yi)(yi)。此外，對于(yu)彎曲法(fa)的取(qu)樣根據GB/T 4338-2008標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)在(zai)(zai)實際(ji)使(shi)用過程中遇到的問題以及(ji)(ji)多方意見增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)附注，即(ji)“對于(yu)較厚的試(shi)樣，若無法(fa)彎曲兩(liang)個被(bei)檢(jian)驗(yan)面(mian)，則可(ke)取(qu)兩(liang)組各(ge)(ge)兩(liang)個試(shi)樣。取(qu)樣時(shi)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)出各(ge)(ge)試(shi)樣相同(tong)(tong)的某一(yi)(yi)樣面(mian)。試(shi)驗(yan)后，兩(liang)組試(shi)樣分別(bie)彎曲被(bei)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)面(mian)和(he)未標(biao)(biao)記(ji)面(mian)”，增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的實用性(xing)和(he)可(ke)操作性(xing)。
4. 對(dui)敏化(hua)制(zhi)度進行了(le)部分調(diao)整
早期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)主要為(wei)(wei)美、俄兩個(ge)體系(xi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，其敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)均(jun)為(wei)(wei) 2h，20世紀(ji)70年(nian)代后均(jun)改為(wei)(wei)1h，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)2h偏長。根據合(he)肥(fei)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)機械研究院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)分(fen)析(xi)，8mm左右厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)，正常(chang)焊條(tiao)(tiao)電弧焊試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)約不(bu)超(chao)過(guo)鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)經650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。所(suo)以(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般認為(wei)(wei)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要求(qiu)(qiu)650°C保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)兩小時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較嚴苛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，該參數(shu)最早也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)源自日(ri)(ri)本JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但(dan)日(ri)(ri)標(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)1999年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修訂(ding)版中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與ISO進行了(le)(le)等同(tong)，從(cong)(cong)而(er)將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)大(da)大(da)縮短了(le)(le)。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)低碳和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)奧氏體不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)出(chu)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)后，都另外說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)“根據雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)議(yi)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，而(er)在(zai)(zai)GB/T 4334.1-2000和(he)GB/T 4334.5-2000中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，卻(que)(que)沒有(you)(you)關于(yu)(yu)協(xie)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)款。到了(le)(le)GB/T 4334-2008版中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，則把(ba)所(suo)有(you)(you)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)“對(dui)(dui)超(chao)低碳鋼(gang)（碳含(han)量(liang)不(bu)大(da)于(yu)(yu)0.03%）和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼(gang)種（添加鈦或鈮），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)650℃，壓力(li)(li)加工試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1 h，空冷。”而(er)無供(gong)(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)商(shang)條(tiao)(tiao)款。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，從(cong)(cong)各(ge)工業(ye)企業(ye)反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見(jian)來看，普(pu)遍認為(wei)(wei)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)死板(ban)(ban)，導致試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)(you)任何(he)調整(zheng)空間(jian)(jian)。而(er)實際(ji)上，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)不(bu)同(tong)牌號、不(bu)同(tong)合(he)金(jin)含(han)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)，其第二(er)相(xiang)析(xi)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)差(cha)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)顯然不(bu)夠合(he)理(li)，美國ASTM A262標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍為(wei)(wei)650~675°C，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)允許供(gong)(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)商(shang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)及隨后冷卻(que)(que)方(fang)式(shi)，ISO及日(ri)(ri)本JIS標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提供(gong)(gong)了(le)(le)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇。可(ke)以(yi)說(shuo)，將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)嚴格(ge)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯地違背了(le)(le)科學性原則。 可(ke)以(yi)看到： (1) ASTM A262僅強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)和(he)冷卻(que)(que)方(fang)式(shi)不(bu)作(zuo)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)推(tui)(tui)薦了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即 675°C，保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提供(gong)(gong)了(le)(le)兩種供(gong)(gong)選的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)及冷卻(que)(que)方(fang)式(shi)均(jun)做(zuo)出(chu)了(le)(le)明(ming)(ming)(ming)確規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推(tui)(tui)薦采用(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，但(dan)特(te)別(bie)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)“經供(gong)(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)商(shang)，可(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)其他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)執行一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即“650°C，壓力(li)(li)加試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h，空冷”。 此外，美國ASTM A262在(zai)(zai)銅(tong)-硫酸(suan)銅(tong)-16%硫酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，特(te)別(bie)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)除非需(xu)方(fang)特(te)別(bie)聲明(ming)(ming)(ming)，否則可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A法(fa)(fa)替代本法(fa)(fa)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)提供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，這表明(ming)(ming)(ming) ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)認可(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此，針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)更(geng)新版不(bu)再作(zuo)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)，考慮(lv)到國內長期(qi)以(yi)來一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些設計選材(cai)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連續性要求(qiu)(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)奧氏體不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)維持推(tui)(tui)薦采用(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)雙(shuang)(shuang)相(xiang)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)，已有(you)(you)大(da)量(liang)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和(he)研究表明(ming)(ming)(ming)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)往(wang)往(wang)造成試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)開(kai)裂，從(cong)(cong)而(er)增加大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒定(ding)(ding)(ding)工作(zuo)量(liang)，因(yin)此我(wo)們推(tui)(tui)薦采用(yong)(yong)(yong)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍更(geng)加廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)其他不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)，則規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)“試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)是(shi)(shi)否需(xu)要敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)和(he)采取何(he)種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，由產品標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)或供(gong)(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)商(shang)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)”。
5. 對(dui)65%硝(xiao)酸法所用硝(xiao)酸濃(nong)度(du)添加注釋說明
此前研(yan)究表(biao)明(ming)(ming)，硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)度(du)對試(shi)驗結果影響(xiang)較(jiao)大。對于硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)，老版標準(zhun)有(you)(you)專門說明(ming)(ming)。如(ru)果按(an)(an)要求(qiu)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)65%±0.2%確實比(bi)較(jiao)困難，需要通過滴定(ding)(ding)來配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)，對于企業來說存(cun)在(zai)困難。更(geng)新(xin)版標準(zhun)將在(zai)文末(mo)添加“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以(yi)表(biao)示(shi)可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)比(bi)重(zhong)法(fa)間接測定(ding)(ding)所(suo)配(pei)(pei)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)濃(nong)度(du)是否符合要求(qiu)。 此外，從該方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)過程反饋的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況看，有(you)(you)些企業和(he)單位(wei)會參照(zhao)(zhao)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)ASTM A262中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)（比(bi)率為每升濃(nong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)添加108mL水）配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)。但(dan)這(zhe)在(zai)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)情(qing)下是不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)取的(de)(de)(de)。美(mei)(mei)標的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)本身沒(mei)有(you)(you)問題(ti)，問題(ti)在(zai)于所(suo)用(yong)(yong)濃(nong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)相同(tong)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)標準(zhun)ISO和(he)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)ASTM標準(zhun)中(zhong)對于濃(nong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)是69%~71%;而我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)GB/T 626中(zhong)對于濃(nong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)為65%~68%。即所(suo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)初始(shi)濃(nong)度(du)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)一致，如(ru)果使(shi)用(yong)(yong)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生產的(de)(de)(de)符合GB/T 626的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)去按(an)(an)照(zhao)(zhao)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)ASTM A626中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)配(pei)(pei)出的(de)(de)(de)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)度(du)將明(ming)(ming)顯低于65%。遂在(zai)標準(zhun)更(geng)新(xin)版中(zhong)添加一了段注釋(shi)：“本標準(zhun)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)（質(zhi)量(liang)分數(shu)65%~68%），與美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)ASTM A262所(suo)用(yong)(yong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)（質(zhi)量(liang)分數(shu)69%~71%）不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能采(cai)用(yong)(yong)ASTM A262所(suo)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)來配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)本標準(zhun)用(yong)(yong)65%硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)。”
6. 對彎曲法的參數進行了修改(gai)
GB/T 4334自從第一(yi)(yi)(yi)版(ban)以來(lai)(lai)，就有(you)(you)行業(ye)專家(jia)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其中銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)相(xiang)(xiang)比國外(wai)(wai)過于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)(yan)苛(ke)，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭議一(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)如(ru)下：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)管(guan)和(he)(he)(he)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊(han)管(guan)舟形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿垂直(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)縫(feng)方(fang)向(xiang)進(jin)(jin)行彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿熔合(he)線(xian)進(jin)(jin)行彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當(dang)(dang)(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這一(yi)(yi)(yi)規定(ding)(ding)最(zui)早沿用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自GB 4334.5-1990。當(dang)(dang)(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識是(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果影響(xiang)較(jiao)(jiao)小，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)便而統一(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)兩(liang)個壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)。 然而，近年來(lai)(lai)無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)理(li)論(lun)計(ji)算還是(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)際實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)都表(biao)明壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果有(you)(you)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)(jiao)厚(hou)且本(ben)(ben)身塑(su)性較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)往(wang)往(wang)會(hui)(hui)出現試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)塑(su)性較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)而導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，從而增加(jia)了大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)相(xiang)(xiang)檢(jian)測工(gong)作(zuo)。例如(ru)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)究表(biao)明，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)性本(ben)(ben)身較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)，即使(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)經晶間(jian)腐蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，許多材料(liao)稍厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到180°也會(hui)(hui)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)變(bian)形(xing)超過其塑(su)性而導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)裂(lie)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這類低塑(su)性材料(liao)，ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)準特(te)意(yi)聲明，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)須彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)通過未(wei)經試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai)(lai)獲得該材料(liao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)產生(sheng)冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂(lie)紋(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，并以此(ci)(ci)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶間(jian)腐蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)后試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)來(lai)(lai)評定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否產生(sheng)晶間(jian)腐蝕(shi)開(kai)(kai)裂(lie)。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)倍，鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此(ci)(ci)外(wai)(wai)，我國鎳基合(he)金(jin)晶間(jian)腐蝕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)半(ban)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)等(deng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)倍，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，與此(ci)(ci)同(tong)(tong)時，也特(te)別(bie)說明“對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)韌性低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)，應(ying)(ying)通過彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個與被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)材質及(ji)(ji)形(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)裂(lie)紋(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，這與ASTM A262是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有(you)(you)行業(ye)專家(jia)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)(jin)性在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科學性和(he)(he)(he)合(he)理(li)性，而并非嚴(yan)(yan)苛(ke)性。當(dang)(dang)(dang)前(qian)GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求過于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)(yan)苛(ke)，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)了使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該標(biao)(biao)(biao)準中方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)E往(wang)往(wang)增加(jia)了很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后期檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)工(gong)作(zuo)量(liang)，方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性也因此(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)降低，遠不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能滿(man)足當(dang)(dang)(dang)前(qian)工(gong)程實(shi)(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。因此(ci)(ci)，結(jie)合(he)眾(zhong)多專家(jia)意(yi)見及(ji)(ji)文獻，參(can)(can)(can)考ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以及(ji)(ji)我國GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)進(jin)(jin)行更改(gai)(gai)非常有(you)(you)必(bi)要。 本(ben)(ben)次(ci)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)參(can)(can)(can)照ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)準，經修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)管(guan)和(he)(he)(he)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊(han)管(guan)舟形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿垂直(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)縫(feng)方(fang)向(xiang)進(jin)(jin)行彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿熔合(he)線(xian)進(jin)(jin)行彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)低韌性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個未(wei)經試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)確定(ding)(ding)其不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)開(kai)(kai)裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，以此(ci)(ci)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。”在(zai)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，保留了壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)焊(han)管(guan)和(he)(he)(he)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)規定(ding)(ding)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)由(you)(you)原來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)考慮到焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本(ben)(ben)身塑(su)性較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)前(qian)工(gong)業(ye)上對(dui)(dui)(dui)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)也常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求兼容(rong)了此(ci)(ci)前(qian)版(ban)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。 此(ci)(ci)外(wai)(wai)，還針對(dui)(dui)(dui)低塑(su)性材料(liao)進(jin)(jin)行了特(te)別(bie)說明。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，此(ci)(ci)次(ci)變(bian)更“對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)(ying)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍；對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)管(guan)和(he)(he)(he)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)(ying)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍”，這與ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)準等(deng)同(tong)(tong)。相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)需要針對(dui)(dui)(dui)每個厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)原來(lai)(lai)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，在(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準規定(ding)(ding)下對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而言適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)低塑(su)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)則適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。
7. 對標準名稱進行(xing)了變更(geng)
近年來，由于鐵素(su)體不(bu)銹鋼的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。
