本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶(jing)間腐(fu)蝕試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相(xiang)不銹鋼(gang)生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不銹鋼產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。

1. 淘汰(tai)落(luo)后的(de)硝酸-氫(qing)氟酸法   

  我國GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)D法(fa)(fa)——不銹鋼硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)試(shi)(shi)驗法(fa)(fa)最(zui)早(zao)于(yu)1984年修改采(cai)用(yong)(yong)自(zi)日本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)JIS G 0574-1980。美國ASTM A262的(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)期版本(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也包(bao)含了硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)法(fa)(fa)，但(dan)在(zai)1993年以后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)版本(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)此法(fa)(fa)遭到淘汰，隨后(hou)日本(ben)也廢(fei)除(chu)(chu)了JIS G 0574，因此當前其他各(ge)國標(biao)準中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均無此方法(fa)(fa)。硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)法(fa)(fa)具(ju)有(you)(you)如下特(te)點：不銹鋼在(zai)此試(shi)(shi)驗溶(rong)液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)電位處在(zai)活化(hua)-鈍化(hua)區(qu)，因此會伴有(you)(you)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)全面腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)。所以，試(shi)(shi)樣必須采(cai)用(yong)(yong)參照試(shi)(shi)樣，借助腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)速率比值的(de)(de)(de)(de)評定方法(fa)(fa)來(lai)篩除(chu)(chu)全面腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾影響(xiang)。此外，試(shi)(shi)驗時的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)為(wei)70°C而(er)不采(cai)用(yong)(yong)沸騰，控(kong)制相(xiang)對不便(bian)；試(shi)(shi)驗溶(rong)液含有(you)(you)劇毒的(de)(de)(de)(de)氫氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)，不能使用(yong)(yong)常(chang)規的(de)(de)(de)(de)玻璃容器，而(er)需采(cai)用(yong)(yong)耐(nai)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)和氫氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)制塑料容器，這(zhe)些因素都在(zai)一定程度(du)上影響(xiang)了該方法(fa)(fa)，導(dao)致(zhi)該方法(fa)(fa)幾乎從未被廣(guang)泛(fan)使用(yong)(yong)過(guo)。由于(yu)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)些特(te)點，這(zhe)一方法(fa)(fa)在(zai)國標(biao)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名存實亡，因此更新版標(biao)準將該方法(fa)(fa)廢(fei)除(chu)(chu)。

2. 新(xin)增兩個實驗(yan)方法使適用范圍進一步擴大   

  GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不(bu)銹鋼、316不銹(xiu)鋼等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。

3. 對(dui)取(qu)樣和制(zhi)備、試驗報告進(jin)行了部分調整   

   GB/T 31935-2015及(ji)(ji)GB/T 32571-2016內(nei)容(rong)中關(guan)于(yu)“取樣(yang)和制備”及(ji)(ji)“試(shi)驗報告(gao)”部(bu)分(fen)參考了(le)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，并同(tong)時進(jin)行了(le)很好的(de)(de)改(gai)進(jin)，體現(xian)了(le)“先進(jin)性(xing)、科學性(xing)和合理性(xing)”；本(ben)次GB/T 4334的(de)(de)修訂在“取樣(yang)和制備”及(ji)(ji)“試(shi)驗報告(gao)”部(bu)分(fen)與上述兩(liang)(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)進(jin)行了(le)適當(dang)的(de)(de)等同(tong)，既保證(zheng)了(le)本(ben)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)先進(jin)性(xing)，同(tong)時又使不同(tong)類(lei)型不銹鋼的(de)(de)晶間腐(fu)蝕(shi)試(shi)驗取樣(yang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)得(de)到了(le)統一(yi)。此外(wai)，對于(yu)彎曲法的(de)(de)取樣(yang)根據GB/T 4338-2008標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)在實際使用過(guo)程中遇到的(de)(de)問題以(yi)及(ji)(ji)多方(fang)意見(jian)增加了(le)附注(zhu)，即(ji)“對于(yu)較厚的(de)(de)試(shi)樣(yang)，若無法彎曲兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)被(bei)檢驗面(mian)(mian)，則可取兩(liang)(liang)組各兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)試(shi)樣(yang)。取樣(yang)時標(biao)記(ji)出(chu)各試(shi)樣(yang)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)某一(yi)樣(yang)面(mian)(mian)。試(shi)驗后(hou)，兩(liang)(liang)組試(shi)樣(yang)分(fen)別(bie)彎曲被(bei)標(biao)記(ji)面(mian)(mian)和未標(biao)記(ji)面(mian)(mian)”，增加了(le)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)實用性(xing)和可操(cao)作性(xing)。 

4. 對敏化制度進行了部分調整   

   早期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)主要(yao)為(wei)美、俄兩(liang)個體系標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，其(qi)(qi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)均(jun)(jun)為(wei) 2h，20世(shi)紀(ji)70年(nian)代后均(jun)(jun)改為(wei)1h，說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)2h偏長。根據合肥(fei)通(tong)用(yong)機械研究(jiu)院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)分析，8mm左右厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板，正常(chang)焊(han)(han)條電弧焊(han)(han)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)約不(bu)(bu)(bu)超過鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)經650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)一般認為(wei)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)650°C保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)兩(liang)小時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)較嚴苛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，該參數最早也(ye)源(yuan)自日本JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但(dan)日標(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)1999年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)訂版(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)就將(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與ISO進行了(le)等同(tong)，從而(er)將(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)大(da)縮短了(le)。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)(dui)低碳和穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)奧(ao)氏體不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作出規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)后，都另外(wai)說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)“根據雙(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)議，也(ye)可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，而(er)在(zai)(zai)GB/T 4334.1-2000和GB/T 4334.5-2000中(zhong)，卻(que)(que)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)關于(yu)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條款(kuan)。到了(le)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)，則把(ba)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)統一規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)為(wei)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)超低碳鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)（碳含量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)于(yu)0.03%）和穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)種(zhong)(zhong)（添(tian)加鈦或鈮），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)650℃，壓力加工(gong)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1 h，空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)。”而(er)無供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)條款(kuan)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)這一規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，從各工(gong)業企業反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見來看(kan)，普遍認為(wei)這一規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)過于(yu)死板，導致試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)任何(he)調(diao)整空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。而(er)實際上，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)牌號(hao)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)合金含量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)，其(qi)(qi)第二相(xiang)析出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)差異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，將(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)一個固定(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)顯然(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠合理(li)，美國ASTM A262標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍為(wei)650~675°C，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)允許供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)及隨后冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，ISO及日本JIS標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也(ye)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)了(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)。可以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)，將(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)嚴格限(xian)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)一個溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)明(ming)顯地違背了(le)科學(xue)性原則。 可以(yi)(yi)看(kan)到： (1) ASTM A262僅強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)和冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)作強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，但(dan)是(shi)推薦了(le)一種(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即(ji) 675°C，保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)了(le)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)選的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)及冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)均(jun)(jun)做出了(le)明(ming)確(que)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推薦采用(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，但(dan)特(te)別說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)“經供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)，可以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)執行一種(zhong)(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即(ji)“650°C，壓力加試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h，空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)”。 此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，美國ASTM A262在(zai)(zai)銅-硫(liu)(liu)酸銅-16%硫(liu)(liu)酸法(fa)中(zhong)，特(te)別說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)除(chu)非需(xu)(xu)(xu)方(fang)特(te)別聲明(ming)，否(fou)則可以(yi)(yi)使用(yong)ISO 3651-2中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A法(fa)替代本法(fa)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)使用(yong)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，這表明(ming) ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)也(ye)是(shi)認可的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)更(geng)新版(ban)(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)再(zai)作強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，考慮到國內(nei)長期(qi)以(yi)(yi)來一些設計選材對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連續性要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)奧(ao)氏體不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)維持推薦采用(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)(ban)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)雙(shuang)相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)，已有(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)量(liang)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和研究(jiu)表明(ming)，使用(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)(ban)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)往往造成(cheng)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)開(kai)裂，從而(er)增加大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)作量(liang)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)我們(men)推薦采用(yong)使用(yong)范圍更(geng)加廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)，則規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)“試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)是(shi)否(fou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)和采取何(he)種(zhong)(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，由產品標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)或供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)確(que)定(ding)(ding)”。

5. 對(dui)65%硝(xiao)酸(suan)法所(suo)用硝(xiao)酸(suan)濃(nong)度添加(jia)注釋說明   

   此前研究(jiu)表明(ming)(ming)，硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)濃度(du)對(dui)(dui)試驗結果影響較大。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)，老版標(biao)準有專(zhuan)門說明(ming)(ming)。如果按要求配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)65%±0.2%確(que)實比較困難，需(xu)要通過滴定(ding)來(lai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)企業來(lai)說存在困難。更新版標(biao)準將在文末添(tian)加(jia)“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以(yi)表示可以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)比重法(fa)間接測定(ding)所配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)溶(rong)液濃度(du)是否符(fu)合(he)要求。 此外，從該方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)液配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)過程反饋的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)看，有些企業和單位會參照美(mei)國(guo)ASTM A262中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)（比率為每升濃硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)添(tian)加(jia)108mL水）配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)。但這在我(wo)國(guo)國(guo)情下是不可取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)。美(mei)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)本身沒有問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，問(wen)(wen)題(ti)在于(yu)(yu)(yu)所用(yong)濃硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)并不相同。國(guo)際標(biao)準ISO和美(mei)國(guo)ASTM標(biao)準中(zhong)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)濃硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)規(gui)定(ding)是69%~71%;而我(wo)國(guo)GB/T 626中(zhong)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)濃硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)規(gui)定(ding)為65%~68%。即(ji)所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)濃硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)初始濃度(du)就不一致(zhi)，如果使用(yong)我(wo)國(guo)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)符(fu)合(he)GB/T 626的(de)(de)(de)濃硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)去(qu)按照美(mei)國(guo)ASTM A626中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)出的(de)(de)(de)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)濃度(du)將明(ming)(ming)顯低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)65%。遂在標(biao)準更新版中(zhong)添(tian)加(jia)一了段注釋：“本標(biao)準所用(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)（質量(liang)分數65%~68%），與美(mei)國(guo)ASTM A262所用(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)（質量(liang)分數69%~71%）不同，不能(neng)采(cai)用(yong)ASTM A262所規(gui)定(ding)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)液的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)方式來(lai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)本標(biao)準用(yong)65%硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)液。”

6. 對彎(wan)曲法的參數(shu)進行了修(xiu)改(gai)   

   GB/T 4334自(zi)從第(di)一(yi)(yi)版以來，就有(you)行(xing)業(ye)專家(jia)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其中(zhong)(zhong)銅(tong)-硫酸(suan)銅(tong)-16%硫酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比國(guo)外(wai)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴苛，導致(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭議一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)如(ru)下：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管和焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管舟(zhou)形試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫方(fang)向進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)熔合線進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當(dang)(dang)(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)最早沿(yan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)GB 4334.5-1990。當(dang)(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)影響(xiang)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)便而(er)統一(yi)(yi)成兩個壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)。 然而(er)，近年來無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)理(li)論(lun)計算還是(shi)實(shi)際(ji)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)都表(biao)明壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)有(you)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。尤(you)其是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)(jiao)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)且本(ben)身塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)往(wang)往(wang)會(hui)出(chu)現試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)而(er)導致(zhi)開裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，從而(er)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)檢測工(gong)作。例如(ru)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研究表(biao)明，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)本(ben)身較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)，即使(shi)(shi)不(bu)經(jing)(jing)晶(jing)(jing)間腐(fu)(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，許多材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)稍厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)按GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到180°也(ye)(ye)會(hui)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)變(bian)形超過(guo)其塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)導致(zhi)開裂(lie)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)類低(di)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)特意聲明，不(bu)須彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而(er)是(shi)通過(guo)未經(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)來獲得該材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)不(bu)產(chan)生冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂(lie)紋(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，并以此(ci)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)(jing)間腐(fu)(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)后試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)來評(ping)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)否產(chan)生晶(jing)(jing)間腐(fu)(fu)蝕開裂(lie)。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)，鑄件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此(ci)外(wai)，我(wo)國(guo)鎳(nie)基合金晶(jing)(jing)間腐(fu)(fu)蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)半徑(jing)(jing)(jing)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)，也(ye)(ye)特別說明“對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，應通過(guo)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一(yi)(yi)個與(yu)被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)質及形狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)決定(ding)(ding)不(bu)發生裂(lie)紋(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，這(zhe)與(yu)ASTM A262是(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有(you)行(xing)業(ye)專家(jia)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科學性(xing)(xing)(xing)和合理(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)并非(fei)嚴苛性(xing)(xing)(xing)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴苛，導致(zhi)了(le)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)E往(wang)往(wang)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了(le)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后期檢驗(yan)(yan)工(gong)作量(liang)，方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)因(yin)此(ci)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)降低(di)，遠(yuan)不(bu)能(neng)滿足當(dang)(dang)(dang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)工(gong)程實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。因(yin)此(ci)，結(jie)合眾多專家(jia)意見及文獻，參考ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以及我(wo)國(guo)GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)參數(shu)進(jin)行(xing)更改非(fei)常有(you)必要。 本(ben)次彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)改參照ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，經(jing)(jing)修(xiu)(xiu)改后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角參數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管和焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管舟(zhou)形試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫方(fang)向進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)熔合線進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)低(di)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)個未經(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)確定(ding)(ding)其不(bu)發生開裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，以此(ci)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。”在GB/T 4334-2008版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，保留了(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管和焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)由(you)原(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主(zhu)要是(shi)考慮到焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本(ben)身塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)工(gong)業(ye)上對(dui)(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)兼(jian)容了(le)此(ci)前(qian)(qian)(qian)版本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。 此(ci)外(wai)，還針對(dui)(dui)(dui)低(di)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)特別說明。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，此(ci)次變(bian)更“對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)應不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管和焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)應不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)”，這(zhe)與(yu)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等同(tong)(tong)。相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)需要針對(dui)(dui)(dui)每個厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)原(yuan)來5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，在新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)下對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)言適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等低(di)塑(su)(su)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)則適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)。

7. 對標準名稱進行了變(bian)更   

   近年來，由于鐵素體不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。