本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶(jing)間腐蝕試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧氏體不銹鋼(gang)及雙相(xiang)不銹鋼(gang)生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不銹鋼產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。

1. 淘(tao)汰落(luo)后的硝(xiao)酸(suan)-氫氟酸(suan)法(fa)   

  我國GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)D法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)——不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)硝酸(suan)-氫氟酸(suan)試(shi)驗法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)最早于1984年修改采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自日本的(de)(de)JIS G 0574-1980。美(mei)國ASTM A262的(de)(de)早期版本中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也包含(han)(han)了硝酸(suan)-氫氟酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，但在(zai)(zai)1993年以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)版本中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)此法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)遭到(dao)淘汰(tai)，隨(sui)后(hou)日本也廢除了JIS G 0574，因(yin)此當(dang)前其他(ta)各國標(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均無此方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。硝酸(suan)-氫氟酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)具(ju)有如下特點：不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)在(zai)(zai)此試(shi)驗溶液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)電位處在(zai)(zai)活化-鈍化區，因(yin)此會伴有嚴重的(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。所以(yi)，試(shi)樣必須采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)參(can)照試(shi)樣，借助腐(fu)蝕(shi)速率比(bi)值(zhi)的(de)(de)評定方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)來篩除全(quan)面(mian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)(de)干擾(rao)影響。此外，試(shi)驗時的(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)為70°C而(er)不采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)沸騰，控制相對不便(bian)；試(shi)驗溶液含(han)(han)有劇毒的(de)(de)氫氟酸(suan)，不能使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)常規的(de)(de)玻璃容器(qi)，而(er)需采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)耐硝酸(suan)和氫氟酸(suan)腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)(de)特制塑料容器(qi)，這些(xie)(xie)因(yin)素(su)都在(zai)(zai)一定程(cheng)度(du)(du)上影響了該(gai)(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，導(dao)致該(gai)(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)幾乎從未被(bei)廣泛使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)過。由(you)于硝酸(suan)-氫氟酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)這些(xie)(xie)特點，這一方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)國標(biao)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名存實亡，因(yin)此更(geng)新版標(biao)準(zhun)將(jiang)該(gai)(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)廢除。

2. 新增兩個實(shi)驗方(fang)法使適用范圍進一步擴大   

  GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不銹鋼、316不銹鋼(gang)等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。

3. 對取樣(yang)和制備、試驗報告(gao)進行了部(bu)分(fen)調整   

   GB/T 31935-2015及(ji)(ji)GB/T 32571-2016內容中(zhong)關(guan)于“取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)和(he)制(zhi)備”及(ji)(ji)“試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)報告”部分參考了(le)(le)(le)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，并同(tong)(tong)時(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)很好(hao)的(de)(de)改進(jin)(jin)(jin)，體現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)“先進(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)、科(ke)學性(xing)和(he)合理性(xing)”；本次GB/T 4334的(de)(de)修訂在(zai)“取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)和(he)制(zhi)備”及(ji)(ji)“試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)報告”部分與(yu)上述兩(liang)(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)適當的(de)(de)等同(tong)(tong)，既保證了(le)(le)(le)本標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)又使不(bu)同(tong)(tong)類型不(bu)銹鋼的(de)(de)晶(jing)間腐蝕試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)得到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)統一。此外，對(dui)(dui)于彎曲法的(de)(de)取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)根據GB/T 4338-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)在(zai)實際使用過程中(zhong)遇到(dao)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)以及(ji)(ji)多方意(yi)見增加了(le)(le)(le)附注，即“對(dui)(dui)于較厚的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)，若無法彎曲兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)被檢驗(yan)(yan)面，則可(ke)取(qu)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)組各兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)。取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)時(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記出各試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)相同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)某一樣(yang)(yang)面。試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)后，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)組試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)分別(bie)彎曲被標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記面和(he)未標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記面”，增加了(le)(le)(le)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)實用性(xing)和(he)可(ke)操作性(xing)。 

4. 對(dui)敏(min)化制(zhi)度進行了部分調整   

   早(zao)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)美、俄兩個體系標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，其(qi)(qi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)在當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)均(jun)為(wei)(wei) 2h，20世紀70年(nian)代(dai)后(hou)均(jun)改為(wei)(wei)1h，說(shuo)明(ming)2h偏長。根(gen)據合肥通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機械研(yan)究院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)分析，8mm左右(you)厚度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)，正常焊(han)條電弧焊(han)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)約不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)超過(guo)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)經650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)。所以一(yi)般認(ren)為(wei)(wei)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)650°C保(bao)(bao)溫兩小時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較嚴(yan)(yan)苛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，該參數(shu)最早(zao)也(ye)源自日(ri)本JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但(dan)日(ri)標(biao)(biao)在1999年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)訂版中(zhong)就將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)與ISO進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)等同，從而(er)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)縮短了(le)(le)(le)。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低(di)碳和(he)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)奧氏體不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)出(chu)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)后(hou)，都另外說(shuo)明(ming)“根(gen)據雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協(xie)議，也(ye)可以用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)”，而(er)在GB/T 4334.1-2000和(he)GB/T 4334.5-2000中(zhong)，卻沒有(you)關于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條款(kuan)。到了(le)(le)(le)GB/T 4334-2008版中(zhong)，則把所有(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)統一(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)超低(di)碳鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)（碳含量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)0.03%）和(he)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（添加(jia)(jia)鈦或(huo)(huo)鈮(ni)），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)650℃，壓(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)工試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)保(bao)(bao)溫2h，鑄(zhu)件(jian)保(bao)(bao)溫1 h，空冷(leng)(leng)。”而(er)無(wu)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)條款(kuan)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)一(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，從各工業企業反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見來(lai)看，普遍(bian)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)一(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)死板(ban)，導致試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)任何調(diao)整空間(jian)(jian)。而(er)實際上，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同牌(pai)號(hao)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同合金含量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)，其(qi)(qi)第(di)二(er)相(xiang)析出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感溫度(du)(du)(du)是有(you)差異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫度(du)(du)(du)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)在一(yi)個固定(ding)(ding)(ding)溫度(du)(du)(du)顯然(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠合理(li)(li)，美國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍為(wei)(wei)650~675°C，同時(shi)也(ye)允許(xu)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)及隨后(hou)冷(leng)(leng)卻方(fang)(fang)(fang)式，ISO及日(ri)本JIS標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)也(ye)提供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇。可以說(shuo)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫度(du)(du)(du)嚴(yan)(yan)格限定(ding)(ding)(ding)在一(yi)個溫度(du)(du)(du)明(ming)顯地違背了(le)(le)(le)科學性原則。 可以看到： (1) ASTM A262僅強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和(he)冷(leng)(leng)卻方(fang)(fang)(fang)式不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作(zuo)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，但(dan)是推薦(jian)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，即 675°C，保(bao)(bao)溫1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫度(du)(du)(du)、時(shi)間(jian)(jian)及冷(leng)(leng)卻方(fang)(fang)(fang)式均(jun)做出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)明(ming)確規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推薦(jian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，但(dan)特(te)別說(shuo)明(ming)“經供(gong)需(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)，可以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)執(zhi)行一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，即“650°C，壓(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)保(bao)(bao)溫2h，鑄(zhu)件(jian)保(bao)(bao)溫1h，空冷(leng)(leng)”。 此外，美國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262在銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法(fa)中(zhong)，特(te)別說(shuo)明(ming)除非需(xu)(xu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)特(te)別聲(sheng)明(ming)，否(fou)則可以使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A法(fa)替(ti)代(dai)本法(fa)，同時(shi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，這(zhe)表明(ming) ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)也(ye)是認(ren)可的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)更新版不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再(zai)作(zuo)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，考慮到國(guo)(guo)內長期(qi)以來(lai)一(yi)些設計選(xuan)材對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連續性要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)奧氏體不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)維持(chi)推薦(jian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雙(shuang)相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)，已有(you)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和(he)研(yan)究表明(ming)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)往(wang)往(wang)造成試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)開裂，從而(er)增加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒定(ding)(ding)(ding)工作(zuo)量(liang)(liang)，因此我們推薦(jian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍更加(jia)(jia)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)，則規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)“試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)是否(fou)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)和(he)采(cai)取何種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，由產(chan)品標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)或(huo)(huo)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)”。

5. 對(dui)65%硝酸(suan)法所用(yong)硝酸(suan)濃(nong)度(du)添(tian)加注釋說明   

   此前研究表明，硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)度對試驗結(jie)果(guo)(guo)影響較大(da)。對于(yu)(yu)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，老(lao)版標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)有(you)專(zhuan)門說明。如果(guo)(guo)按要(yao)求配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)65%±0.2%確(que)實(shi)比較困難，需(xu)要(yao)通過(guo)滴定(ding)來(lai)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，對于(yu)(yu)企(qi)業(ye)來(lai)說存在(zai)(zai)困難。更新版標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)將(jiang)在(zai)(zai)文末添加“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以表示可(ke)(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)比重法(fa)(fa)間接測定(ding)所(suo)配溶(rong)液(ye)濃(nong)度是(shi)否符合要(yao)求。 此外(wai)，從該(gai)方法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)液(ye)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)程反饋的(de)(de)(de)情況看(kan)，有(you)些企(qi)業(ye)和單位(wei)會參照美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262中的(de)(de)(de)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)（比率為每(mei)升濃(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)添加108mL水(shui)）配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但這(zhe)在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)情下是(shi)不可(ke)(ke)取的(de)(de)(de)。美(mei)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)本(ben)(ben)身(shen)沒有(you)問題，問題在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)濃(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度并(bing)不相(xiang)同(tong)。國(guo)(guo)際(ji)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)ISO和美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)中對于(yu)(yu)濃(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度規定(ding)是(shi)69%~71%;而(er)我國(guo)(guo)GB/T 626中對于(yu)(yu)濃(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度規定(ding)為65%~68%。即所(suo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)始濃(nong)度就不一致，如果(guo)(guo)使用(yong)(yong)我國(guo)(guo)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)符合GB/T 626的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)去按照美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A626中的(de)(de)(de)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)配出的(de)(de)(de)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)度將(jiang)明顯低(di)于(yu)(yu)65%。遂在(zai)(zai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)更新版中添加一了段(duan)注釋：“本(ben)(ben)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)（質(zhi)量分數(shu)65%~68%），與美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262所(suo)用(yong)(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)（質(zhi)量分數(shu)69%~71%）不同(tong)，不能采用(yong)(yong)ASTM A262所(suo)規定(ding)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式來(lai)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)(yong)65%硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)液(ye)。”

6. 對彎曲法的參(can)數進(jin)行了修改(gai)   

   GB/T 4334自從(cong)第一(yi)(yi)版(ban)以(yi)來(lai)(lai)，就有行(xing)業(ye)專家認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)中銅(tong)-硫(liu)酸銅(tong)-16%硫(liu)酸法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)數(shu)相比國(guo)外過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴苛(ke)，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)此(ci)參(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭議(yi)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)大(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)如下：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)舟形(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)方(fang)向進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)熔合(he)線進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄鋼件(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，當(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)最(zui)早沿(yan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自GB 4334.5-1990。當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)影響較(jiao)小(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)便而(er)(er)(er)統一(yi)(yi)成(cheng)兩個壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。 然而(er)(er)(er)，近年(nian)來(lai)(lai)無論是(shi)理論計算還是(shi)實(shi)際實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)都表明(ming)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)有很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。尤其(qi)是(shi)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)且本(ben)身塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)會出現試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)冷塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差而(er)(er)(er)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)開裂(lie)(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，從(cong)而(er)(er)(er)增加(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)大(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金相檢(jian)測工(gong)作。例如大(da)(da)量(liang)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)研究表明(ming)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本(ben)身較(jiao)差，即使不(bu)(bu)(bu)經晶間腐(fu)蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，許多材(cai)料稍厚(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到(dao)180°也會由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)冷變(bian)形(xing)(xing)超過(guo)其(qi)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)(er)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)開裂(lie)(lie)(lie)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)類(lei)低(di)(di)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)料，ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)特(te)意(yi)聲明(ming)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)須彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而(er)(er)(er)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)未經試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai)(lai)獲得該(gai)材(cai)料不(bu)(bu)(bu)產生(sheng)冷彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，并以(yi)此(ci)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶間腐(fu)蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)后試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)來(lai)(lai)評定(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)否產生(sheng)晶間腐(fu)蝕(shi)開裂(lie)(lie)(lie)。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)，鑄件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此(ci)外，我國(guo)鎳基(ji)合(he)金晶間腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)是(shi)，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)半徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)(du)”，與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時(shi)，也特(te)別(bie)說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)“對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料，應(ying)通(tong)過(guo)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一(yi)(yi)個與(yu)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相同(tong)材(cai)質及形(xing)(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)決定(ding)不(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)生(sheng)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)”，這(zhe)與(yu)ASTM A262是(shi)相似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有行(xing)業(ye)專家認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)科學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)合(he)理性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)(er)(er)并非(fei)嚴苛(ke)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。當(dang)前GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴苛(ke)，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中方(fang)法(fa)E往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)增加(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后期檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)工(gong)作量(liang)，方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也因此(ci)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降(jiang)低(di)(di)，遠不(bu)(bu)(bu)能滿足當(dang)前工(gong)程實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)。因此(ci)，結(jie)合(he)眾(zhong)多專家意(yi)見及文(wen)獻，參(can)考(kao)ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以(yi)及我國(guo)GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)參(can)數(shu)進(jin)行(xing)更改非(fei)常有必要(yao)(yao)。 本(ben)次(ci)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)改參(can)照ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，經修(xiu)改后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)參(can)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄鋼件(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)舟形(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)方(fang)向進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)熔合(he)線進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)低(di)(di)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)個未經試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)確定(ding)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)生(sheng)開裂(lie)(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，以(yi)此(ci)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。”在(zai)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，保留了(le)(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)由(you)原來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)考(kao)慮到(dao)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)本(ben)身塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差，當(dang)前工(gong)業(ye)上對(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)也常采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求(qiu)(qiu)兼容了(le)(le)此(ci)前版(ban)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。 此(ci)外，還針對(dui)(dui)低(di)(di)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)料進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)特(te)別(bie)說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，此(ci)次(ci)變(bian)更“對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄鋼件(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)”，這(zhe)與(yu)ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等同(tong)。相對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)針對(dui)(dui)每(mei)個厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)原來(lai)(lai)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，在(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)下對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄件(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)等低(di)(di)塑(su)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)則適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。

7. 對標準(zhun)名稱(cheng)進行了變更(geng)   

   近年來，由于鐵素體不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。