本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶間(jian)腐蝕試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧氏體(ti)不銹鋼(gang)及雙相不(bu)銹鋼生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不銹鋼產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。

1. 淘汰(tai)落后的硝酸(suan)-氫氟酸(suan)法   

  我國(guo)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)的(de)D法(fa)——不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼硝酸(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟酸(suan)(suan)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)法(fa)最(zui)早于1984年修改采用(yong)自日(ri)本的(de)JIS G 0574-1980。美國(guo)ASTM A262的(de)早期版(ban)本中(zhong)也包(bao)含(han)了(le)硝酸(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟酸(suan)(suan)法(fa)，但在(zai)1993年以后的(de)版(ban)本中(zhong)此(ci)(ci)法(fa)遭到淘汰(tai)，隨后日(ri)本也廢除(chu)了(le)JIS G 0574，因此(ci)(ci)當前其他各國(guo)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)均(jun)無此(ci)(ci)方法(fa)。硝酸(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟酸(suan)(suan)法(fa)具有(you)如(ru)下(xia)特(te)點(dian)：不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼在(zai)此(ci)(ci)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)溶液中(zhong)的(de)腐(fu)蝕電(dian)位處在(zai)活化-鈍化區，因此(ci)(ci)會(hui)伴有(you)嚴(yan)重的(de)全(quan)面腐(fu)蝕。所(suo)以，試(shi)(shi)樣必須采用(yong)參照試(shi)(shi)樣，借(jie)助腐(fu)蝕速率比值的(de)評定(ding)方法(fa)來篩(shai)除(chu)全(quan)面腐(fu)蝕的(de)干(gan)擾(rao)影響。此(ci)(ci)外，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時的(de)溫度為70°C而不(bu)采用(yong)沸(fei)騰，控制相對不(bu)便(bian)；試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)溶液含(han)有(you)劇(ju)毒(du)的(de)氫(qing)(qing)氟酸(suan)(suan)，不(bu)能使用(yong)常規(gui)的(de)玻璃容器，而需采用(yong)耐硝酸(suan)(suan)和氫(qing)(qing)氟酸(suan)(suan)腐(fu)蝕的(de)特(te)制塑料(liao)容器，這些(xie)因素都在(zai)一定(ding)程度上影響了(le)該方法(fa)，導(dao)致該方法(fa)幾乎從未被(bei)廣泛(fan)使用(yong)過。由(you)于硝酸(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟酸(suan)(suan)法(fa)的(de)這些(xie)特(te)點(dian)，這一方法(fa)在(zai)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)名(ming)存實亡，因此(ci)(ci)更新版(ban)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)將該方法(fa)廢除(chu)。

2. 新增兩(liang)個實驗方法使適(shi)用(yong)范圍進一步擴大(da)   

  GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不銹鋼、316不銹鋼等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。

3. 對取樣和(he)制備(bei)、試(shi)驗報(bao)告進行(xing)了部(bu)分(fen)調(diao)整   

   GB/T 31935-2015及(ji)GB/T 32571-2016內容中關于“取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)和制備”及(ji)“試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)報告”部分參考了GB/T 4334-2008標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，并同(tong)時進(jin)行(xing)了很好的(de)(de)改(gai)進(jin)，體現了“先進(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、科學性(xing)(xing)(xing)和合理性(xing)(xing)(xing)”；本次GB/T 4334的(de)(de)修訂(ding)在(zai)“取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)和制備”及(ji)“試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)報告”部分與上述兩標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)進(jin)行(xing)了適當(dang)的(de)(de)等(deng)同(tong)，既保證了本標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)先進(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，同(tong)時又使不同(tong)類(lei)型不銹鋼的(de)(de)晶間腐蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)得到了統(tong)一(yi)。此外，對(dui)于彎(wan)曲法(fa)的(de)(de)取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)根(gen)據GB/T 4338-2008標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)在(zai)實(shi)際使用(yong)過程(cheng)中遇到的(de)(de)問題以及(ji)多方意(yi)見增加(jia)了附注(zhu)，即(ji)“對(dui)于較厚的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)，若無法(fa)彎(wan)曲兩個被檢驗(yan)面，則(ze)可(ke)取(qu)(qu)(qu)兩組各兩個試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)。取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)時標記出各試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)相同(tong)的(de)(de)某一(yi)樣(yang)面。試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)后，兩組試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)分別(bie)彎(wan)曲被標記面和未標記面”，增加(jia)了標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)實(shi)用(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和可(ke)操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。 

4. 對敏化制度進行了(le)部分調整   

   早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)主要(yao)(yao)為美(mei)、俄兩(liang)(liang)個體系標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，其(qi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)均為 2h，20世(shi)紀70年(nian)代(dai)后(hou)均改(gai)為1h，說(shuo)明(ming)2h偏長。根據合(he)肥(fei)通用(yong)機械(xie)研(yan)究院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)(liang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)分析，8mm左右厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼(gang)(gang)板，正常焊條電弧焊試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)約不(bu)(bu)(bu)超(chao)過鋼(gang)(gang)板試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)經(jing)(jing)650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。所以(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般認為GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)650°C保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)兩(liang)(liang)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較嚴苛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，該(gai)參數最早(zao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)源自日本JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但日標(biao)在(zai)(zai)1999年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修訂(ding)版(ban)中就(jiu)將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與ISO進行(xing)(xing)了等同(tong)(tong)，從而將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)大(da)大(da)縮短了。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低碳和(he)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)奧氏(shi)體不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作出規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)后(hou)，都另外說(shuo)明(ming)“根據雙(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)(xie)議，也(ye)(ye)(ye)可以(yi)用(yong)其(qi)他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，而在(zai)(zai)GB/T 4334.1-2000和(he)GB/T 4334.5-2000中，卻(que)沒有(you)關于(yu)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條款(kuan)。到了GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)中，則(ze)把所有(you)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)為“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)超(chao)低碳鋼(gang)(gang)（碳含(han)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)于(yu)0.03%）和(he)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼(gang)(gang)種（添加(jia)鈦或鈮），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為650℃，壓力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)2h，鑄(zhu)件保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)1 h，空(kong)冷。”而無供(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)條款(kuan)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，從各工(gong)(gong)業企(qi)業反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見來看，普遍認為這一(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)過于(yu)死板，導致(zhi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)任何調整空(kong)間(jian)(jian)。而實(shi)際上(shang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)牌號、不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)合(he)金含(han)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)，其(qi)第二相析出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感(gan)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)有(you)差異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)顯然不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠合(he)理，美(mei)國(guo)ASTM A262標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)為650~675°C，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)允(yun)許供(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)及(ji)隨(sui)后(hou)冷卻(que)方(fang)式，ISO及(ji)日本JIS標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)提供(gong)了不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇。可以(yi)說(shuo)，將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)嚴格限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)明(ming)顯地違(wei)背了科學(xue)性原則(ze)。 可以(yi)看到： (1) ASTM A262僅強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)和(he)冷卻(que)方(fang)式不(bu)(bu)(bu)作強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，但是(shi)(shi)推薦了一(yi)(yi)(yi)種常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即 675°C，保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提供(gong)了兩(liang)(liang)種供(gong)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)及(ji)冷卻(que)方(fang)式均做出了明(ming)確(que)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推薦采用(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，但特別說(shuo)明(ming)“經(jing)(jing)供(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)，可以(yi)采用(yong)其(qi)他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)執行(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即“650°C，壓力加(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)2h，鑄(zhu)件保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)1h，空(kong)冷”。 此(ci)外，美(mei)國(guo)ASTM A262在(zai)(zai)銅-硫酸(suan)銅-16%硫酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)中，特別說(shuo)明(ming)除非(fei)需(xu)方(fang)特別聲(sheng)明(ming)，否則(ze)可以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)ISO 3651-2中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A法(fa)(fa)(fa)替代(dai)本法(fa)(fa)(fa)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)用(yong)ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，這表明(ming) ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)認可的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此(ci)，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)晶間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)更新版(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)再作強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，考慮到國(guo)內(nei)長期以(yi)來一(yi)(yi)(yi)些設(she)計選(xuan)材對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)續性要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)奧氏(shi)體不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)維持推薦采用(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)雙(shuang)相不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)，已(yi)有(you)大(da)量(liang)(liang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)和(he)研(yan)究表明(ming)，使(shi)用(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)往(wang)往(wang)造(zao)成試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)過程(cheng)中試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)晶間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕開裂，從而增加(jia)大(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)作量(liang)(liang)，因(yin)此(ci)我們推薦采用(yong)使(shi)用(yong)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)更加(jia)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)其(qi)他不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)，則(ze)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)“試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)是(shi)(shi)否需(xu)要(yao)(yao)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理和(he)采取何種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，由產品標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)或供(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”。

5. 對65%硝酸法所用硝酸濃(nong)度添加注釋(shi)說(shuo)明   

   此前研究表明，硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)對(dui)試驗(yan)結果(guo)影響較(jiao)大。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)，老版(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)有(you)(you)專門說明。如果(guo)按(an)要求配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)65%±0.2%確實(shi)比較(jiao)困難(nan)，需要通過滴定來(lai)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)企業來(lai)說存在(zai)困難(nan)。更新版(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)將(jiang)在(zai)文末添(tian)加(jia)“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以表示可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)比重(zhong)法(fa)(fa)間接測定所(suo)(suo)配(pei)(pei)溶液(ye)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)否符(fu)合要求。 此外(wai)，從該方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶液(ye)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)過程反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況看，有(you)(you)些(xie)企業和單位會(hui)參(can)照(zhao)(zhao)美(mei)國ASTM A262中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)（比率為(wei)每升濃(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)添(tian)加(jia)108mL水）配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)。但這在(zai)我國國情(qing)下是(shi)(shi)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)。美(mei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)本身沒有(you)(you)問題，問題在(zai)于(yu)(yu)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)濃(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)并(bing)不(bu)相(xiang)同。國際標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)ISO和美(mei)國ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)濃(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)規(gui)定是(shi)(shi)69%~71%;而我國GB/T 626中(zhong)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)濃(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)規(gui)定為(wei)65%~68%。即所(suo)(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初始濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)就不(bu)一致，如果(guo)使(shi)用(yong)我國生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)符(fu)合GB/T 626的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)去按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)美(mei)國ASTM A626中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)配(pei)(pei)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)將(jiang)明顯(xian)低于(yu)(yu)65%。遂在(zai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)更新版(ban)中(zhong)添(tian)加(jia)一了段注(zhu)釋(shi)：“本標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)（質(zhi)量分數65%~68%），與美(mei)國ASTM A262所(suo)(suo)用(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)（質(zhi)量分數69%~71%）不(bu)同，不(bu)能采(cai)用(yong)ASTM A262所(suo)(suo)規(gui)定硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)溶液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)方(fang)式來(lai)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)本標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)65%硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)溶液(ye)。”

6. 對彎曲法的參數進行(xing)了修(xiu)改   

   GB/T 4334自從第(di)一版(ban)以來，就有(you)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業專家認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)中銅-硫酸(suan)銅-16%硫酸(suan)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)相(xiang)比國外過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴苛(ke)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)致對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭議一直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定如(ru)下(xia)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)、焊管和(he)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊管舟形試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿垂直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊縫方向進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)沿熔合(he)線進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，當試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這(zhe)一規(gui)定最(zui)(zui)早沿用(yong)(yong)(yong)自GB 4334.5-1990。當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識是(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)影(ying)響(xiang)較(jiao)小(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方便(bian)而(er)(er)(er)統一成兩個(ge)(ge)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。 然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)，近年來無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)理論(lun)計(ji)算還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)際實(shi)驗都(dou)表明壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)有(you)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)且本(ben)身(shen)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)往往會(hui)出現試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差而(er)(er)(er)導(dao)(dao)(dao)致開裂(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，從而(er)(er)(er)增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)相(xiang)檢測工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。例如(ru)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)實(shi)驗研究(jiu)表明，焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本(ben)身(shen)較(jiao)差，即使(shi)(shi)不(bu)經(jing)(jing)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗，許多(duo)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)稍厚(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到(dao)180°也(ye)會(hui)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)變(bian)(bian)形超過(guo)其(qi)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)(er)導(dao)(dao)(dao)致開裂(lie)(lie)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)類低(di)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)特意聲明，不(bu)須(xu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而(er)(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通過(guo)未經(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來獲得該(gai)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)不(bu)產生(sheng)冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，并以此(ci)(ci)(ci)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗后(hou)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)來評定試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否產生(sheng)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)(shi)開裂(lie)(lie)。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此(ci)(ci)(ci)外，我(wo)國鎳(nie)基合(he)金(jin)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)半徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，與(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)同時(shi)，也(ye)特別說明“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，應通過(guo)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一個(ge)(ge)與(yu)(yu)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相(xiang)同材(cai)(cai)質(zhi)及形狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)決定不(bu)發生(sheng)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，這(zhe)與(yu)(yu)ASTM A262是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有(you)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業專家認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)合(he)理性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)(er)(er)并非嚴苛(ke)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。當前(qian)GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴苛(ke)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)致了(le)(le)(le)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)中方法(fa)E往往增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)期檢驗工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)量(liang)(liang)，方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)因此(ci)(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)降低(di)，遠不(bu)能滿足當前(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)。因此(ci)(ci)(ci)，結(jie)合(he)眾多(duo)專家意見及文獻，參(can)(can)(can)(can)考(kao)ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以及我(wo)國GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)更改(gai)(gai)非常有(you)必(bi)要(yao)。 本(ben)次彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)(gai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)照ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，經(jing)(jing)修(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)(gai)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)、焊管和(he)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊管舟形試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿垂直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊縫方向進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)沿熔合(he)線進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)低(di)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一個(ge)(ge)未經(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)確定其(qi)不(bu)發生(sheng)開裂(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，以此(ci)(ci)(ci)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。”在GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，保(bao)留(liu)了(le)(le)(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)焊管和(he)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)規(gui)定彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)由(you)(you)原(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)考(kao)慮到(dao)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)本(ben)身(shen)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差，當前(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業上對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗也(ye)常采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求兼容了(le)(le)(le)此(ci)(ci)(ci)前(qian)版(ban)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。 此(ci)(ci)(ci)外，還(huan)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低(di)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)特別說明。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)次變(bian)(bian)更“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)、焊管和(he)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)”，這(zhe)與(yu)(yu)ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)等同。相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)每(mei)個(ge)(ge)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)同直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)原(yuan)來5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，在新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定下(xia)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)而(er)(er)(er)言適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)、焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)等低(di)塑(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)則適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。

7. 對標準名稱進(jin)行了(le)變更   

   近年來，由于鐵(tie)素體不(bu)銹鋼的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。