給排水系統的(de)(de)合理設(she)置及給排水管(guan)道的(de)(de)管(guan)材、防(fang)腐、閥門等的(de)(de)合理選擇，防(fang)止了(le)地下水和土(tu)壤受到(dao)污染，保證了(le)石油化工企業安全運行。埋地給排水管(guan)道用(yong)的(de)(de)管(guan)材應根據(ju)內水壓力、流量、環境(jing)介質及管(guan)材材質等綜合因素確定。

 1. 給排水系(xi)統

  石化給排水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一般(ban)可分(fen)為給水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和排水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。給水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)包括生活(huo)給水(shui)(shui)、生產給水(shui)(shui)、循環水(shui)(shui)、消防水(shui)(shui)及回用(yong)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。排水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可分(fen)為含油(you)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、生產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、清(qing)凈雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等。

   ①. 含油(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統主(zhu)要排放(fang)各生產裝(zhuang)置、輔助(zhu)設施(shi)排出的含油(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)，含油(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)通過排污(wu)(wu)井或(huo)漏斗收集，重力(li)流(liu)進(jin)入隔油(you)(you)池，預處(chu)理(li)后由泵(beng)提升(sheng)至廠區(qu)內污(wu)(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)場處(chu)理(li)達(da)標后排放(fang)。裝(zhuang)置污(wu)(wu)染區(qu)15min 前(qian)的初期雨水(shui)也進(jin)入含油(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統。

   ②. 生產污(wu)水系(xi)(xi)統主(zhu)要(yao)排(pai)放(fang)裝置污(wu)染區15min以后(hou)的后(hou)期雨水，通過明溝收集進入生產污(wu)水系(xi)(xi)統，經泵(beng)加壓提(ti)升至(zhi)污(wu)水處(chu)理(li)場處(chu)理(li)達標后(hou)排(pai)放(fang)。

   ③. 清凈雨水系統(tong)為廠區道路雨水，通過管道收(shou)集后(hou)進(jin)入雨水調峰池(chi)，經監測無(wu)污(wu)染后(hou)可(ke)直接外排或處理后(hou)再利用(yong)。

   ④. 生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)來(lai)自(zi)廁所、食堂(tang)、浴室生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，經化糞池(chi)后壓力(li)排(pai)往污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理場的生(sheng)化池(chi)。生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)需(xu)(xu)單(dan)獨收集，個別生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)需(xu)(xu)排(pai)入(ru)生(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、含油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)時(shi)，在接入(ru)前需(xu)(xu)設(she)(she)水(shui)(shui)(shui)封(feng)設(she)(she)施，以防止生(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)的有(you)害氣體竄入(ru)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)設(she)(she)施。

 2. 管材選用

  除生(sheng)活(huo)給水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)室內(nei)部分(fen)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)料管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)，其(qi)余給水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道一(yi)般(ban)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。含油污水(shui)、生(sheng)產污水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道建議(yi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)輸送流體用(yong)(yong)(yong)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，也有的采用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)壓流體輸送用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。雨水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道一(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)球磨鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)，承插連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。球墨鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)(xing)能較(jiao)強(qiang)(qiang)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)壁較(jiao)厚、對管(guan)(guan)(guan)道基(ji)礎的要求較(jiao)低(di)、施工費用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)。生(sheng)活(huo)污水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道室內(nei)部分(fen)一(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)建筑排水(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)PVC-U管(guan)(guan)(guan)道，粘接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)；室外(wai)部分(fen)一(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)壓流體輸送用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，以避免過路時(shi)生(sheng)活(huo)污水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道被壓損。鋼(gang)骨架增強(qiang)(qiang)塑(su)料復(fu)合管(guan)(guan)(guan)作為新型管(guan)(guan)(guan)材，具有機(ji)械強(qiang)(qiang)度高(gao)、耐溫性(xing)(xing)能好、雙面防腐(fu)、節(jie)能等(deng)優點，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于絕大部分(fen)石油化(hua)工給埋(mai)地排水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)地下管(guan)(guan)(guan)道材料的選用(yong)(yong)(yong)見表4.3.32。

 3. 防腐蝕設計

  給排水管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)外防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)的好壞直接(jie)影(ying)響管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)壽命(ming)，因此根據實(shi)際情況選(xuan)擇合適防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)方案及等(deng)級是非常重要的。根據SH／T 3022《石油化工(gong)設(she)備和管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)涂(tu)料防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)蝕設(she)計(ji)標準》，埋地管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)外防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)可采用石油瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)漆、環氧(yang)(yang)煤瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)漆、聚(ju)乙烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶(dai)進(jin)行(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)。石油瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)涂(tu)層結(jie)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本低，但需在施工(gong)現場加熱石油瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)，且對(dui)環境有一定的污染，已漸漸淡出市場。聚(ju)乙烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶(dai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)層防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)性(xing)能優(you)異(yi)，但其成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本高、施工(gong)工(gong)藝較復(fu)雜、焊縫處(chu)易(yi)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)空鼓(gu)、補口操作復(fu)雜。環氧(yang)(yang)煤瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)涂(tu)層結(jie)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本較聚(ju)乙烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶(dai)低，具有一次成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)膜厚、耐酸(suan)堿、施工(gong)簡單(dan)等(deng)優(you)點，一般選(xuan)用環氧(yang)(yang)煤瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)漆進(jin)行(xing)埋地管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)。管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)穿井壁處(chu)需設(she)置防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水套管(guan)(guan)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)泄漏。