給排(pai)(pai)水(shui)系統的(de)合(he)(he)理設(she)置及給排(pai)(pai)水(shui)管道(dao)的(de)管材(cai)(cai)(cai)、防(fang)腐、閥門等(deng)的(de)合(he)(he)理選擇，防(fang)止了地下水(shui)和土壤受(shou)到(dao)污染(ran)，保證了石油化工企(qi)業安全運行。埋地給排(pai)(pai)水(shui)管道(dao)用(yong)的(de)管材(cai)(cai)(cai)應(ying)根據內水(shui)壓(ya)力、流量、環境介質(zhi)及管材(cai)(cai)(cai)材(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)等(deng)綜(zong)合(he)(he)因素確定(ding)。

 1. 給(gei)排(pai)水(shui)系統

  石化給排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一般可分為(wei)給水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。給水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)包(bao)括(kuo)生活給水(shui)(shui)、生產給水(shui)(shui)、循環水(shui)(shui)、消(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)及回用水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可分為(wei)含油(you)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、生產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、清凈雨水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、生活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等。

   ①. 含(han)油(you)(you)污水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)排(pai)放(fang)各生產裝置、輔助設施排(pai)出的含(han)油(you)(you)污水(shui)(shui)，含(han)油(you)(you)污水(shui)(shui)通過(guo)排(pai)污井或漏(lou)斗收集，重力流進(jin)入(ru)隔油(you)(you)池，預處理后由泵(beng)提(ti)升至(zhi)廠(chang)區內污水(shui)(shui)處理場處理達標后排(pai)放(fang)。裝置污染區15min 前的初(chu)期雨水(shui)(shui)也(ye)進(jin)入(ru)含(han)油(you)(you)污水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)。

   ②. 生(sheng)產污水系統主要排放裝置污染區15min以后的后期雨水，通過明溝收集進(jin)入(ru)生(sheng)產污水系統，經泵加壓提升至污水處(chu)理場(chang)處(chu)理達標后排放。

   ③. 清凈雨水系(xi)統為廠區(qu)道路雨水，通過管道收集后進入(ru)雨水調(diao)峰(feng)池，經監(jian)測無污染后可直接(jie)外排或處理(li)后再利用。

   ④. 生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)來自(zi)廁所、食(shi)堂、浴室生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，經化(hua)糞池(chi)后壓力排(pai)往污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理場的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)池(chi)。生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)需(xu)(xu)單獨收(shou)集，個別生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)需(xu)(xu)排(pai)入生(sheng)(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、含(han)油污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)時，在接入前需(xu)(xu)設水(shui)(shui)(shui)封設施(shi)，以防(fang)止生(sheng)(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)有害氣體竄入生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)設施(shi)。

 2. 管材選用

  除(chu)生(sheng)活(huo)給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)室(shi)(shi)內部分采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料管(guan)外，其余給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)一般(ban)鋼(gang)管(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)連接(jie)(jie)。含油(you)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、生(sheng)產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)建議采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輸(shu)送流(liu)體用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)連接(jie)(jie)，也(ye)有(you)的(de)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)壓(ya)流(liu)體輸(shu)送用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)。雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)一般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)球磨(mo)鑄鐵管(guan)，承插連接(jie)(jie)。球墨鑄鐵管(guan)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕性能(neng)(neng)較強、管(guan)壁較厚、對管(guan)道(dao)基礎(chu)的(de)要求(qiu)較低(di)、施(shi)工費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)。生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)室(shi)(shi)內部分一般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)建筑排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)PVC-U管(guan)道(dao)，粘接(jie)(jie)連接(jie)(jie)；室(shi)(shi)外部分一般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)壓(ya)流(liu)體輸(shu)送用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)連接(jie)(jie)，以避免過路時生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)被壓(ya)損。鋼(gang)骨架(jia)增強塑料復合管(guan)作為新型管(guan)材(cai)，具有(you)機(ji)械強度高、耐(nai)溫性能(neng)(neng)好、雙面防(fang)腐(fu)、節能(neng)(neng)等優點，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于絕大部分石油(you)化工給(gei)埋地(di)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)下管(guan)道(dao)材(cai)料的(de)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)見(jian)表4.3.32。

 3. 防腐蝕設計

  給排水管(guan)道(dao)(dao)外防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的好壞直接影響管(guan)道(dao)(dao)壽命，因此(ci)根(gen)(gen)據實際情況選(xuan)擇合適(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)方案及等級(ji)是非常重(zhong)要的。根(gen)(gen)據SH／T 3022《石油(you)化(hua)工設備(bei)和管(guan)道(dao)(dao)涂(tu)料防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕設計標準》，埋地管(guan)道(dao)(dao)外防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)可采(cai)用石油(you)瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)漆、環氧煤瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)漆、聚乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶(dai)進行防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。石油(you)瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)涂(tu)層結構(gou)成(cheng)本(ben)低(di)，但需(xu)在施(shi)(shi)工現場(chang)加熱石油(you)瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，且對環境有一定的污染，已漸(jian)(jian)漸(jian)(jian)淡出市場(chang)。聚乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶(dai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)層防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)性能優(you)異，但其(qi)成(cheng)本(ben)高(gao)、施(shi)(shi)工工藝(yi)較復(fu)雜、焊縫(feng)處易形成(cheng)空鼓、補口操作復(fu)雜。環氧煤瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)涂(tu)層結構(gou)成(cheng)本(ben)較聚乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶(dai)低(di)，具有一次成(cheng)膜(mo)厚、耐酸(suan)堿、施(shi)(shi)工簡單等優(you)點，一般選(xuan)用環氧煤瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)漆進行埋地管(guan)道(dao)(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。管(guan)道(dao)(dao)穿井壁處需(xu)設置防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水套(tao)管(guan)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止管(guan)道(dao)(dao)泄漏。