給排(pai)水(shui)系統的(de)合理設置及給排(pai)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)、防腐、閥門(men)等(deng)(deng)的(de)合理選擇，防止了地下水(shui)和土壤受到污染，保證了石油化(hua)工企(qi)業安全(quan)運行(xing)。埋地給排(pai)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)用的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)應根據內水(shui)壓力、流(liu)量、環(huan)境介質及管(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)材(cai)質等(deng)(deng)綜合因素確定。
1. 給排水系(xi)統
石(shi)化(hua)給(gei)排(pai)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)一般可分為(wei)給(gei)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和排(pai)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。給(gei)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)包括生活給(gei)水(shui)、生產給(gei)水(shui)、循環水(shui)、消防水(shui)及回用水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。排(pai)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)可分為(wei)含(han)油污水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、生產污水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、清凈雨(yu)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、生活污水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)等。
①. 含油污(wu)水系(xi)統(tong)主要排(pai)放(fang)各生產裝(zhuang)置、輔助設施排(pai)出的含油污(wu)水，含油污(wu)水通過排(pai)污(wu)井或漏斗收集，重力流進入隔油池，預處(chu)理(li)后由泵提(ti)升(sheng)至廠區內污(wu)水處(chu)理(li)場處(chu)理(li)達標后排(pai)放(fang)。裝(zhuang)置污(wu)染區15min 前(qian)的初期雨水也進入含油污(wu)水系(xi)統(tong)。
②. 生(sheng)產污(wu)水(shui)系統主要排(pai)放裝置(zhi)污(wu)染(ran)區15min以后的后期(qi)雨水(shui)，通過(guo)明(ming)溝收集進(jin)入生(sheng)產污(wu)水(shui)系統，經泵加壓提升至(zhi)污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)場處(chu)理(li)達標后排(pai)放。
③. 清凈雨(yu)水(shui)系(xi)統為廠區道路雨(yu)水(shui)，通(tong)過管道收集(ji)后進入雨(yu)水(shui)調峰池(chi)，經監測無(wu)污(wu)染(ran)后可(ke)直接外(wai)排或處理后再利用。
④. 生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)來自廁所、食堂、浴(yu)室生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)，經化(hua)糞池后(hou)壓(ya)力(li)排往污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理場的生(sheng)化(hua)池。生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)需單獨收集，個別生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)需排入生(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)、含(han)油污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)時，在接(jie)入前(qian)需設水(shui)(shui)封設施(shi)，以防止生(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)的有害氣體竄入生(sheng)活(huo)設施(shi)。
2. 管(guan)材(cai)選(xuan)用
除生活(huo)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)室內部(bu)分采(cai)用(yong)(yong)塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)，其余給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊接(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)。含(han)油污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、生產污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)建(jian)議(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)輸(shu)送(song)流體用(yong)(yong)無縫鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊接(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)，也有的采(cai)用(yong)(yong)低(di)壓流體輸(shu)送(song)用(yong)(yong)焊接(jie)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)球磨鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，承插連(lian)(lian)接(jie)。球墨鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)能較強(qiang)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁較厚、對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)基(ji)礎的要求較低(di)、施工費用(yong)(yong)低(di)。生活(huo)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)室內部(bu)分一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)建(jian)筑排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)PVC-U管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)，粘接(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)；室外(wai)部(bu)分一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)低(di)壓流體輸(shu)送(song)用(yong)(yong)焊接(jie)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊接(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)，以避免過路時(shi)生活(huo)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)被壓損。鋼骨(gu)架(jia)增強(qiang)塑料(liao)復(fu)合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作為新型管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材，具有機械(xie)強(qiang)度高、耐溫性(xing)能好(hao)、雙面防(fang)腐、節能等優點，適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)絕大部(bu)分石油化(hua)工給埋地(di)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)。常用(yong)(yong)地(di)下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)材料(liao)的選用(yong)(yong)見表4.3.32。
3. 防腐蝕設(she)計
給排水管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)外(wai)防(fang)(fang)腐的好壞直(zhi)接(jie)影響管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)壽命(ming)，因此根據(ju)實際情(qing)況選擇合適(shi)防(fang)(fang)腐方(fang)案及等級是(shi)非常重(zhong)要的。根據(ju)SH／T 3022《石(shi)油化(hua)工(gong)(gong)設備和管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)涂料防(fang)(fang)腐蝕(shi)設計標準(zhun)》，埋地管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)外(wai)防(fang)(fang)腐可采用(yong)(yong)石(shi)油瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)漆(qi)(qi)、環(huan)氧煤(mei)瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)漆(qi)(qi)、聚(ju)乙烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏(nian)帶進(jin)行(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)腐。石(shi)油瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)防(fang)(fang)腐涂層結(jie)構(gou)成本低，但需在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場加熱(re)石(shi)油瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)，且對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)有一(yi)定的污染(ran)，已(yi)漸漸淡出市(shi)場。聚(ju)乙烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏(nian)帶防(fang)(fang)腐層防(fang)(fang)腐性能優(you)異，但其成本高、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)較復雜(za)(za)、焊縫(feng)處(chu)(chu)易形成空鼓、補口操作(zuo)復雜(za)(za)。環(huan)氧煤(mei)瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)防(fang)(fang)腐涂層結(jie)構(gou)成本較聚(ju)乙烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏(nian)帶低，具有一(yi)次(ci)成膜厚(hou)、耐(nai)酸堿、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)簡單等優(you)點，一(yi)般(ban)選用(yong)(yong)環(huan)氧煤(mei)瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)漆(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)埋地管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)防(fang)(fang)腐。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)穿(chuan)井壁處(chu)(chu)需設置防(fang)(fang)水套管(guan)(guan)(guan)，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)泄漏。
