給(gei)排水(shui)系統的合(he)理設置及給(gei)排水(shui)管道的管材(cai)、防腐、閥門等的合(he)理選(xuan)擇(ze)，防止了地下水(shui)和土(tu)壤(rang)受到污染，保證了石(shi)油化工企業安全運行。埋地給(gei)排水(shui)管道用的管材(cai)應根據內水(shui)壓力、流量、環境介(jie)質(zhi)及管材(cai)材(cai)質(zhi)等綜(zong)合(he)因素確定。

 1. 給(gei)排水系統

  石化給排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一般(ban)可分為(wei)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。給水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包括生(sheng)活給水(shui)(shui)(shui)、生(sheng)產給水(shui)(shui)(shui)、循環水(shui)(shui)(shui)、消(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)及回用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可分為(wei)含油污水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、生(sheng)產污水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、清凈雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、生(sheng)活污水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)。

   ①. 含油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)主要(yao)排放(fang)各(ge)生產裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置、輔助設(she)施排出的含油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)，含油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)通過排污(wu)(wu)井(jing)或漏斗收集，重力(li)流進(jin)入隔油(you)池，預處理(li)后由泵(beng)提升至廠區內污(wu)(wu)水(shui)處理(li)場處理(li)達標(biao)后排放(fang)。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置污(wu)(wu)染區15min 前的初期雨(yu)水(shui)也進(jin)入含油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)。

   ②. 生(sheng)產污(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)主要(yao)排放裝置污(wu)染區15min以后的后期雨水(shui)，通過明溝收集進入生(sheng)產污(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)，經泵(beng)加壓提升(sheng)至污(wu)水(shui)處理場處理達標后排放。

   ③. 清凈雨水系統為(wei)廠區道路(lu)雨水，通過管(guan)道收(shou)集后(hou)(hou)進入雨水調峰池，經監測無污(wu)染后(hou)(hou)可直(zhi)接外排或(huo)處理后(hou)(hou)再利用(yong)。

   ④. 生活(huo)(huo)(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)來自廁所、食堂、浴室生活(huo)(huo)(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)，經化(hua)(hua)糞(fen)池后(hou)壓力排(pai)(pai)往污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理場的生化(hua)(hua)池。生活(huo)(huo)(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)需單獨收(shou)集(ji)，個(ge)別生活(huo)(huo)(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)需排(pai)(pai)入(ru)生產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)、含油污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)時，在接入(ru)前(qian)需設(she)水(shui)(shui)封(feng)設(she)施，以防止生產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)的有害氣(qi)體竄入(ru)生活(huo)(huo)(huo)設(she)施。

 2. 管(guan)材選用

  除生活(huo)給(gei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)室(shi)內部(bu)(bu)分采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)，其余給(gei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)一般(ban)(ban)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。含油(you)(you)污水(shui)(shui)、生產污水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)建(jian)議采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輸(shu)送流體(ti)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，也有的(de)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)壓流體(ti)輸(shu)送用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。雨水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)一般(ban)(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)球(qiu)磨(mo)鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)，承(cheng)插連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。球(qiu)墨鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)耐腐蝕性能(neng)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)壁較(jiao)(jiao)厚(hou)、對管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)基礎的(de)要(yao)求較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)、施工費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)。生活(huo)污水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)室(shi)內部(bu)(bu)分一般(ban)(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)筑排水(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)PVC-U管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)，粘(zhan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)；室(shi)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)分一般(ban)(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)壓流體(ti)輸(shu)送用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，以(yi)避免過路時生活(huo)污水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)被壓損。鋼(gang)(gang)骨架增強(qiang)塑料復合管(guan)(guan)(guan)作(zuo)為新型管(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)，具有機械強(qiang)度高、耐溫(wen)性能(neng)好(hao)、雙面防腐、節能(neng)等優(you)點，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于絕大部(bu)(bu)分石油(you)(you)化工給(gei)埋地(di)(di)排水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)下管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)材(cai)料的(de)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)見表4.3.32。

 3. 防腐蝕設(she)計

  給排(pai)水管(guan)(guan)道外防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)的好(hao)壞直接(jie)影(ying)響管(guan)(guan)道壽(shou)命，因(yin)此根據實際情況選擇合適防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)方案(an)及(ji)等級是非(fei)常重要(yao)的。根據SH／T 3022《石油(you)(you)(you)(you)化工設備和(he)管(guan)(guan)道涂(tu)(tu)料防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)蝕設計標準》，埋地管(guan)(guan)道外防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)可(ke)采用石油(you)(you)(you)(you)瀝(li)青(qing)漆、環氧煤(mei)瀝(li)青(qing)漆、聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙烯(xi)(xi)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)黏(nian)帶進行防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)。石油(you)(you)(you)(you)瀝(li)青(qing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)結(jie)構成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)低(di)，但需在施工現場(chang)加(jia)熱石油(you)(you)(you)(you)瀝(li)青(qing)，且(qie)對(dui)環境有一定(ding)的污染(ran)，已(yi)漸(jian)漸(jian)淡出市場(chang)。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙烯(xi)(xi)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)黏(nian)帶防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)層(ceng)(ceng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)性能優異，但其成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)高(gao)、施工工藝較(jiao)(jiao)復雜、焊縫處易(yi)形成(cheng)空鼓、補(bu)口操作復雜。環氧煤(mei)瀝(li)青(qing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)結(jie)構成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)較(jiao)(jiao)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙烯(xi)(xi)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)黏(nian)帶低(di)，具有一次成(cheng)膜厚、耐酸堿、施工簡單等優點，一般選用環氧煤(mei)瀝(li)青(qing)漆進行埋地管(guan)(guan)道防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)。管(guan)(guan)道穿井壁處需設置防(fang)(fang)(fang)水套管(guan)(guan)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)止管(guan)(guan)道泄漏。