空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)器(qi)（簡(jian)稱(cheng)空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)）是以環(huan)境(jing)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)作為(wei)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)介質，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)高溫工(gong)藝流體的(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)，也稱(cheng)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)。管內的(de)(de)熱流體通(tong)(tong)(tong)過管壁(bi)和(he)(he)翅片(pian)與管外(wai)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進行換(huan)(huan)熱，所用的(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常由(you)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風機(ji)供給。空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)器(qi)可用于冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)或冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝，廣泛應用于：煉(lian)(lian)油(you)、石(shi)油(you)化工(gong)塔(ta)(ta)頂蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝；回流油(you)、塔(ta)(ta)底油(you)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)；各(ge)種反(fan)應生(sheng)成(cheng)物的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)；循環(huan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)和(he)(he)電站汽輪機(ji)排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝。工(gong)作壓力可達69MPa。但耗電量、噪聲和(he)(he)占地(di)面積均大(da)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)效果(guo)受氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候變化影響(xiang)較大(da)。空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)標準主要有API 661《煉(lian)(lian)油(you)廠用通(tong)(tong)(tong)用空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)》、ISO 13706《石(shi)油(you)、石(shi)化和(he)(he)天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)業風冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)》、GB／T 15386《空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)》等。

1. 空(kong)氣冷(leng)卻(que)器的結(jie)構

  空氣(qi)冷卻器主要由管束、通(tong)風機、構架及百葉窗等組(zu)成，如圖7.12所示。

  空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)冷卻器管(guan)(guan)束包括傳熱管(guan)(guan)、管(guan)(guan)箱、側梁和橫梁等。它可按臥(wo)式(shi)、立式(shi)和斜頂式(shi)（人(ren)字式(shi)）3種基本形式(shi)布置(zhi)，見圖7.13。其中，臥(wo)式(shi)布置(zhi)傳熱面積大，空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)分(fen)布均勻，傳熱效果(guo)好；斜頂式(shi)布置(zhi)時，通(tong)風機安裝在人(ren)字中央空(kong)(kong)間(jian)，占地面積小，結構(gou)緊湊(cou)。為抵消空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)側的給(gei)熱系數(shu)較低(di)的影響，通(tong)常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)光管(guan)(guan)外壁裝翅片的管(guan)(guan)子。

2. 空冷器的分類

  ①. 按空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器(qi)(qi)管(guan)束(shu)布置形式分類：水平式全冷器(qi)(qi)；斜頂式空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器(qi)(qi)；立式空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器(qi)(qi)；圓環(huan)式空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器(qi)(qi)。

  ②. 按空冷器通風方式(shi)(shi)分類：自然通風式(shi)(shi)全冷器；鼓風式(shi)(shi)空冷器；引風式(shi)(shi)空冷器。

  ③. 按空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器冷(leng)卻方式分類(lei)：干(gan)(gan)式全冷(leng)器：濕式空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器；干(gan)(gan)濕聯合空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器；兩側(ce)噴淋聯合空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器。

  ④. 按(an)空(kong)(kong)冷器(qi)(qi)風量控(kong)制方式(shi)(shi)分類：百葉窗(chuang)調(diao)節式(shi)(shi)全冷器(qi)(qi)；可變角調(diao)節式(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)冷器(qi)(qi)；電(dian)動機調(diao)速式(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)冷器(qi)(qi)。

圖7.14所示為不(bu)同類(lei)型空冷(leng)器示意圖。

3. 空冷器(qi)的(de)優(you)點與缺點