空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器(qi)（簡稱空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)）是以環境(jing)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)作為冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)介質，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)高溫工藝(yi)流體的(de)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)，也稱空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)。管內的(de)熱(re)流體通過(guo)管壁和(he)翅片與(yu)管外空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進行換(huan)(huan)熱(re)，所用(yong)的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通常由(you)通風機(ji)(ji)供(gong)給(gei)。空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器(qi)可用(yong)于(yu)(yu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)或冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝，廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)：煉油(you)、石油(you)化(hua)工塔頂蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝；回流油(you)、塔底油(you)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；各種反(fan)應(ying)生成(cheng)物的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；循環氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)和(he)電站汽(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝。工作壓力可達69MPa。但耗電量、噪聲和(he)占地面積均大(da)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)效(xiao)果受氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候變化(hua)影響較大(da)。空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)標準主要有API 661《煉油(you)廠用(yong)通用(yong)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)》、ISO 13706《石油(you)、石化(hua)和(he)天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)工業風冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)》、GB／T 15386《空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)》等。
1. 空氣(qi)冷卻器的結構
空氣(qi)冷卻器(qi)主要由管束、通風機、構架(jia)及百(bai)葉窗等(deng)組成(cheng)，如圖7.12所示。
空(kong)氣冷卻器管(guan)束包(bao)括傳(chuan)熱管(guan)、管(guan)箱、側(ce)梁和橫(heng)梁等。它(ta)可(ke)按臥式(shi)、立(li)式(shi)和斜(xie)頂式(shi)（人字式(shi)）3種基本形式(shi)布(bu)置(zhi)，見圖7.13。其(qi)中(zhong)，臥式(shi)布(bu)置(zhi)傳(chuan)熱面積(ji)大，空(kong)氣分布(bu)均勻，傳(chuan)熱效(xiao)果好；斜(xie)頂式(shi)布(bu)置(zhi)時，通(tong)風機安裝(zhuang)在人字中(zhong)央空(kong)間，占地面積(ji)小(xiao)，結構緊(jin)湊(cou)。為抵消空(kong)氣側(ce)的(de)給熱系數(shu)較(jiao)低的(de)影響，通(tong)常采用光管(guan)外壁(bi)裝(zhuang)翅片(pian)的(de)管(guan)子。
2. 空冷器的分類(lei)
①. 按空冷器(qi)管束(shu)布置形式(shi)分類：水平式(shi)全冷器(qi)；斜(xie)頂式(shi)空冷器(qi)；立式(shi)空冷器(qi)；圓環式(shi)空冷器(qi)。
②. 按空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)通風方式(shi)(shi)分類：自然通風式(shi)(shi)全冷(leng)器(qi)；鼓風式(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)；引風式(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)。
③. 按空冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻方式分類：干(gan)式全冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)：濕式空冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；干(gan)濕聯合(he)空冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；兩(liang)側噴淋聯合(he)空冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。
④. 按空冷器風量控制方式(shi)分類：百(bai)葉窗(chuang)調節式(shi)全冷器；可變角調節式(shi)空冷器；電動(dong)機調速式(shi)空冷器。
圖(tu)7.14所示為(wei)不同(tong)類型空冷器示意圖(tu)。
3. 空(kong)冷器的(de)優點與缺點
