空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器（簡稱空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器）是以環(huan)境空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)作為(wei)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)介質，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)高(gao)溫工(gong)藝流體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器，也稱空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器。管(guan)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)流體(ti)通(tong)(tong)過管(guan)壁和翅片與管(guan)外空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進行換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)，所(suo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)常由通(tong)(tong)風(feng)機供給。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器可用(yong)(yong)于(yu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)或冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)，廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)：煉油(you)(you)(you)、石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)化(hua)工(gong)塔頂蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)；回流油(you)(you)(you)、塔底油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；各種反應生(sheng)成(cheng)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；循環(huan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)和電(dian)站(zhan)汽輪機排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)。工(gong)作壓(ya)力可達69MPa。但(dan)耗電(dian)量、噪聲和占地面積(ji)均大，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)效果(guo)受氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候變化(hua)影響較大。空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器標準主要有(you)API 661《煉油(you)(you)(you)廠用(yong)(yong)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器》、ISO 13706《石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)、石(shi)(shi)化(hua)和天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)業風(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器》、GB／T 15386《空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器》等(deng)。
1. 空氣冷卻器的結構
空氣冷卻器主要由管束(shu)、通風機(ji)、構架及(ji)百葉窗等組成，如圖7.12所示。
空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)冷卻器管束包括傳(chuan)熱管、管箱(xiang)、側(ce)梁和橫(heng)梁等。它(ta)可按臥式(shi)、立式(shi)和斜頂式(shi)（人(ren)字(zi)(zi)式(shi)）3種基本(ben)形式(shi)布置，見圖7.13。其中，臥式(shi)布置傳(chuan)熱面積大，空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)分布均勻，傳(chuan)熱效果好(hao)；斜頂式(shi)布置時，通風機(ji)安裝在(zai)人(ren)字(zi)(zi)中央空(kong)(kong)間(jian)，占地面積小，結構(gou)緊(jin)湊。為抵消空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)側(ce)的給熱系數較低的影(ying)響(xiang)，通常采用光管外壁裝翅片的管子。
2. 空冷器的分類
①. 按空冷(leng)器(qi)管束布置形式(shi)分類：水平式(shi)全冷(leng)器(qi)；斜頂(ding)式(shi)空冷(leng)器(qi)；立式(shi)空冷(leng)器(qi)；圓環式(shi)空冷(leng)器(qi)。
②. 按空冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)通風(feng)方式(shi)(shi)分類：自然通風(feng)式(shi)(shi)全冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)；鼓風(feng)式(shi)(shi)空冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)；引(yin)風(feng)式(shi)(shi)空冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)。
③. 按空冷(leng)器冷(leng)卻方式分類：干(gan)式全冷(leng)器：濕式空冷(leng)器；干(gan)濕聯合空冷(leng)器；兩側噴(pen)淋(lin)聯合空冷(leng)器。
④. 按(an)空冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)風(feng)量控(kong)制方式(shi)分(fen)類(lei)：百(bai)葉窗調(diao)(diao)節式(shi)全(quan)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)；可變角調(diao)(diao)節式(shi)空冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)；電動機調(diao)(diao)速式(shi)空冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)。
圖(tu)7.14所(suo)示(shi)為不同類(lei)型空(kong)冷(leng)器示(shi)意圖(tu)。
3. 空(kong)冷器的優(you)點與(yu)缺點
