空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（簡稱空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)）是以(yi)環境空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)作為冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)介(jie)質，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)高(gao)溫工(gong)藝流(liu)體的(de)(de)(de)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，也稱空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)式換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。管(guan)內的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)流(liu)體通(tong)過(guo)管(guan)壁和翅片與(yu)管(guan)外(wai)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)進行換(huan)熱(re)，所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)通(tong)常由通(tong)風機供給。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)器(qi)(qi)(qi)可用(yong)于(yu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)或冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)，廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)于(yu)：煉油、石(shi)油化工(gong)塔(ta)頂蒸氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)；回流(liu)油、塔(ta)底油的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)；各種反應生(sheng)成(cheng)物的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)；循環氣(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)和電站汽輪機排氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)。工(gong)作壓力(li)可達69MPa。但耗電量、噪聲和占地面積(ji)均大，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)效(xiao)果(guo)受氣(qi)候變(bian)化影響較大。空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)標準主要有API 661《煉油廠用(yong)通(tong)用(yong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)》、ISO 13706《石(shi)油、石(shi)化和天然氣(qi)工(gong)業(ye)風冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)》、GB／T 15386《空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)》等。
1. 空氣冷卻器的結構
空(kong)氣冷卻器(qi)主要由(you)管(guan)束、通風(feng)機、構架(jia)及百葉(xie)窗等組成，如(ru)圖7.12所示。
空氣(qi)冷卻器管束(shu)包括傳熱(re)管、管箱(xiang)、側梁和橫梁等。它(ta)可按臥(wo)式(shi)(shi)、立式(shi)(shi)和斜(xie)頂式(shi)(shi)（人字式(shi)(shi)）3種基(ji)本形式(shi)(shi)布置(zhi)(zhi)，見(jian)圖7.13。其中(zhong)，臥(wo)式(shi)(shi)布置(zhi)(zhi)傳熱(re)面(mian)積大，空氣(qi)分布均勻，傳熱(re)效(xiao)果好；斜(xie)頂式(shi)(shi)布置(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，通風(feng)機安裝(zhuang)在人字中(zhong)央空間，占地面(mian)積小，結構緊湊。為抵消空氣(qi)側的(de)(de)給熱(re)系數較低(di)的(de)(de)影響，通常采用光管外壁裝(zhuang)翅片的(de)(de)管子(zi)。
2. 空(kong)冷器的分類
①. 按空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)管束布置形式分類：水平(ping)式全冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)；斜(xie)頂式空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)；立式空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)；圓環式空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)。
②. 按空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)通(tong)風(feng)方式分(fen)類：自然通(tong)風(feng)式全冷(leng)器(qi)；鼓風(feng)式空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)；引(yin)風(feng)式空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)。
③. 按(an)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器冷(leng)(leng)卻方式分類(lei)：干式全冷(leng)(leng)器：濕式空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器；干濕聯(lian)合(he)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器；兩側噴淋聯(lian)合(he)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器。
④. 按空冷器(qi)風量控制方式分類：百葉窗調(diao)節(jie)式全冷器(qi)；可變角調(diao)節(jie)式空冷器(qi)；電(dian)動機調(diao)速式空冷器(qi)。
圖7.14所示為(wei)不同類型(xing)空冷器(qi)示意圖。
3. 空冷器的(de)優點(dian)與缺點(dian)
