懸臂支(zhi)架常用于管道(dao)的承重(zhong)(zhong)或導(dao)向(xiang)。此類支(zhi)架是(shi)應用比較多的一種(zhong)支(zhi)架形式,支(zhi)架的種(zhong)類也比較多。按生根條(tiao)件分,可分為(wei)生根在(zai)鋼(gang)結構梁(liang)柱上(shang)的懸臂支(zhi)架和生根在(zai)設備上(shang)的懸臂支(zhi)架兩(liang)種(zhong);按有無斜撐(cheng)來分則分為(wei)懸臂式和三角式兩(liang)種(zhong);按支(zhi)承的作用來分則分為(wei)承重(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)和導(dao)向(xiang)型(xing)兩(liang)種(zhong);按懸臂的數量(liang)來分則分為(wei)單肢(zhi)型(xing)和雙肢(zhi)型(xing)兩(liang)種(zhong)。
1. 在鋼結(jie)構梁柱上生根的懸(xuan)臂支架 此(ci)類(lei)支架常見類(lei)型(xing)如圖9-33所示。
圖9-33中(zhong)共給出了A、B、C三種(zhong)形式。A型(xing)常用于支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)荷(he)載(zai)較(jiao)小的(de)(de)情(qing)況,其長度L最(zui)大一(yi)般不宜超(chao)過600mm。B型(xing)、C型(xing)常用于支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)荷(he)載(zai)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)情(qing)況,其長度L最(zui)大一(yi)般不宜超(chao)過1200mm。支(zhi)(zhi)架承(cheng)受的(de)(de)荷(he)載(zai)大小視所選用型(xing)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)規格和(he)荷(he)載(zai)作用點到梁(liang)柱的(de)(de)距離而定(ding)。
這類支架一般均(jun)用(yong)角鋼、槽鋼等做受(shou)力部件。它可(ke)與滑動管(guan)托、導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)托等配合(he)使(shi)用(yong),分別用(yong)于水平保溫管(guan)道的承(cheng)重和導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),也可(ke)與固定管(guan)托、導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)托、管(guan)卡等配合(he)使(shi)用(yong),分別用(yong)于垂直保溫管(guan)道的承(cheng)重和導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及光管(guan)的承(cheng)重(僅限于DN≤40mm的情況)和導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。
2. 在設(she)(she)備上生根(gen)的(de)(de)(de)懸臂支架 此類支架常用于沿立式設(she)(she)備(如塔、罐等)上敷設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)豎直(zhi)管道的(de)(de)(de)承重和(he)導向。常見的(de)(de)(de)形式如圖9-34所示(shi)。
圖9-34中共給(gei)出了A、B、C、D四種形式,它們的適用場合分述如(ru)下(xia)。
A型一般(ban)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)DN≤150mm的(de)情況(kuang)下。它通過與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)卡、固定(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)托(tuo)、滑(hua)動管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)托(tuo)配合,分別用(yong)于(yu)(yu)光管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)承(cheng)重(zhong)(帶支耳時(shi))、光管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)導向(xiang)(xiang)、保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道的(de)承(cheng)重(zhong)和導向(xiang)(xiang)。當(dang)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)承(cheng)重(zhong)時(shi),與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)卡或(huo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)托(tuo)配合的(de)螺栓孔應(ying)(ying)為橫向(xiang)(xiang)橢圓形,以適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道有少量(liang)的(de)橫向(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)移。B型一般(ban)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)DN200mm~350mm的(de)情況(kuang)下,使用(yong)方(fang)法同A型。C型適(shi)(shi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)DN=400~600mm的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)承(cheng)重(zhong)。當(dang)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)時(shi),雙(shuang)肢間的(de)距離應(ying)(ying)加大(da)一些,以適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)隔熱厚(hou)度(du)的(de)要求。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi),雙(shuang)肢間的(de)距離應(ying)(ying)盡可能小。D型適(shi)(shi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)DN=400mm~600mm 的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)導向(xiang)(xiang)。 當(dang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi),管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)四(si)周應(ying)(ying)有滑(hua)動管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)托(tuo),且管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)托(tuo)高度(du)應(ying)(ying)大(da)于(yu)(yu)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)厚(hou)度(du)。當(dang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi),應(ying)(ying)將(jiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)托(tuo)去掉并代之(zhi)以厚(hou)度(du)為4mm的(de)鋼板,以防止管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)生位(wei)移時(shi),支架劃傷管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。無論保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)與否(fou),都(dou)應(ying)(ying)控制支架內(nei)壁與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)托(tuo)或(huo)鋼板之(zhi)間有不(bu)大(da)于(yu)(yu)3mm的(de)間隙。
上述(shu)形(xing)式(shi)均適用于(yu)設備不(bu)允許現場焊(han)接(jie)的(de)情況。當(dang)設備允許現場焊(han)接(jie)時(shi),可(ke)將生根(gen)部件(jian)換成貼合鋼墊板,而中間支承件(jian)直接(jie)焊(han)在(zai)貼合鋼墊板上即(ji)可(ke),這(zhe)樣處理的(de)結果可(ke)以簡化支架(jia)(jia)形(xing)式(shi),也便(bian)于(yu)減(jian)少支承誤差(cha),同(tong)時(shi)增加了支架(jia)(jia)的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)。