1. 不銹鋼化(hua)學(xue)鍍銅的應用(yong)


 不銹鋼化(hua)學鍍(du)銅應用于電子工(gong)業、計算機工(gong)業及航空工(gong)業中(zhong)電子元件的(de)(de)高效電磁干擾(rao)的(de)(de)屏蔽。



2. 不(bu)銹鋼基體上化學鍍(du)銅存在的問題


  在線亞洲日產一區二區:不銹鋼基體上化學鍍銅易造成鍍層鼓泡,這不僅影響了鍍層與基體的結合力,而且直接影響到外觀質量。為此,將鍍前酸處理過的不銹鋼放在烘箱中加熱,以除去酸洗時滲入到基體的氫,采用此方法解決了鍍層起泡問題,得到所需要的化學鍍銅層。



3. 不銹鋼化學(xue)鍍銅工藝(yi)流程


  NiCr不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(經過600℃真空(kong)熱(re)處理(li))→化(hua)學除油[氫(qing)氧化(hua)鈉(na)(NaOH)10%(質量分(fen)數(shu))]→水(shui)(shui)洗→熱(re)水(shui)(shui)洗→除銹(xiu)(xiu)(鹽酸(suan)1:1溶液(ye),溫(wen)度(du)80~100℃,時間(jian)(jian)5min)→水(shui)(shui)洗→干燥→除氫(qing)(在烘(hong)箱中(zhong)溫(wen)度(du)200℃,時間(jian)(jian)2h)→酸(suan)處理(li)[稀(xi)硫酸(suan)5%(質量分(fen)數(shu)),時間(jian)(jian)1~5min]→水(shui)(shui)洗→去離子水(shui)(shui)洗→化(hua)學鍍銅(tong)→水(shui)(shui)洗→抗銅(tong)變(bian)色處理(li)(苯并三氮唑(zuo)1g/L,溫(wen)度(du)65℃,時間(jian)(jian)2min)→純水(shui)(shui)洗→熱(re)純水(shui)(shui)洗→干燥。



4. 化(hua)學鍍銅溶(rong)液成分及工藝條件見表4-39


表 39.jpg



5. 化學鍍銅(tong)溶(rong)液的配制


 先將硫酸(suan)(suan)銅和(he)酒石(shi)酸(suan)(suan)鉀鈉(na)分別用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)純(chun)(chun)水溶(rong)解(jie),然后(hou)(hou)將硫酸(suan)(suan)銅溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌下加入(ru)(ru)酒石(shi)酸(suan)(suan)鉀鈉(na)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong),銅離子被酒石(shi)酸(suan)(suan)離子絡(luo)(luo)合成藍色絡(luo)(luo)合物。再將氯(lv)化(hua)鎳(nie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)量(liang)水溶(rong)解(jie)后(hou)(hou)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌加入(ru)(ru),再加入(ru)(ru)甲(jia)醛溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye),攪(jiao)(jiao)拌均(jun)勻。將氫(qing)氧化(hua)鈉(na)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)純(chun)(chun)水溶(rong)解(jie)成200g/L 的(de)濃溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)待用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。在(zai)開始(shi)化(hua)學鍍銅前(qian),逐步在(zai)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌下加入(ru)(ru)藍色絡(luo)(luo)合液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong),使溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)pH達到12 左(zuo)右(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)9~13精密pH試紙測量(liang)),最后(hou)(hou)將穩定(ding)(ding)劑亞鐵氯(lv)化(hua)鉀、聚(ju)乙二醇(chun)(chun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)量(liang)水溶(rong)解(jie)后(hou)(hou)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌加入(ru)(ru),乙醇(chun)(chun)可直接加入(ru)(ru),最后(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)純(chun)(chun)水加入(ru)(ru)至溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)規定(ding)(ding)體積(ji),攪(jiao)(jiao)拌均(jun)勻后(hou)(hou)放入(ru)(ru)不銹鋼件(jian)即可開始(shi)化(hua)學鍍銅。



6. 操作要點


 ①. 裝載量


  按照每升鍍液裝載2d㎡計(ji)算。


 ②. 除(chu)氫和攪拌


  不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)對氫(qing)(qing)(qing)滲很敏感,工件(jian)在(zai)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中氫(qing)(qing)(qing)會滲人(ren)到基(ji)體(ti)中,如果不(bu)除氫(qing)(qing)(qing),化(hua)學鍍(du)銅鍍(du)層(ceng)致(zhi)密小孔覆蓋在(zai)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)后,氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)無法(fa)逸出,造成很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li),使鍍(du)層(ceng)起泡(pao),加上(shang)化(hua)學鍍(du)銅本身伴隨著析氫(qing)(qing)(qing)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng),氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)會殘(can)留在(zai)基(ji)體(ti)與(yu)鍍(du)層(ceng)金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶格中,增(zeng)大內應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li),嚴重地減弱基(ji)體(ti)與(yu)鍍(du)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結合(he)(he)強度(du)(du)(du)。為此,從兩方面(mian)(mian)著手解決鍍(du)層(ceng)起泡(pao)問題(ti)。其(qi)一是把經過(guo)(guo)去(qu)油(you)、酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)工件(jian)在(zai)化(hua)學鍍(du)銅前進行熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li),除去(qu)滲入(ru)到基(ji)體(ti)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)(qing),熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和時(shi)間(jian)(jian)條(tiao)件(jian)經實驗確定(ding)為180~200℃,2小時(shi),鍍(du)層(ceng)無鼓(gu)泡(pao),鍍(du)層(ceng)結合(he)(he)力(li)(li)合(he)(he)格。溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)低(di)或(huo)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)過(guo)(guo)短仍有(you)輕微鼓(gu)泡(pao),溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)高(gao)或(huo)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)過(guo)(guo)長(chang)都容易使表(biao)面(mian)(mian)再次(ci)生成不(bu)易去(qu)除的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)皮,又(you)需(xu)要較長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強酸(suan)處(chu)理(li)(li),酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)時(shi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)會再次(ci)滲入(ru)基(ji)體(ti)。在(zai)所選(xuan)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和時(shi)間(jian)(jian)下雖表(biao)面(mian)(mian)會有(you)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)膜生成,但使用稀硫酸(suan)短時(shi)間(jian)(jian)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)即可(ke),以免(mian)再次(ci)滲氫(qing)(qing)(qing)。其(qi)二是在(zai)化(hua)學鍍(du)銅過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中,采用某種攪拌(空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)攪拌或(huo)機械攪拌),有(you)利于銅離(li)子向(xiang)工件(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)擴散,防止和減少副反(fan)應(ying)(ying)產物銅粉(fen)(即Cu2O)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生成,而且有(you)利于反(fan)應(ying)(ying)產物氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)脫離(li)工件(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)上(shang)述兩種方法(fa)有(you)效(xiao)地解決了鍍(du)層(ceng)鼓(gu)泡(pao)問題(ti),提高(gao)了鍍(du)層(ceng)與(yu)基(ji)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結合(he)(he)強度(du)(du)(du)。


 ③. 催化活性(xing)劑-鎳離子


  在化(hua)學鍍(du)(du)銅(tong)溶液中加入(ru)少量鎳離子(zi)后,鍍(du)(du)層性(xing)質得到改善,在鍍(du)(du)銅(tong)層中含有微量的鎳,形(xing)成Cu89Ni11金屬化(hua)合物,它(ta)具有最佳的催化(hua)活(huo)(huo)性(xing),提高鍍(du)(du)層的催化(hua)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)。


④. 穩定(ding)劑的控制


  在化(hua)(hua)學(xue)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)銅(tong)(tong)過(guo)程中(zhong),甲醛(quan)能將二(er)價(jia)銅(tong)(tong)離子還(huan)(huan)原(yuan)為(wei)金(jin)屬(shu)銅(tong)(tong)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)層,還(huan)(huan)存在有副(fu)反應(ying),即不完全反應(ying)生成(cheng)暗(an)紅(hong)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)(hua)亞銅(tong)(tong)(Cu2O),它形(xing)成(cheng)微(wei)粒懸浮(fu)在鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong),呈膠體(ti)狀態,極難用過(guo)濾除(chu)去(qu),若與(yu)銅(tong)(tong)共沉積,使銅(tong)(tong)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)層疏松粗糙,與(yu)基體(ti)結合力極差。氧化(hua)(hua)亞銅(tong)(tong)被甲醛(quan)還(huan)(huan)原(yuan)成(cheng)金(jin)屬(shu)微(wei)粒,又成(cheng)為(wei)自(zi)(zi)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)心,使鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)(zi)發分(fen)解,消耗了鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)成(cheng)分(fen)。為(wei)了抑制副(fu)反應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生,加入穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)劑,以(yi)提高鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)。但是,過(guo)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加人,又成(cheng)了化(hua)(hua)學(xue)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)銅(tong)(tong)反應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)毒性(xing)劑,顯著降低(di)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)率,甚至停鍍(du)(du)(du)(du),故選用穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)劑,并控制其很低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)宜含量(liang),對提高鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)有效(xiao)。


⑤. 防銅層(ceng)變色(se)處(chu)理(li)


  對銅層進行(xing)防變(bian)色處理(li),在鍍銅層表面形成一(yi)層穩定(ding)的絡合膜(mo),隔絕外界浸蝕性物質對鍍銅層的作用,使鍍銅層保持本(ben)色一(yi)定(ding)的時間。苯并三(san)氮唑要(yao)先用乙(yi)醇溶解(jie)好(hao),然后加入熱(re)蒸餾水中。防變(bian)色處理(li)的溫度(du)不低于(yu)65℃,時間不少于(yu)2min,否則(ze)防變(bian)色達不到效果。



7. 鍍層結合強度檢測-劃痕實驗法


 在鍍(du)層(ceng)表面用刀片(pian)劃(hua)出1mm間距的(de)直行線和90°交錯的(de)橫行線形成小(xiao)方格。觀察劃(hua)痕交錯處(chu)鍍(du)層(ceng)有無起層(ceng),進一步用黏性高的(de)膠(jiao)帶貼于(yu)劃(hua)痕表面,再撕下膠(jiao)帶,以銅(tong)層(ceng)不(bu)脫(tuo)落(luo)為合格。



8. 不(bu)銹鋼化學鍍銅(tong)常(chang)見(jian)(jian)故障、可能原因(yin)及糾(jiu)正方法見(jian)(jian)表4-40.


表 40.jpg