國內外不銹鋼標準都規定了鋼材熱處理后的室溫力學性能。由于化學成分、熱處理制度、取樣方法和試驗方法等存在差異,所以各標準規定的力學性能指標也是有差異的。但是在化學成分和試樣處理基本相同的情況下,性能指標還是大體相同的。


 從各(ge)標(biao)準(zhun)看(kan),我國標(biao)準(zhun)和(he)日本標(biao)準(zhun)規定的力學性(xing)能是(shi)鋼材(cai)本體(ti)或(huo)試樣(yang)毛坯(pi)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理后(hou)的性(xing)能。實際上我國的不銹鋼棒(bang)材(cai)一(yi)般是(shi)用(yong)(yong)試樣(yang)毛坯(pi)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理后(hou)測定性(xing)能。而(er)ISO、EN和(he)DIN、BS等(deng)標(biao)準(zhun)以(yi)及ASTM大部分標(biao)準(zhun),規定的是(shi)鋼材(cai)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理本體(ti)的性(xing)能,鋼材(cai)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理后(hou)直接(jie)在材(cai)上取樣(yang)進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan),只有(you)沉淀硬化鋼的時(shi)效性(xing)能和(he)馬(ma)氏體(ti)鋼的淬火(huo)(huo)回火(huo)(huo)性(xing)能是(shi)用(yong)(yong)試驗(yan)毛坯(pi)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理后(hou)進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)。另外,EN標(biao)準(zhun)還規定了各(ge)類鋼在高(gao)溫(100~550℃)下的Rp0.2的值。


 關(guan)于拉(la)伸試(shi)驗用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)試(shi)樣(yang),ASTM標(biao)(biao)準規定采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)定標(biao)(biao)距長度,一(yi)般規定Lo=50mm(2in.),ISO、EN、DIN等標(biao)(biao)準規定采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)例(li)試(shi)樣(yang),一(yi)般常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Lo=5.65?So短比(bi)例(li)試(shi)樣(yang),但厚(hou)度小(xiao)于3mm的(de)板帶材采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)試(shi)樣(yang)Lo=80mm;JIS標(biao)(biao)準采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)短比(bi)例(li)試(shi)樣(yang)或Lo=50mm試(shi)樣(yang);我國(guo)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Lo=5.65/So短比(bi)例(li)試(shi)樣(yang),個別標(biao)(biao)準如鋼絲、外科植入物用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不銹(xiu)鋼材,則(ze)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了與國(guo)外標(biao)(biao)準相(xiang)同標(biao)(biao)距長度的(de)試(shi)樣(yang)。


 關于(yu)硬度(du)(du)試驗(yan)(yan),ISO、EN、DIN等(deng)標準規定(ding)(ding)(ding)除(chu)奧(ao)氏體鋼外,一般(ban)都做硬度(du)(du)試驗(yan)(yan),ASTM、JIS和我國(guo)標準都規定(ding)(ding)(ding)有硬度(du)(du)試驗(yan)(yan),其(qi)中JIS標準規定(ding)(ding)(ding)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)指標最多,包括HB、HV、HRB等(deng),我國(guo)標準也采用了(le)JIS標準的規定(ding)(ding)(ding)。


 ASTM鋼板(帶(dai))標準,各標準不同,對(dui)(dui)奧氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)或鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)、馬氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)等各鋼類板、帶(dai)規(gui)定了冷彎(wan)試(shi)驗,JIS和(he)我(wo)國(guo)標準對(dui)(dui)馬氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼板(帶(dai))規(gui)定了冷彎(wan)試(shi)驗。