國內外不銹鋼標準都規定了鋼材熱處理后的室溫力學性能。由于化學成分、熱處理制度、取樣方法和試驗方法等存在差異,所以各標準規定的力學性能指標也是有差異的。但是在化學成分和試樣處理基本相同的情況下,性能指標還是大體相同的。


 從各標(biao)準看,我(wo)國標(biao)準和日本(ben)標(biao)準規定(ding)的(de)力(li)學性(xing)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材本(ben)體(ti)(ti)或試(shi)樣(yang)毛(mao)坯(pi)(pi)熱(re)處理(li)后(hou)(hou)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。實際上(shang)我(wo)國的(de)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)棒材一般是(shi)用試(shi)樣(yang)毛(mao)坯(pi)(pi)熱(re)處理(li)后(hou)(hou)測定(ding)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。而(er)ISO、EN和DIN、BS等標(biao)準以及ASTM大部分標(biao)準,規定(ding)的(de)是(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材熱(re)處理(li)本(ben)體(ti)(ti)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng),鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材熱(re)處理(li)后(hou)(hou)直接在材上(shang)取樣(yang)進行檢(jian)驗,只(zhi)有沉淀硬化鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)時效性(xing)能(neng)(neng)和馬(ma)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)淬火(huo)回(hui)火(huo)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)用試(shi)驗毛(mao)坯(pi)(pi)熱(re)處理(li)后(hou)(hou)進行檢(jian)驗。另外,EN標(biao)準還規定(ding)了各類鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)在高溫(wen)(100~550℃)下的(de)Rp0.2的(de)值(zhi)。


 關于拉伸試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)用(yong)(yong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang),ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)規定(ding)(ding)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)標(biao)距長度(du),一般(ban)規定(ding)(ding)Lo=50mm(2in.),ISO、EN、DIN等標(biao)準(zhun)規定(ding)(ding)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)比例(li)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang),一般(ban)常用(yong)(yong)Lo=5.65?So短(duan)比例(li)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang),但厚度(du)小于3mm的板(ban)帶(dai)材(cai)(cai)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)Lo=80mm;JIS標(biao)準(zhun)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)短(duan)比例(li)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)或Lo=50mm試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang);我國采(cai)用(yong)(yong)Lo=5.65/So短(duan)比例(li)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang),個別標(biao)準(zhun)如鋼絲、外(wai)科植入物用(yong)(yong)不銹鋼材(cai)(cai),則(ze)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)了與國外(wai)標(biao)準(zhun)相同標(biao)距長度(du)的試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)。


 關于硬度試驗(yan)(yan),ISO、EN、DIN等標(biao)準(zhun)規定(ding)(ding)除奧氏體鋼(gang)外,一般都(dou)做硬度試驗(yan)(yan),ASTM、JIS和我(wo)國標(biao)準(zhun)都(dou)規定(ding)(ding)有(you)硬度試驗(yan)(yan),其中JIS標(biao)準(zhun)規定(ding)(ding)測定(ding)(ding)指標(biao)最多,包括HB、HV、HRB等,我(wo)國標(biao)準(zhun)也(ye)采用了JIS標(biao)準(zhun)的規定(ding)(ding)。


 ASTM鋼(gang)板(ban)(帶(dai))標(biao)準,各標(biao)準不(bu)同,對奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)或鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)、馬氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)等各鋼(gang)類板(ban)、帶(dai)規(gui)定了冷(leng)彎試驗,JIS和我國標(biao)準對馬氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)和鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)鋼(gang)板(ban)(帶(dai))規(gui)定了冷(leng)彎試驗。