全浮動芯棒連續軋管機簡稱MM(Mandrel Mill),一般設有8個機架。軋制過程中對芯棒速度不加以控制,芯棒由被輾軋金屬的摩擦力帶動自由跟隨管子通過軋機,芯棒的運行速度是不受控的;軋制過程中芯棒的運行速度隨著各機架的咬入、拋鋼有波動,從而引起管子壁厚的波動;軋制結束后,芯棒隨荒管軋出至連軋機后的輸出輥道。在軋制中薄壁管時芯棒的全長幾乎都在荒管內,如圖4-3所示。帶有芯棒的荒管橫移至脫棒線,由脫棒機將芯棒從荒管中抽出以便冷卻、潤滑后循環使用。浮動芯棒連續軋管機的特點是軋制節奏快,每分鐘可軋4支甚至更多的不(bu)銹鋼管;但荒管的壁厚精度稍低,設有脫棒機其工藝流程較長,芯棒的長度接近于管子的長度;適合生產較小規格的無縫不銹鋼管。比較有代表性的浮動芯棒連續軋管機有德國米爾海姆廠的RK2機組和我國寶鋼的ф140mm機組。


圖 3.jpg


  連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管時,荒管可以(yi)看做是在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)直(zhi)徑的(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)間連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)形成(cheng)的(de)(de),穿在(zai)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼管中的(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)可以(yi)看做是曲(qu)率半徑無窮大的(de)(de)內軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)。浮(fu)動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)時,芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)除(chu)受到軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)經軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)傳(chuan)遞來的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)力(li)外,再無其他外力(li)作(zuo)用(yong)。當(dang)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)頭部(bu)(bu)經第一(yi)機(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)咬(yao)入(ru)(ru)后(hou)(hou)(hou),隨(sui)著軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)逐一(yi)走向后(hou)(hou)(hou)面的(de)(de)延伸機(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia),作(zuo)用(yong)在(zai)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)上(shang)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)數(shu)相繼增多(duo),故芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)速(su)度不(bu)斷提(ti)高(gao),這(zhe)個階段(duan)稱(cheng)為(wei)“咬(yao)入(ru)(ru)”階段(duan);當(dang)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)頭部(bu)(bu)進入(ru)(ru)最末機(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)后(hou)(hou)(hou),整(zheng)個軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)處在(zai)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管機(ji)(ji)所(suo)有機(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)中,芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)速(su)度維持不(bu)變(bian),稱(cheng)為(wei)“穩定(ding)(ding)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)”階段(duan);當(dang)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)尾部(bu)(bu)離開第一(yi)機(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)后(hou)(hou)(hou),芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)速(su)度逐級提(ti)高(gao),直(zhi)到軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)結束(shu),稱(cheng)為(wei)“軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)出”階段(duan)。軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)工(gong)作(zuo)圓(yuan)周(zhou)速(su)度是按“穩定(ding)(ding)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)”狀態下設定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de),軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)過程中軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)又是遵循著體積(ji)不(bu)變(bian)定(ding)(ding)律的(de)(de)。然(ran)而由芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)引起的(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)速(su)度的(de)(de)升高(gao),使流入(ru)(ru)后(hou)(hou)(hou)面機(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)金屬(shu)必然(ran)增多(duo),也就(jiu)是說,后(hou)(hou)(hou)面的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)由芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)送人了比其設定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)圓(yuan)周(zhou)速(su)度所(suo)允許的(de)(de)還要多(duo)的(de)(de)金屬(shu),這(zhe)就(jiu)出現(xian)了使斷面積(ji)增大的(de)(de)金屬(shu)積(ji)累。這(zhe)種逐步(bu)流入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)附加金屬(shu)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)較大斷面,盡管在(zai)最后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)得到了加工(gong),但(dan)仍然(ran)導致在(zai)荒管的(de)(de)一(yi)些部(bu)(bu)位上(shang)直(zhi)徑變(bian)大和壁厚變(bian)厚,這(zhe)種現(xian)象稱(cheng)為(wei)“竹節(jie)”。原則上(shang)講可能在(zai)整(zheng)根不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼管上(shang)均出現(xian)“竹節(jie)”。顯然(ran)“竹節(jie)”現(xian)象屬(shu)縱向壁厚不(bu)均,對隨(sui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)張減(jian)機(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)是不(bu)利的(de)(de),應盡可能防止。


  為了(le)防止(zhi)或(huo)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)“竹節”形(xing)成,孔型設計(ji)(ji)分配壓(ya)下量(liang)時,在保證總延伸(shen)不(bu)變(bian)(bian)的前(qian)提下,適當增加前(qian)幾架壓(ya)下量(liang)。這樣,就(jiu)可在后面幾個機(ji)架中使芯棒(bang)速(su)(su)度(du)的躍增得到(dao)減(jian)(jian)弱,從而(er)減(jian)(jian)輕芯棒(bang)速(su)(su)度(du)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的影(ying)響。良(liang)好的芯棒(bang)潤滑有(you)利于延伸(shen)和降(jiang)低能耗,也(ye)可以(yi)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)竹節的形(xing)成。還可以(yi)采用電控技(ji)術防止(zhi)竹節的產生,由電子計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)進(jin)行(xing)預設定,軋(ya)(ya)輥轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)按要求變(bian)(bian)化(hua),當軋(ya)(ya)件(jian)通過時對(dui)軋(ya)(ya)輥轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)進(jin)行(xing)校準(zhun),使各機(ji)架的出(chu)口速(su)(su)度(du)與芯棒(bang)速(su)(su)度(du)的變(bian)(bian)化(hua)相適應。


  盡管(guan)對“竹節”現象采取了不少(shao)措施并(bing)取得了一(yi)定的效果,但(dan)軋制條件的變化(hua)依然存在(zai)(zai),且(qie)成品(pin)管(guan)的尺寸精度始(shi)終不如限動芯(xin)(xin)棒軋機。此外,芯(xin)(xin)棒長(chang),使制造(zao)費用加大,制造(zao)困難(nan),且(qie)長(chang)芯(xin)(xin)棒的重(zhong)量也很大,不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)帶著過重(zhong)的芯(xin)(xin)棒在(zai)(zai)輥道上運行將會(hui)導致不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)表面(mian)損傷(shang)。故目前(qian)浮(fu)動芯(xin)(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)機均用于小型機組(zu),至(zhi)今(jin)這種機組(zu)僅能生產(chan)直徑小于177.8mm以下的不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)。浮(fu)動芯(xin)(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)機機組(zu)在(zai)(zai)20世紀70年(nian)代之前(qian)比較盛行。