穿孔是不銹鋼管生產的重要工序之一,對不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼管的管坯成本、品種規格及成品質量有很大影響。根據穿孔機的結構和穿孔過程變形特點的不同,穿孔機可分為兩大類:一類為斜軋穿孔機,又根據軋輥形狀及導衛裝置的不同而演變出多種類型,如曼乃斯曼穿孔機、狄塞爾穿孔機等;另一類是壓力擠孔機和推軋穿孔機(PPM穿孔機)。目前應用最廣的是二輥斜軋穿孔機。


一、斜軋穿孔


  自1885年發明二(er)輥斜軋穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機以來(lai),斜軋穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)至(zhi)今仍是最(zui)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)的(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)設備。主(zhu)要斜軋穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機的(de)類型有:桶形輥穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機、狄(di)塞爾穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機、錐形輥穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機及(ji)三輥穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機。


1. 桶形輥穿孔機


   二(er)輥斜軋(ya)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔機由德國的(de)(de)(de)(de)曼乃斯曼(R.&M.Mannesmann)兄弟發明(ming),經瑞(rui)士(shi)工(gong)(gong)程師斯蒂弗爾(R.C Stiefeil)加以完善。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作運(yun)動(dong)(dong)情況如(ru)圖(tu)3-1所示,左(zuo)右(you)兩個(ge)軋(ya)輥同向旋轉(zhuan),上下垂直布置的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)導板固(gu)定不(bu)動(dong)(dong),中間(jian)一(yi)個(ge)隨動(dong)(dong)頂(ding)頭,軋(ya)輥軸線和軋(ya)制線相(xiang)交(jiao)成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)傾斜角。軋(ya)輥左(zuo)右(you)布置,導板上下布置的(de)(de)(de)(de)為(wei)臥(wo)式(shi)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔機,相(xiang)反為(wei)立式(shi)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔機。二(er)輥斜軋(ya)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)是(shi)對心(xin)性(xing)好,毛管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壁厚較均(jun)勻(yun);一(yi)次延(yan)伸(shen)系數較大,一(yi)般在(zai)1.25~4.5之(zhi)間(jian),可以直接從(cong)實心(xin)圓(yuan)坯穿(chuan)(chuan)制成(cheng)較薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛管(guan)。主要缺點(dian)是(shi)這種加工(gong)(gong)方法(fa)變形(xing)復雜,容易在(zai)毛管(guan)內外表面(mian)產生和擴大缺陷,所以對管(guan)坯質(zhi)量要求(qiu)(qiu)較高(gao),一(yi)般皆采用(yong)鍛、軋(ya)坯。由于對鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)表面(mian)質(zhi)量要求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷提高(gao),合金鋼(gang)(gang)比重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷增長,尤其是(shi)連鑄(zhu)圓(yuan)坯的(de)(de)(de)(de)推廣使用(yong),現(xian)在(zai)這種喂入角小于13°的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)輥斜軋(ya)機,已不(bu)能(neng)滿足不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)生產中對生產率和鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu),因而新(xin)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)斜軋(ya)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔機相(xiang)繼出現(xian)。


圖 1.jpg


 2. 狄(di)塞爾(er)穿(chuan)孔機


  狄塞爾穿孔機是主動旋轉導盤二輥桶形輥斜軋穿孔機,如圖3-2所示,1972年開始見于聯邦德國,是在二輥桶形輥穿孔機基礎上演變而來的。軋輥上下布置,每個軋輥由單獨的主電機通過萬向連接軸直接驅動;左右兩側的導板被兩主動旋轉導盤所替代,因導盤是傳動的,導盤旋轉的切線速度在變形區壓縮帶比軋輥切線速度在軋制軸線上的分量大20%~25%,給軋件施加一個軸向送進力,以減少軋件的軸向阻力。孔喉橢圓度可調近1.0,這樣使最大延伸系數達到5.0,軸向金屬滑動系數增加,毛管內外表面質量大為改善,從而提高了生產率,降低了單位能耗。狄塞爾穿孔機出口速度達1.2m/s,導盤磨損小,使用壽命長,不必經常更換,有利于作業率的提高。


圖 2.jpg


  圍繞(rao)提(ti)高穿孔(kong)(kong)效率和穿孔(kong)(kong)毛管精(jing)度,進行(xing)了(le)(le)一(yi)系(xi)列的(de)(de)(de)技術改進。如頂桿(gan)采用線外循環(huan)(huan)冷(leng)卻,在(zai)機(ji)架出口(kou),向一(yi)側循環(huan)(huan)運送冷(leng)卻,冷(leng)卻后送回穿孔(kong)(kong)軋制(zhi)線,由于是線外脫出穿孔(kong)(kong)毛管送往(wang)下道工序(xu),避(bi)免(mian)了(le)(le)頂桿(gan)小車的(de)(de)(de)往(wang)復運動,縮短(duan)穿孔(kong)(kong)周(zhou)期,提(ti)高了(le)(le)效率。如機(ji)后采用多組定(ding)心抱輥,增加頂桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing),提(ti)高壁厚精(jing)度。


3. 錐形輥(gun)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機


  20世紀80年代又在(zai)(zai)(zai)狄塞(sai)爾穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)結構特(te)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上,出(chu)現了主動(dong)旋轉導盤(pan)、大(da)(da)喂入角的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錐(zhui)形輥(gun)兩(liang)輥(gun)斜軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji),如圖3-3所示。它(ta)與狄塞(sai)爾穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同是軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形狀由(you)桶形改為錐(zhui)形,這(zhe)種輥(gun)形對斜軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應性(xing)來(lai)說,優于(yu)桶形輥(gun)。因為在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)上,錐(zhui)形輥(gun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直徑沿穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變(bian)(bian)形區是逐漸增加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),因此(ci),在(zai)(zai)(zai)很大(da)(da)程度上減(jian)少管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)變(bian)(bian)形過程中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)向剪(jian)切(qie)應力(li),抑制(zhi)旋轉橫(heng)鍛效(xiao)應,改善了毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)內外表(biao)面(mian)質量,使得許多難穿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高合金鋼管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)都可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)上順利軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)。錐(zhui)形輥(gun)穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)效(xiao)率高,有(you)報道稱最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)出(chu)口速度可(ke)達1.5m/s,有(you)利于(yu)高生(sheng)產率機(ji)組選用(yong);軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)軸線(xian)與軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)線(xian)間除了有(you)10°左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喂入角α外,還有(you)一個15°左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)角γ,這(zhe)樣可(ke)使該類型穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軸向滑動(dong)系數達到(dao)了0.9,最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)延伸系數可(ke)達6.0,在(zai)(zai)(zai)變(bian)(bian)形量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分配(pei)(pei)上,可(ke)承擔較(jiao)大(da)(da)變(bian)(bian)形,從而減(jian)少了軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形;穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)擴徑量達到(dao)30%~40%,這(zhe)就不僅可(ke)提(ti)供薄壁毛(mao)管(guan)(guan),還可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)少管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)規格(ge)范圍,簡化生(sheng)產管(guan)(guan)理。錐(zhui)形輥(gun)穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)既有(you)配(pei)(pei)備導盤(pan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),也(ye)有(you)配(pei)(pei)備導板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),目前已建(jian)、在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)組上兩(liang)種配(pei)(pei)置均有(you)使用(yong)。


圖 3.jpg


 狄塞爾穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)和錐形(xing)輥穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)都是當代廣為(wei)采用的(de)新(xin)型穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji),穿(chuan)孔(kong)效率高(gao)及產(chan)品精度高(gao),適于(yu)連鑄坯穿(chuan)孔(kong)。其中錐形(xing)輥穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)具有(you)更大(da)的(de)發(fa)展前途。



二(er)、壓力穿孔


  不銹鋼管坯壓力穿孔常在立式水壓機或液壓機(穿孔機)上進行,圖3-4為壓力穿孔(也稱壓力沖孔)操作過程示意圖。壓力穿孔于1891年問世,它是將方形或多邊形鋼錠放在擠壓缸中,擠成中空杯體,延伸系數為1.0~1.1,穿孔比(空心坯長度與內徑比)不大于7~10。


圖 4.jpg


  與二輥(gun)斜(xie)軋相(xiang)比,這種加(jia)(jia)工方(fang)法(fa)的(de)坯料中(zhong)心(xin)處(chu)于(yu)不等(deng)軸全向壓應力(li)狀(zhuang)態,外表(biao)面(mian)(mian)承(cheng)受著較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)徑向壓力(li),因內、外表(biao)面(mian)(mian)在加(jia)(jia)工過程中(zhong)不會產(chan)生缺陷,對來料沒有(you)苛(ke)刻要(yao)求,可用于(yu)鋼(gang)錠、連鑄方(fang)坯和(he)低(di)塑(su)性材料的(de)穿孔。此法(fa)加(jia)(jia)工主要(yao)是中(zhong)心(xin)變形,特別有(you)利于(yu)鋼(gang)錠中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)粗大(da)(da)(da)疏松組織致密(mi)化(hua),雖然最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)延(yan)伸系數(shu)只有(you)1.1,但中(zhong)心(xin)部(bu)分的(de)變形效果(guo)(guo)相(xiang)當于(yu)外部(bu)加(jia)(jia)工效果(guo)(guo)的(de)5倍。主要(yao)缺點是生產(chan)率(lv)低(di),成(cheng)材率(lv)低(di),偏(pian)心(xin)率(lv)較大(da)(da)(da)。



三、對(dui)穿孔毛(mao)管的(de)質量要求(qiu)


 1. 對穿孔工(gong)藝要求


   不(bu)銹鋼管(guan)坯(pi)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)是(shi)熱(re)軋(ya)無縫鋼管(guan)生產中(zhong)最(zui)(zui)重(zhong)要的變形工序之(zhi)一,它將實心(xin)的管(guan)坯(pi)變為(wei)(wei)空(kong)心(xin)坯(pi),穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的空(kong)心(xin)坯(pi)通常被稱作毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)。我們(men)可以視(shi)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)工序為(wei)(wei)定(ding)型工序,即(ji)將軋(ya)件的橫(heng)截面定(ding)為(wei)(wei)圓環狀的工序。穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)質量的好(hao)壞直接關系到下(xia)道工序的工藝是(shi)否能(neng)正(zheng)常執(zhi)行以及最(zui)(zui)終(zhong)產品質量的高低。為(wei)(wei)此對穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)工藝提出如下(xia)幾(ji)點要求:首先(xian)要保(bao)證穿(chuan)制(zhi)的毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)壁(bi)厚均勻(yun),螺旋(xuan)線較(jiao)淺(qian)、橢圓度小,幾(ji)何尺寸精度高,當(dang)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)尺寸偏小、芯棒同毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)間(jian)隙過小時(shi),毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)的溫降快,軋(ya)制(zhi)過程中(zhong)容易產生壁(bi)厚不(bu)均、拉(la)凹、孔(kong)(kong)(kong)洞等(deng)缺陷(xian)(xian);其次,毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)的內外表面要光滑(hua),不(bu)得有結疤、折疊、劃傷、裂紋(wen)、凹凸不(bu)平等(deng)缺陷(xian)(xian);最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)要有相(xiang)應的穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)速度和軋(ya)制(zhi)周(zhou)期,以適應整個機組的生產節奏,使毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)溫度比較(jiao)均勻(yun)、終(zhong)軋(ya)溫度能(neng)夠滿(man)足(zu)軋(ya)管(guan)機的工藝要求。


 2. 確保毛管質(zhi)量(liang)的技術(shu)措施


 為了滿足上述工藝要(yao)求,除了確(que)定正確(que)的穿孔工藝參數(包(bao)括管坯加(jia)熱溫度(du)、穿孔溫度(du)、穿孔速(su)(su)度(du)、軋輥(gun)轉速(su)(su)和喂入角(jiao)的大小)及(ji)調整參數(輥(gun)距(ju)(ju)、導板/導盤(pan)距(ju)(ju)、頂頭前(qian)伸(shen)量)外,穿孔機組還應用(yong)了如下技術:


   a. 穿孔機架:軋輥垂直(zhi)布置,使得(de)更換和檢查導盤/導板的時間很短,可確保毛管外表(biao)面(mian)質(zhi)量;


   b. 出(chu)口部分:頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)/頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)從(cong)毛管中抽出(chu)后頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)或頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)/頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)的(de)冷(leng)卻在線外進(jin)行(xing)。設(she)置頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)或頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)/頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)線外冷(leng)卻循環系(xi)統,可縮短周期時間(jian),更(geng)容易檢查、更(geng)換頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou),另外如(ru)采用線外用回轉式冷(leng)卻裝置進(jin)行(xing)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)(帶頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou))冷(leng)卻,還可確保頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)的(de)直度較(jiao)好,為毛管的(de)壁厚均勻提(ti)供了保證;頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)循環使(shi)用,因(yin)冷(leng)卻時間(jian)充(chong)分,使(shi)冷(leng)卻效果得到保證,從(cong)而可以提(ti)高頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)使(shi)用壽命,確保毛管內表面的(de)光滑;


  c. 頂桿(gan)及(ji)毛管導向(xiang)(xiang):有多組定(ding)心輥,第一組定(ding)心輥裝(zhuang)在機架內,使其盡量靠近穿孔(kong)變形區,以減(jian)小頂頭/頂桿(gan)的懸(xuan)臂長度、提(ti)高頂桿(gan)的剛度,可(ke)更好地限制頂桿(gan)/頂頭及(ji)軋(ya)件在穿孔(kong)過程中的徑向(xiang)(xiang)抖動,確保穿出的毛管壁厚均勻;


  d. 采(cai)用頂桿預旋轉(zhuan)技術,頂頭(tou)能自動(dong)對正(zheng)管坯的(de)中心(xin),以提(ti)高毛(mao)管頭(tou)部的(de)壁厚精度,并可降低(di)二次咬入(ru)(ru)時(shi)因頂頭(tou)/頂桿轉(zhuan)動(dong)慣量的(de)阻(zu)力轉(zhuan)矩而發生不咬入(ru)(ru)(前卡)故障的(de)概率。


3. 特殊(shu)的(de)工藝要求(qiu)


  為(wei)滿(man)足連軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)特殊性,對于專供連續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機使(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),還(huan)有兩項重要的(de)(de)(de)質量指標要求(qiu):一(yi)是(shi)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)尾(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)度(du)(du)要小,因為(wei)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)尾(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)度(du)(du)過(guo)大將影響軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)前穿芯(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利進行,輕(qing)者刮掉(diao)芯(xin)棒(bang)表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)潤滑劑,使(shi)(shi)軋(ya)制(zhi)過(guo)程中(zhong)震動較大,降低荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)壁厚精度(du)(du)和芯(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命并損(sun)傷設備,重者芯(xin)棒(bang)可能會頂彎(wan)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),致使(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)斷,這就要求(qiu)在(zai)調整時(shi)(shi)注意保(bao)證穿孔過(guo)程即將結束時(shi)(shi),毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)尾(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)歸圓(yuan)(yuan)效(xiao)果;二(er)是(shi)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)尾(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)不(bu)得存在(zai)尾(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)鐮刀(dao)(非環狀連續(xu)體部(bu)(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)俗稱,見圖3-5)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian),當毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)尾(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)存在(zai)尾(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)鐮刀(dao)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi),穿芯(xin)棒(bang)過(guo)程中(zhong)容易將毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)尾(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)不(bu)連續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分金屬(shu)(shu)碰掉(diao),一(yi)旦(dan)這些溫度(du)(du)較低的(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)(shu)被(bei)帶到毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong),軋(ya)制(zhi)時(shi)(shi)將硌傷軋(ya)件(jian)而產(chan)生(sheng)孔洞管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),若(ruo)這些較硬的(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)(shu)掉(diao)在(zai)軋(ya)輥(gun)上,將硌傷軋(ya)輥(gun)輥(gun)面而造(zao)成鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外表(biao)面缺(que)陷(xian)(xian)等嚴重的(de)(de)(de)質量事(shi)故。


圖 5.jpg


  如(ru)果是向限動芯(xin)棒連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)提供毛管(guan),還須向毛管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)噴吹氮氣(qi)和(he)硼砂(sha),以起到(dao)(dao)去除毛管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鐵皮、減(jian)小(xiao)芯(xin)棒與軋(ya)(ya)件(jian)間的(de)(de)(de)摩擦力、防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)制過程中抖動的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。其過程為:抽(chou)出(chu)頂(ding)桿后的(de)(de)(de)毛管(guan),送(song)到(dao)(dao)吹硼砂(sha)站,由(you)一特制的(de)(de)(de)噴嘴向毛管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)噴入硼砂(sha)和(he)氮氣(qi),吹掉毛管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鐵皮,清除原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)物(硼砂(sha)使管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)壁的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)層脫(tuo)氧(yang)(yang),高溫(wen)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)硼砂(sha)呈熔融態(tai),均勻地附著在毛管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)上可起到(dao)(dao)潤滑劑的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong),氮氣(qi)能(neng)保(bao)持毛管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)不再(zai)被氧(yang)(yang)化(hua));另(ling)外,硼砂(sha)在高溫(wen)狀態(tai)下(xia)生成霧(wu)狀氣(qi)體,充滿管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei),以防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)在隨后的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動中空氣(qi)進入,減(jian)少(shao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)產(chan)(chan)生二次氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)可能(neng)。這就要求軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)前盡(jin)量避免毛管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)軸向移動,以防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)毛管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)產(chan)(chan)生二次氧(yang)(yang)化(hua),從(cong)而確保(bao)軋(ya)(ya)制過程的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定和(he)軋(ya)(ya)出(chu)荒管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)質量。


  限動芯棒(bang)連(lian)續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機組是(shi)否能(neng)(neng)正(zheng)常運(yun)轉,是(shi)否能(neng)(neng)生(sheng)產出高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)不銹鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),與毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)各項(xiang)質(zhi)量(liang)指標(包括(kuo)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)均勻性、外(wai)徑(jing)/壁厚幾何尺寸(cun)的(de)精度(du)、內(nei)(nei)外(wai)表(biao)(biao)面的(de)光滑程(cheng)度(du)等)有很大關系特別是(shi)與毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)尾部的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)狀況(內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)尺寸(cun)偏(pian)差和是(shi)否存在尾部鐮刀)以及為(wei)清除毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)表(biao)(biao)面氧化物、防止毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)表(biao)(biao)面二(er)次氧化所采取的(de)上述工(gong)藝措施的(de)效(xiao)果是(shi)密切(qie)相關的(de)。