焊(han)劑(ji)(ji)分熔(rong)煉和燒(shao)結(jie)兩種。熔(rong)煉焊(han)劑(ji)(ji)的熔(rong)點較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di),堆(dui)散(san)比重較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da),強度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao),顆(ke)粒(li)(li)不規(gui)則,顆(ke)粒(li)(li)成(cheng)分大(da)體屬于均(jun)質(zhi)的,吸潮(chao)性小,以保護性能為(wei)主,而冶金(jin)精煉的能力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di),抗銹能力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di);生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工藝(yi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復雜,耗電(dian)量(liang)(liang)大(da),成(cheng)本高(gao)(gao)(gao),生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)周期(qi)長;焊(han)道外形均(jun)勻(yun)規(gui)則,使(shi)用(yong)大(da)電(dian)流或在窄坡口(kou)中(zhong)焊(han)接(jie)時,脫(tuo)渣(zha)性差(cha),但焊(han)劑(ji)(ji)回收率(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao),可(ke)多次使(shi)用(yong)。燒(shao)結(jie)焊(han)劑(ji)(ji)的熔(rong)點較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao),堆(dui)散(san)比重較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小,宏觀(guan)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)均(jun)勻(yun),是微觀(guan)和細觀(guan)的不均(jun)勻(yun)混合(he)物,其(qi)結(jie)合(he)強度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di),使(shi)用(yong)過程中(zhong)可(ke)發生(sheng)粉(fen)化;抗銹能力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao),吸潮(chao)性較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da),使(shi)用(yong)前必須重新烘(hong)干;制造工藝(yi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)簡(jian)單,可(ke)連續生(sheng)產(chan)(chan),生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)成(cheng)本低(di)(di)。它最大(da)優(you)點是可(ke)以通過精心設(she)計來(lai)取得(de)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)(hao)的冶金(jin)精煉能力,焊(han)劑(ji)(ji)配方的調整簡(jian)易(yi)靈活,可(ke)通過添加合(he)金(jin)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)來(lai)調整焊(han)縫(feng)金(jin)屬成(cheng)分。它的焊(han)道成(cheng)形均(jun)勻(yun),脫(tuo)渣(zha)性好(hao)(hao);但焊(han)劑(ji)(ji)回收率(lv)低(di)(di),反復使(shi)用(yong)次數少(shao),焊(han)劑(ji)(ji)消(xiao)耗量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)。
1. 熔煉焊劑(ji)
目前熔煉焊劑仍是我國埋弧焊使用的主要焊劑,熔煉焊劑的牌號以“HJ”表示,其后面的第一位數字表示的焊劑含氧化錳量的分型,其含義(如MnO含量)見表2-10。后面的第二位數字表示的焊劑含硅和氟量的分型,其含義(SiO2及CaF2的含量)見表2-11。后面的第三位數字表示相同類型中不同編號,按0、1、2、、8、9順序排列。

熔(rong)煉(lian)焊劑的牌號、類型、化學成分及主(zhu)要用途見表 2-12


2. 燒結焊劑
燒(shao)(shao)結焊劑(ji)(ji)的牌號用(yong)字(zi)(zi)(zi)母(mu)“SJ”和三位(wei)數字(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)示(shi),“SJ”表(biao)示(shi),埋弧焊用(yong)燒(shao)(shao)結焊劑(ji)(ji);其后第一位(wei)數字(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)示(shi)焊劑(ji)(ji)熔(rong)渣(zha)渣(zha)系,見表(biao)2-13;其后第二(er)、三位(wei)數字(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)示(shi)同一渣(zha)系類型(xing)的不同牌號,按01、02、···、09順序編排。

燒結型焊劑牌號舉例如下(xia):


燒(shao)結焊劑的牌號、類型、化(hua)學成(cheng)分(fen)及(ji)主要用途見表 2-14

