固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)處(chu)(chu)理是(shi)(shi)將合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)加熱到高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)單-相(xiang)(xiang)區恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)保(bao)持(chi),使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)剩相(xiang)(xiang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解到溶(rong)(rong)(rong)體后快速(su)(su)冷(leng)卻(que)、以(yi)(yi)得到過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱處(chu)(chu)理工藝。首(shou)先,固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)處(chu)(chu)理是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解基體內碳化(hua)物、γ'相(xiang)(xiang)等以(yi)(yi)得到均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)體,便于(yu)時(shi)效時(shi)重新(xin)析(xi)出(chu)顆粒(li)細小(xiao)、分布均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳化(hua)物和(he)γ'等強(qiang)化(hua)相(xiang)(xiang),同時(shi)消除由(you)于(yu)冷(leng)熱加工產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)力。使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)發(fa)生(sheng)再結晶(jing)。其次,固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)處(chu)(chu)理是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了獲得適(shi)宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)粒(li)度(du)(du)(du)(du),以(yi)(yi)保(bao)證合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)抗蠕變性(xing)能。固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)處(chu)(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)范圍為(wei)980~1250℃,主要(yao)(yao)根據各個(ge)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)中(zhong)相(xiang)(xiang)析(xi)出(chu)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解規律及使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)來(lai)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze),以(yi)(yi)保(bao)證主要(yao)(yao)強(qiang)化(hua)相(xiang)(xiang)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)析(xi)出(chu)條件和(he)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)粒(li)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)于(yu)長期高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)有較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)持(chi)久和(he)蠕變性(xing)能,應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)獲得較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)粒(li)度(du)(du)(du)(du);對(dui)于(yu)中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用并(bing)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)、屈服(fu)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、拉伸強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、沖擊(ji)韌性(xing)和(he)疲勞強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin),可采用較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du),保(bao)證較小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)粒(li)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)處(chu)(chu)理時(shi),各種析(xi)出(chu)相(xiang)(xiang)都逐步溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解,同時(shi)晶(jing)粒(li)長大(da)(da);低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)處(chu)(chu)理時(shi),不僅有主要(yao)(yao)強(qiang)化(hua)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解,而且可能有某些相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)析(xi)出(chu)。對(dui)于(yu)過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)度(du)(du)(du)(du)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin),通常(chang)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)較快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)卻(que)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du);對(dui)于(yu)過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)度(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin),通常(chang)為(wei)空氣中(zhong)冷(leng)卻(que)。


 對2205雙相不銹鋼(gang)進行不同溫度的固溶處理會導致2205雙相不銹鋼兩相組織的改變,進而導致其性能的差異,圖3.1是在不同溫度下2205雙相不銹鋼固溶處理后的微觀組織。



  選(xuan)取(qu)1000℃作為(wei)(wei)最低(di)固溶溫(wen)度(du)(du),當熱處(chu)理溫(wen)度(du)(du)低(di)于950℃時,雙相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)會析出雜質相(xiang)σ相(xiang),σ相(xiang)作為(wei)(wei)富含Cr、Mo的(de)硬脆相(xiang),其(qi)存在降低(di)雙相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)的(de)耐蝕性能。圖3.1(a)為(wei)(wei)950℃的(de)微觀組織,。相(xiang)廣(guang)泛分布(bu)于鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)/奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)晶界。當溫(wen)度(du)(du)達到(dao)1000℃時,σ相(xiang)會消失,雙相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)中(zhong)只存在鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)和奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)。圖3.1(b)~(f)中(zhong)深(shen)色區為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),淺色區為(wei)(wei)奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)以(yi)鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),呈帶狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或島狀(zhuang)(zhuang)分布(bu)于鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)上。隨著溫(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)升高,奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)晶粒尺(chi)寸變大。


 利(li)用(yong)IAS圖像分析軟(ruan)件(jian)測量并計算相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)例,每個(ge)熱處理溫度下(xia)的(de)(de)金相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)圖取(qu)8張計算,求取(qu)平均值。表3.2給出了(le)利(li)用(yong)IAS圖像分析軟(ruan)件(jian)計算得(de)到不(bu)同(tong)固溶(rong)溫度溫度下(xia)2205雙相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)例。1000℃時(shi),鐵素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)含(han)量為(wei)48.3%,隨(sui)著固溶(rong)溫度的(de)(de)升高(gao),鐵素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)含(han)量增加,奧氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)含(han)量下(xia)降,直到1200℃時(shi),鐵素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)含(han)量達到62.3%,奧氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)含(han)量僅占37.7%.這種鐵素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)與奧氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)隨(sui)固溶(rong)溫度的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)規律前人(ren)的(de)(de)研究結果相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一致。兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)例的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)曲線如圖3.2所示,兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與溫度的(de)(de)關系(xi)呈(cheng)線性變(bian)化(hua)(hua)。當固溶(rong)溫度約(yue)為(wei)1040℃時(shi),其相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)例為(wei)1:1。



 因此(ci)在本實驗的6個固溶溫度中(zhong),當固溶溫度為(wei)1050℃時(shi),雙(shuang)相(xiang)(xiang)不銹鋼相(xiang)(xiang)比例最接近1:1。


 采(cai)用顯微硬度儀壓頭(tou)為菱形壓頭(tou),荷(he)載(zai)F為4.8N,分別測出菱形的兩個直(zhi)徑d1和(he)d2,根據下(xia)式計(ji)算(suan)顯微硬度:


式 1.jpg


所(suo)有(you)固(gu)溶溫(wen)度(du)(du)試樣均測5個點(dian),最后求(qiu)取平均值(zhi)(zhi)為個固(gu)溶溫(wen)度(du)(du)下2205雙相不銹(xiu)鋼的(de)顯微(wei)(wei)硬度(du)(du)值(zhi)(zhi)。顯微(wei)(wei)硬度(du)(du)值(zhi)(zhi)如表3.3所(suo)列,顯微(wei)(wei)硬度(du)(du)隨固(gu)溶溫(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)變化曲線(xian)如圖3.3所(suo)示。


  從圖3.3可知,2205雙相不銹鋼的顯微硬度先下降,后上升。這主要是由于當溫度為1000℃時,鐵素體相中間夾雜著小塊狀的二次奧氏體,當溫度達到1050℃后,二次奧氏體含量減少,組織均勻化程度提高,硬度減小。在此之后,隨著固溶溫度的增加,奧氏體含量減少,具有體心立方結構的奧氏體相屬于軟軔相,具有面心立方結構的鐵素體是強硬相,因此材料顯微硬度值又升高。同樣對2507雙相不銹鋼進行不同溫度的固溶處理會導致2507雙相不銹鋼兩相組織的改變,進而導致其性能的差異,以下是2507雙相不銹鋼在不同溫度下固溶處理后的微觀組織。


3.jpg


  2507雙(shuang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼分別在1000℃、1050℃、1100℃、1150℃、1200℃下(xia)固(gu)溶(rong)0.5h后水冷(leng)的(de)金相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)組織如圖(tu)3.4所(suo)示(shi)。從(cong)圖(tu)3.4可以清晰地得知(zhi)當(dang)固(gu)溶(rong)溫(wen)度(du)為(wei)1000℃時鐵素(su)體相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與奧氏體相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)界處(chu)有(you)σ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)析(xi)(xi)出(chu)(chu),隨固(gu)溶(rong)處(chu)理(li)溫(wen)度(du)升(sheng)高到(dao)(dao)1050℃時σ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)已經溶(rong)解(jie)。利用(yong)Image-Pro-Plus 圖(tu)像分析(xi)(xi)儀軟件6.0版測定的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)例如圖(tu)3.5所(suo)示(shi)。從(cong)圖(tu)3.5能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)獲得固(gu)溶(rong)熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)增高會導致σ析(xi)(xi)出(chu)(chu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)含量(liang)降低,當(dang)固(gu)溶(rong)熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)溫(wen)度(du)大(da)于1050℃時σ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)已經完全溶(rong)解(jie)。這(zhe)是(shi)由于固(gu)溶(rong)熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)升(sheng)高使鋼中(zhong)(zhong)鐵素(su)體α相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)量(liang)增多(duo),導致σ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形成(cheng)元(yuan)素(su)Cr和Mo在鐵素(su)體相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)濃度(du)降低,進而導致當(dang)固(gu)溶(rong)熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)溫(wen)度(du)大(da)于1050℃時σ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)形成(cheng)受到(dao)(dao)抑(yi)制(zhi)。考(kao)慮到(dao)(dao)σ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)硬(ying)且脆,能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)大(da)幅(fu)度(du)減弱材料的(de)塑性與韌(ren)性,并且σ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)富(fu)Cr,很(hen)容易在其周圍產生貧(pin)Cr區降低DSS2507的(de)抗腐蝕(shi)性能(neng)(neng),所(suo)以σ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)DSS2507析(xi)(xi)出(chu)(chu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)危害最大(da)的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),因此,在實際應用(yong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)要想將2507雙(shuang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)熱(re)(re)軋(ya)態σ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)完全消除所(suo)選用(yong)的(de)固(gu)溶(rong)溫(wen)度(du)要不(bu)低于1050℃。




  圖(tu)(tu)3.4中深色組(zu)織是鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)α相(xiang)(xiang)、淺色組(zu)織是奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)γ相(xiang)(xiang)。從(cong)圖(tu)(tu)3.4可(ke)(ke)知奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)γ相(xiang)(xiang)首先(xian)表(biao)現為(wei)長條狀(zhuang),隨著固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)升高(gao)(gao)而逐(zhu)漸(jian)變(bian)短,變(bian)成(cheng)島狀(zhuang)分(fen)布在(zai)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)上面。從(cong)圖(tu)(tu)3.5及表(biao)3.4中給出的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)例(li)測量結果能(neng)夠(gou)獲得(de)鋼中鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)α相(xiang)(xiang)量隨固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)升高(gao)(gao)而上升,奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)γ相(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)積分(fen)數隨著固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)上升而下(xia)降(jiang),這(zhe)(zhe)是由于在(zai)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度下(xia)2507雙相(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼呈現出的(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織為(wei)單(dan)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),隨固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)低鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)逐(zhu)步轉化為(wei)奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)組(zu)織,即固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)升高(gao)(gao)導致奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)逐(zhu)漸(jian)轉變(bian)為(wei)鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)組(zu)織。從(cong)圖(tu)(tu)3.5可(ke)(ke)以看出當固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度在(zai)1000~1050℃之間時奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)y相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)例(li)減(jian)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)較緩慢,隨固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)升高(gao)(gao)奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)γ相(xiang)(xiang)含量減(jian)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi)加快,這(zhe)(zhe)是因(yin)為(wei)2507雙相(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼中的(de)(de)(de)(de)氮(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)素是奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)形成(cheng)元(yuan)(yuan)素,在(zai)較低固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度下(xia)抑制了(le)奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)向鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變(bian),而固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)升高(gao)(gao)會(hui)使(shi)N元(yuan)(yuan)素穩定奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用逐(zhu)漸(jian)減(jian)弱,進(jin)而導致奧(ao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)γ相(xiang)(xiang)向鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)α相(xiang)(xiang)轉變(bian)速度加快。


 2507雙(shuang)相不銹鋼中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)相和鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)相這(zhe)(zhe)兩種(zhong)相的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相比(bi)(bi)例(li)主要受固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)工藝以及自(zi)身化學成分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,當鋼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要化學成分確定時(shi)(shi),則兩相比(bi)(bi)例(li)與固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)制度(du)有著密切聯系。DSS2507的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相比(bi)(bi)例(li)又影響著其自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng),其塑性(xing)隨著鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)含量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增多而(er)減弱、耐應(ying)(ying)力(li)腐蝕破裂(lie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)隨著奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)含量升高(gao)而(er)減弱,進而(er)認為(wei)當鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)α相跟(gen)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)γ相這(zhe)(zhe)兩相相比(bi)(bi)例(li)接近1:1時(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)相不銹鋼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)最(zui)佳,有較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗腐蝕能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)以及較優(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)學性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。從圖(tu)3.5可(ke)(ke)知固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)熱處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)溫(wen)度(du)在1050~1100℃之間時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以使鋼中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩相組織(zhi)比(bi)(bi)例(li)達到1:1,本實驗中所選用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5種(zhong)固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)溫(wen)度(du)中1050℃時(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)α相跟(gen)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)γ相比(bi)(bi)例(li)最(zui)接近1:1,進而(er)可(ke)(ke)以認為(wei)選擇較優(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)熱處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)溫(wen)度(du)使DSS2507中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩相含量比(bi)(bi)例(li)達到1:1是有可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),在實際應(ying)(ying)用過程中為(wei)了使2507雙(shuang)相不銹鋼獲得較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng),進行固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)時(shi)(shi)選取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)溫(wen)度(du)應(ying)(ying)該在1050~1100℃之間。


  2507雙(shuang)相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)分(fen)別在(zai)1000℃、1050℃、1100℃、1150℃、1200℃固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)0.5h后(hou)水冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值如(ru)圖3.6所示(shi)。從圖3.6可知(zhi)(zhi)DSS2507的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)隨(sui)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)處(chu)理(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)先(xian)減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)后(hou)變(bian)大呈曲線(xian)變(bian)化。在(zai)1000~1050℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)范圍(wei)(wei)內(nei)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)隨(sui)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)增高(gao)而逐漸(jian)減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao),1050~1200℃范圍(wei)(wei)內(nei)隨(sui)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)又漸(jian)漸(jian)變(bian)大,且1050℃時(shi)DSS2507的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)表現為最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)。從3.2.1節分(fen)析可知(zhi)(zhi)當固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為1000℃時(shi)在(zai)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)和奧氏體(ti)(ti)相(xiang)界處(chu)有(you)σ相(xiang)析出,σ相(xiang)是(shi)(shi)一種硬(ying)(ying)而脆的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang),能(neng)夠提高(gao)雙(shuang)相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值,所以1000℃下鋼(gang)有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),而σ相(xiang)會隨(sui)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)而漸(jian)漸(jian)溶(rong)(rong)解到基體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong),DSS2507的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)有(you)下降的(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢;同時(shi)又由于固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)增高(gao)導致鋼(gang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)相(xiang)量增加而奧氏體(ti)(ti)相(xiang)量降低(di),在(zai)室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)心(xin)立方結(jie)構(bcc)奧氏體(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)面心(xin)立方結(jie)構(fcc),前者(zhe)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)要高(gao)于后(hou)者(zhe),因此在(zai)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)含量逐漸(jian)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)情況下鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也逐漸(jian)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao),即隨(sui)著(zhu)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)2507 雙(shuang)相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)呈升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢。綜上(shang)(shang)所述,隨(sui)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)從1000℃上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)到1200℃,2507雙(shuang)相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)呈先(xian)降低(di)后(hou)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化趨(qu)勢。


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