1. 制定標準的意(yi)義
GB/T 34107-2017為首(shou)次制定，主編單(dan)位(wei)(wei)為江蘇銀環精密鋼管有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)，參加起草單(dan)位(wei)(wei)有(you)江蘇武進不(bu)銹股份有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)國鐵道科學研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)院標準計量研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所、上海奉賢鋼管廠有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、山西太鋼不(bu)銹鋼鋼管有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)車(che)株洲電力機車(che)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)車(che)大連機車(che)車(che)輛(liang)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)車(che)青島四(si)方(fang)機車(che)車(che)輛(liang)股份有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、冶(ye)金(jin)工(gong)業信息(xi)標準研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)院。
制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)是保障(zhang)(zhang)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)安全營運的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)設備。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力源為壓縮空氣(qi)(qi)或(huo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)液，精密(mi)(mi)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是用來輸送壓縮空氣(qi)(qi)或(huo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)液，實現制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作用的(de)(de)(de)載體。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)對精密(mi)(mi)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)非(fei)常嚴格，其(qi)質(zhi)量直接(jie)影(ying)響車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)閥類零(ling)件對精密(mi)(mi)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)清潔度(du)要求(qiu)(qiu)非(fei)常高，不允(yun)許內(nei)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)存(cun)在(zai)異物、氧化皮脫落、銹(xiu)蝕(shi)等(deng)(deng)缺陷(xian)存(cun)在(zai)。否則會(hui)造成(cheng)閥部(bu)件堵塞(sai)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作失靈，造成(cheng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，從(cong)而危及行(xing)車(che)安全。軌(gui)道交(jiao)通車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)用不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)每(mei)臺／節機(ji)車(che)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)大致使(shi)用300公斤(jin)左右。鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)組裝(zhuang)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，通常會(hui)進行(xing)彎制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)工(gong)、預裝(zhuang)卡套、加(jia)工(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)螺紋、焊接(jie)、機(ji)加(jia)工(gong)等(deng)(deng)工(gong)藝過(guo)程。在(zai)經過(guo)這些工(gong)業(ye)過(guo)程之后(hou)，鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)不應開(kai)裂、起皺(zhou)，或(huo)有超過(guo)工(gong)藝規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)缺陷(xian)存(cun)在(zai)。軌(gui)道交(jiao)通車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)運行(xing)環(huan)境復(fu)雜(za)，接(jie)觸(chu)風、霜、雨、雪、粉塵、煤塵、紫外線等(deng)(deng)；還能(neng)(neng)夠遇(yu)到弱(ruo)酸、弱(ruo)堿等(deng)(deng)工(gong)況。目前，鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)機(ji)車(che)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)線路(lu)(lu)越來越長（例如(ru)從(cong)哈爾濱到廣州(zhou)），氣(qi)(qi)候變化劇(ju)烈(lie)，對制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)耐候性(xing)能(neng)(neng)提出了(le)更(geng)高要求(qiu)(qiu)。軌(gui)道交(jiao)通車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)日常的(de)(de)(de)保養過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)部(bu)分管(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)(lu)可能(neng)(neng)會(hui)直接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)工(gong)業(ye)清洗劑。這些都(dou)對機(ji)車(che)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)用鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)抗腐蝕(shi)、強(qiang)度(du)等(deng)(deng)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)提出了(le)很高的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)。
本標準制定前，軌道交通車輛制動系統用精密不銹(xiu)鋼無(wu)縫鋼管沒有統一的國家標準，用戶訂貨基本上都引用了歐盟或德國的標準。本標準的制定，有利于高端裝備制造用原材料的國產化。該標準適用于軌道交通車輛（機車、動車組、城軌車輛、客貨運車輛等）空氣或液壓制動系統用精密奧氏體不銹鋼無縫鋼管。
2. 主要技(ji)術(shu)內容
鋼管外徑尺寸范圍為6～48.3mm，壁厚為1.0～4.0mm。外徑范圍6～30mm的允許偏差為±0.08mm；壁厚范圍＞1.5～2.5mm的允許偏差為±0.15mm。鋼的牌號包括06Cr19Ni10、022Cr19Ni10、06Cr17Ni12Mo2、022Cr17Ni12Mo2、06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti、06Cr18Ni11Ti等6個牌號。鋼管采用冷拔（軋）無縫方法制造，以光亮固溶處理狀態交貨。力學性能要求包括拉伸和硬度。鋼管應進行液壓、壓扁、彎曲、擴口、晶間腐蝕和無損等檢驗。鋼管的內外表面應清潔、光亮、色澤均勻，無氧化皮等異物，表面粗糙度Ra應不大于3.2μm。采用不低于0.8MPa的干燥潔凈壓縮空氣逐根吹掃鋼管內表面，不應吹出任何肉眼可見的固態或液態雜物。鋼管使用木箱包裝，防護應符合鐵路標準TB/T 3218的規定，并采用外套式管帽。鋼管采用噴標方式每隔2米重復標識。鋼管的并應采用防水防潮的箱式包裝。
3. 國內外標(biao)準(zhun)對比及標(biao)準(zhun)水平
和《壓力用途的(de)無(wu)(wu)縫鋼管(guan)交貨(huo)技(ji)術條件(jian)第(di)5部(bu)分(fen)不銹鋼管(guan)》（EN 10216-5）、《精(jing)密用途的(de)鋼管(guan)交貨(huo)技(ji)術條件(jian)第(di)1部(bu)分(fen)無(wu)(wu)縫冷(leng)拔管(guan)》（EN10305-1）等標(biao)準相比，本(ben)標(biao)準在尺(chi)寸允(yun)許(xu)偏差、表面(mian)質量(liang)、化學(xue)成分(fen)、工藝性能、無(wu)(wu)損檢(jian)測、包裝等方面(mian)的(de)要求(qiu)更加明(ming)確(que)、具體和嚴(yan)格。本(ben)標(biao)準為國(guo)際先進水平。
