1. 制定(ding)標準(zhun)的(de)意義

   GB/T 34107-2017為首次制定，主編單位為江(jiang)蘇銀環精密鋼(gang)管有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)，參加起草單位有(you)江(jiang)蘇武進(jin)不(bu)銹股(gu)份有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)、中(zhong)國鐵道科學研(yan)究院(yuan)標(biao)(biao)準計量研(yan)究所、上海奉賢鋼(gang)管廠(chang)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)、山西太鋼(gang)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)鋼(gang)管有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)、中(zhong)車(che)株洲電力機車(che)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)、中(zhong)車(che)大連機車(che)車(che)輛有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)、中(zhong)車(che)青(qing)島四方機車(che)車(che)輛股(gu)份有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)、冶金工業(ye)信(xin)息標(biao)(biao)準研(yan)究院(yuan)。

   制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)保障軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)安全營運的(de)關鍵設(she)備。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力源(yuan)為壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)或制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)液，精(jing)密不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)輸送壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)或制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)液，實現(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作用(yong)(yong)的(de)載體。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)對精(jing)密不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)非常(chang)嚴格，其質(zhi)量直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)影響車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)性能(neng)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)各(ge)種閥(fa)類零(ling)件對精(jing)密不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內表面的(de)清潔度要(yao)求(qiu)非常(chang)高，不(bu)(bu)允許內表面存(cun)在異(yi)物、氧(yang)化皮(pi)脫(tuo)落(luo)、銹(xiu)(xiu)蝕(shi)等缺陷(xian)存(cun)在。否則會(hui)造(zao)成閥(fa)部件堵塞，動(dong)(dong)(dong)作失靈，造(zao)成制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)故障，從而危及行(xing)車(che)(che)安全。軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)每臺／節機(ji)車(che)(che)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)大致使用(yong)(yong)300公斤(jin)左右。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)組裝過(guo)程中，通(tong)常(chang)會(hui)進行(xing)彎制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)(jia)工、預裝卡(ka)套、加(jia)(jia)工管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)螺(luo)紋、焊接(jie)(jie)、機(ji)加(jia)(jia)工等工藝(yi)過(guo)程。在經過(guo)這(zhe)些工業(ye)過(guo)程之后，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)應開裂、起皺，或有(you)超過(guo)工藝(yi)規定(ding)的(de)缺陷(xian)存(cun)在。軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)運行(xing)環境復雜，接(jie)(jie)觸風、霜(shuang)、雨、雪、粉(fen)塵、煤塵、紫外線等；還(huan)能(neng)夠遇到弱(ruo)酸、弱(ruo)堿等工況。目前，鐵路(lu)機(ji)車(che)(che)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)運行(xing)的(de)線路(lu)越來(lai)越長(chang)（例如(ru)從哈爾濱到廣(guang)州(zhou)），氣(qi)候變化劇烈，對制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)耐候性能(neng)提出了更高要(yao)求(qiu)。軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)在日常(chang)的(de)保養過(guo)程中，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)部分管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)可能(neng)會(hui)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸工業(ye)清洗劑。這(zhe)些都對機(ji)車(che)(che)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)抗腐(fu)蝕(shi)、強度等性能(neng)提出了很高的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。

   本標準制定前，軌道交通車輛制動系統用精密不銹鋼無縫(feng)鋼管沒有統一的國家標準，用戶訂貨基本上都引用了歐盟或德國的標準。本標準的制定，有利于高端裝備制造用原材料的國產化。該標準適用于軌道交通車輛（機車、動車組、城軌車輛、客貨運車輛等）空氣或液壓制動系統用精密奧氏體不銹鋼無縫鋼管。

2.  主要技(ji)術內容

   鋼管外徑尺寸范圍為6～48.3mm，壁厚為1.0～4.0mm。外徑范圍6～30mm的允許偏差為±0.08mm；壁厚范圍＞1.5～2.5mm的允許偏差為±0.15mm。鋼的牌號包括06Cr19Ni10、022Cr19Ni10、06Cr17Ni12Mo2、022Cr17Ni12Mo2、06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti、06Cr18Ni11Ti等6個牌號。鋼管采用冷拔（軋）無縫方法制造，以光亮固溶處理狀態交貨。力學性能要求包括拉伸和硬度。鋼管應進行液壓、壓扁、彎曲、擴口、晶間腐蝕和無損等檢驗。鋼管的內外表面應清潔、光亮、色澤均勻，無氧化皮等異物，表面粗糙度Ra應不大于3.2μm。采用不低于0.8MPa的干燥潔凈壓縮空氣逐根吹掃鋼管內表面，不應吹出任何肉眼可見的固態或液態雜物。鋼管使用木箱包裝，防護應符合鐵路標準TB/T 3218的規定，并采用外套式管帽。鋼管采用噴標方式每隔2米重復標識。鋼管的并應采用防水防潮的箱式包裝。

3. 國內外標準(zhun)(zhun)對比(bi)及標準(zhun)(zhun)水平

   和(he)《壓力用途(tu)的無縫(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)交貨(huo)技(ji)術條件第5部(bu)(bu)分(fen)不(bu)銹鋼管(guan)(guan)》（EN 10216-5）、《精密(mi)用途(tu)的鋼管(guan)(guan)交貨(huo)技(ji)術條件第1部(bu)(bu)分(fen)無縫(feng)冷拔管(guan)(guan)》（EN10305-1）等(deng)標(biao)準(zhun)相比，本標(biao)準(zhun)在尺寸允許偏差、表面(mian)質(zhi)量(liang)、化學成分(fen)、工藝性能、無損檢(jian)測、包裝(zhuang)等(deng)方面(mian)的要(yao)求更加明確(que)、具體和(he)嚴格。本標(biao)準(zhun)為(wei)國(guo)際先進水平(ping)。