1. 紐扣(kou)電池和電池殼體


一般的(de)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)錳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)或堿電(dian)(dian)池(chi),其殼體使用表(biao)面處理(li)鋼材(cai)(cai)再經過涂裝即(ji)可,而電(dian)(dian)子(zi)精密儀器所使用的(de)紐(niu)扣(kou)(kou)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)用材(cai)(cai),處于表(biao)面處理(li)鋼板(ban)和(he)不銹鋼鋼板(ban)的(de)競爭的(de)狀態。在紐(niu)扣(kou)(kou)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)中,有(you)堿電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、氧(yang)化(hua)銀電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、二氧(yang)化(hua)錳鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)空氣鋅電(dian)(dian)池(chi)等各種(zhong)類(lei)型電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。


不銹鋼具有耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕性,適合制作電池殼體。但(dan)由于耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕的氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)膜(mo)而使(shi)導(dao)電性惡(e)化(hua)(hua),因此(ci)多使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鍍(du)鎳(nie)(nie)的表面處理鋼板。不銹(xiu)鋼亦可(ke)以用(yong)(yong)(yong)于廉(lian)價(jia)的玩具類產(chan)品,但(dan)在(zai)高性能(neng)產(chan)品中(zhong),則使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鍍(du)鎳(nie)(nie)的不銹(xiu)鋼。在(zai)電池種(zhong)類當中(zhong),氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)銀電池,二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)錳鋰電池應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)較廣。鍍(du)鎳(nie)(nie)不銹(xiu)鋼的代表型鋼種(zhong)SUS304鍍(du)鎳(nie)(nie)后,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)者(zhe)較多。最近為(wei)了降低(di)生(sheng)產(chan)成本,轉為(wei)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鐵素體系列(lie)的SUS430不銹(xiu)鋼鍍(du)鎳(nie)(nie)。


 2. 鋰離子電池(chi)殼體


 用(yong)在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)殼體(ti)(ti)材料中,有(you)表面處(chu)理(li)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板、不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)和(he)鋁三方(fang)面的(de)(de)競爭,在(zai)(zai)開發初期(qi),因為鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)爆(bao)炸危險性,所以(yi),對(dui)表面處(chu)理(li)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板和(he)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)作為殼體(ti)(ti)材料而展(zhan)開研討(tao)論證。因為小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是長方(fang)體(ti)(ti),像(xiang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)完畢而扔掉的(de)(de)打火機(ji)那(nei)樣形(xing)狀,雖然使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)表面處(chu)理(li)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板并具(ju)備沖(chong)壓成型(xing)(xing)性優勢(shi),但在(zai)(zai)常(chang)溫(wen)下,靈活充分地使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)沖(chong)壓機(ji)床,開發多(duo)種工藝方(fang)式的(de)(de)沖(chong)壓技術(shu),可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)進行(xing)超深(shen)度拉深(shen)工藝,制造(zao)出不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)化(hua)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)殼體(ti)(ti)。近來(lai),在(zai)(zai)數碼照相機(ji)和(he)手機(ji)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),考(kao)慮到輕量化(hua),則鋁殼體(ti)(ti)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)亦產(chan)(chan)品(pin)化(hua)了,在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材料制造(zao)技術(shu)中,東京(jing)都大田區的(de)(de)技術(shu)實力很強。沖(chong)壓行(xing)業人員采用(yong)超深(shen)拉深(shen)進行(xing)生產(chan)(chan)制造(zao)。可(ke)以(yi)說鋁和(he)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)在(zai)(zai)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)殼體(ti)(ti)行(xing)業存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著激烈的(de)(de)材料競爭。


 大型(xing)(xing)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),曾以NEDO為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin),聯合電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)生(sheng)產(chan)廠家參與,分別開發(fa)了移(yi)動(dong)(dong)型(xing)(xing)和(he)定(ding)置(zhi)型(xing)(xing)。圓柱形(xing)和(he)長方體形(xing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)殼(ke)體,使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)材料(liao)。圓柱形(xing)使(shi)用(yong)激光焊(han)接(jie)制造殼(ke)體,長方體形(xing)則采用(yong)超深(shen)(shen)拉深(shen)(shen)工(gong)藝進行(xing)(xing)加(jia)工(gong),而盒蓋使(shi)用(yong)激光焊(han)接(jie)進行(xing)(xing)接(jie)合。雖然正處于開發(fa)階段,但(dan)已經決定(ding)在2010年(nian)在主力客機波音789上(shang),裝設這種(zhong)(zhong)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。所用(yong)鋼(gang)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)SUS304、SUS304L不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang),板(ban)厚為(wei)0.6-0.8mm,在常溫下利用(yong)多道(dao)工(gong)序沖壓成形(xing)。期望在市區內行(xing)(xing)駛的(de)電(dian)(dian)力驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)而在郊區是使(shi)用(yong)汽(qi)油作為(wei)燃料(liao)進行(xing)(xing)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)兩種(zhong)(zhong)動(dong)(dong)力汽(qi)車,或電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車上(shang),作為(wei)二次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),在實用(yong)化(hua)方面取得了顯著進展。從鍍(du)層鋼(gang)板(ban)到(dao)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)的(de)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)化(hua)的(de)重點是加(jia)工(gong)性和(he)耐腐(fu)蝕性。